This study was conducted to assess the existing socioeconomic and profitability status, as well as the variables affecting lentil production in Pabna district of Bangladesh. Primary data were collected from 90 randomly selected Lentil farmers. Descriptive statistics and cost-return analysis were applied to assess the current condition and profitability of lentil production. The findings showed that the undiscounted benefit-cost ratio was 1.72, indicating that the production of lentils was profitable. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to estimate the parameters which showed that labor, seed, and fertilizer all had a significant impact on lentil production. Therefore, it would be crucial to use these resources effectively throughout the production of lentils in order to increase producer’s profits. Farmers in the research region faced a number of production-related issues, including severe disease and insect attacks, expensive and poor-quality seeds, lack of training, drought and excessive rains, the high cost of pesticides and insect attacks in storage, etc. So, the government should take actions to make it easier for farmers to obtain critical inputs and provide subsidies to entice more farmers to grow lentils.