Attachment Disorder In Children Research Articles

The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function, and attachment.

Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for psychopathologies, and influences brain development at specific periods, particularly during early childhood and adolescence. This narrative review addresses phenotypic alterations in sensory systems associated with specific types of childhood maltreatment exposure, periods of vulnerability to the neurobiological effects of maltreatment, and the relationships between childhood maltreatment and brain structure, function, connectivity, and network architecture; psychopathology; and resilience. It also addresses neurobiological alterations associated with maternal communication and attachment disturbances, and uses laboratory-based measures during infancy and case-control studies to elucidate neurobiological alterations in reactive attachment disorders in children with maltreatment histories. Moreover, we review studies on the acute effects of oxytocin on reactive attachment disorder and maltreatment and methylation of oxytocin regulatory genes. Epigenetic changes may play a critical role in initiating or producing the atypical structural and functional brain alterations associated with childhood maltreatment. However, these changes could be reversed through psychological and pharmacological interventions, and by anticipating or preventing the emergence of brain alterations and subsequent psychopathological risks.

Preparing and standardizing a scale for assessing symptoms of Reactive Attachment Disorder in Children in the pre-school stage (Egyptian environment)

Preparing and standardizing a scale for assessing symptoms of Reactive Attachment Disorder in Children in the pre-school stage (Egyptian environment)

Effectiveness of Theraplay on Reactive Attachment Disorder in Children Aged 8-12 Years

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of attachment-based play therapy method (Thera-play) on reactive attachment disorder in children aged 8 to 12 years. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population included all children aged 8 to 12 years in Tehran who had expressed interest in the call through cyberspace. From the mentioned community, 32 children were selected and divided into two groups of experiments and controls. The intervention was presented as a weekly attachment-centered play therapy (Thera-play) (Peacock, 2020). Participants completed the Attachment Disorder Questionnaire (Randolph, 2000) before the beginning and after the sessions and repeated the post-test three months later. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using two-factor ANOVA statistical method. Results: The results of data analysis confirmed the significant effect of attachment-centered play therapy (Thera-play) on the symptoms of reactive attachment disorder (antisocial behaviors, impulsivity and coercion) (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, the use of attachment-based play therapy approach (Thera-play) can be used as effective treatments in reducing the symptoms of reactive attachment disorder appropriate to the child's condition.

Perinatal risk factors and reactive attachment disorder: A nationwide population-based study.

To examine the association between several perinatal and obstetric risk factors and reactive attachment disorder in children diagnosed in specialised services. In this nested case-control study, 614 cases with reactive attachment disorder and 2423 controls matched with age and sex were identified from Finnish national registers. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between a number of perinatal risk factors and reactive attachment disorder. In the adjusted analysis, a low birthweight of <2500g was associated with an increased odds of reactive attachment disorder, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.96 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.17, 3.30 and a birthweight of 4000-4499 grams was associated with decreased odds OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.31, 0.75). The odds for being diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder increased with a gestational age of <32weeks OR 3.72 (95% CI 1.52, 9.10), induced labour OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.03, 1.75) and monitoring in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) OR 1.67 (95% CI 1.09, 2.55). We found associations between low birthweight, preterm birth, NICU admission and reactive attachment disorder. The findings add to the current literature on the understanding of the development of reactive attachment disorder in children.

Inhibited symptoms of Attachment Disorder in children from institutional and foster care samples

ABSTRACTThe main objective of the article was to study the prevalence of symptoms of the inhibited attachment disorder depending on type and quality of the caregiving environment. Analyses were based on data of a sample of institutionalized children from Georgia (N = 16), and two samples of foster children from Georgia (N = 27) and Germany (N = 55). Inhibited attachment disorder symptoms were assessed by the Disturbances of Attachment Interview (DAI) and the Rating of Inhibited Attachment Behavior (RInAB). Further assessments included behavior problems in children, quality of caregiving behavior in foster parents/caregivers, and presence of preferred caregiver in the institution. Regarding inhibited attachment behavior, expected differences between institutional (high scores) and foster samples (low scores) found for both measures (RInAB and DAI), and convergent validity between these measures was found in the institutional sample, but not in the foster samples. There were also indications of construct validity (regarding preferred caregiver in institution and caregiver supportive presence). The findings also suggest methodological issues brought about by skewed distributions of positive and negative measures in high-risk and low-risk samples, respectively.

3.23 Prenatal Risk Factors Associated With Attachment Disorder in Children: A Nationwide Register-Based Study

Attachment disorder is a condition characterized by an abnormal pattern of social functioning and is associated with behavioral and emotional disturbances in children. There are no population-based studies to date that have identified the prenatal risk factors for attachment disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the association between prenatal risk factors and attachment disorder in children.

Potentialisation de l’action des opioïdes endogènes : où en est-on du développement de nouveaux analgésiques ?

This paper aims to synthesise the literature on attachment in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), highlighting gaps in current research and applications for clinical practice. The research databases PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, and the Cochrane Library were searched for the terms “autism” and “attachment”. Forty papers investigating attachment in children with ASD were identified and narratively reviewed. Seven samples were identified that reported attachment classifications using the Strange Situation Paradigm, with an average of 47% of children with ASD classified as secure (n = 186). With research to date concluding that children with ASD can form secure attachments, studies are now looking at risk and protective factors in the development of attachment, correlates of attachment, attachment disorders in children with ASD, and attachment-based interventions for children with ASD. Many of these studies are preliminary investigations with contradictory findings reported, highlighting important directions for future research.

Actualités : les bisphosphonates sont-ils antalgiques pour les douleurs rhumatologiques ?

This paper aims to synthesise the literature on attachment in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), highlighting gaps in current research and applications for clinical practice. The research databases PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, and the Cochrane Library were searched for the terms “autism” and “attachment”. Forty papers investigating attachment in children with ASD were identified and narratively reviewed. Seven samples were identified that reported attachment classifications using the Strange Situation Paradigm, with an average of 47% of children with ASD classified as secure (n = 186). With research to date concluding that children with ASD can form secure attachments, studies are now looking at risk and protective factors in the development of attachment, correlates of attachment, attachment disorders in children with ASD, and attachment-based interventions for children with ASD. Many of these studies are preliminary investigations with contradictory findings reported, highlighting important directions for future research.

Nouvelle identification des structures d’étude et de traitement de la douleur chronique (SDC) : vers un annuaire national

This paper aims to synthesise the literature on attachment in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), highlighting gaps in current research and applications for clinical practice. The research databases PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, and the Cochrane Library were searched for the terms “autism” and “attachment”. Forty papers investigating attachment in children with ASD were identified and narratively reviewed. Seven samples were identified that reported attachment classifications using the Strange Situation Paradigm, with an average of 47% of children with ASD classified as secure (n = 186). With research to date concluding that children with ASD can form secure attachments, studies are now looking at risk and protective factors in the development of attachment, correlates of attachment, attachment disorders in children with ASD, and attachment-based interventions for children with ASD. Many of these studies are preliminary investigations with contradictory findings reported, highlighting important directions for future research.

P.1.005 Retinoic acid upregulates reduced cd38 transcription in lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with autism spectrum disorder

This paper aims to synthesise the literature on attachment in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), highlighting gaps in current research and applications for clinical practice. The research databases PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, and the Cochrane Library were searched for the terms “autism” and “attachment”. Forty papers investigating attachment in children with ASD were identified and narratively reviewed. Seven samples were identified that reported attachment classifications using the Strange Situation Paradigm, with an average of 47% of children with ASD classified as secure (n = 186). With research to date concluding that children with ASD can form secure attachments, studies are now looking at risk and protective factors in the development of attachment, correlates of attachment, attachment disorders in children with ASD, and attachment-based interventions for children with ASD. Many of these studies are preliminary investigations with contradictory findings reported, highlighting important directions for future research.

Securing attachment: The shifting medicalisation of attachment and attachment disorders

This paper examines the medicalisation of attachment and attachment disorders. It argues that there was a shift in the form of medicalisation of attachment with significant implications for the regulation of the family. In the 1930s and 1940s, the medicalisation of attachment focused on the identification and treatment of attachment disorders in children and by extension, their mothers. While mothers were held responsible for the attachment disorders in their children, their parental difficulties were often linked to factors outside of their control such as difficult childhoods or impoverished circumstances. As a result, mothers were not held morally responsible for their failings but were instead referred for psycho-medical treatment. More recently, there was a shift to medicalising attachment as both a risk and protective factor. Through the use of the techniques of surveillance medicine, individuals were classified with secure or insecure attachment. As a result, attachment was viewed as precarious. More importantly, secure attachment status was connected to the later academic and social success of children. Consequently, there was a greater emphasis on parents, particularly mothers, monitoring themselves in the promotion of secure attachment in their children.

Book Excerpt--Reactive Attachment Disorder in Children Previously Neglected or Abused Prior to Adoption

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Recognizing and treating uncommon behavioral and emotional disorders in children and adolescents who have been severely maltreated: reactive attachment disorder.

This article explores reactive attachment disorder, a disorder that has been linked to severe and chronic maltreatment. The fundamental concepts of attachment theory are reviewed briefly, and the two types of behaviors associated with reactive attachment disorder in children and adolescents are discussed. Treatment strategies are explored, including the controversial holding or rebirthing strategies.

Attachment disorders in infancy and early childhood: a preliminary investigation of diagnostic criteria.

The primary purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of differing sets of criteria for attachment disorders by using a retrospective case review. Forty-eight consecutive clinical case summaries from an infant behavior clinic were reviewed by four experienced clinicians. Attachment disorders were coded as present or absent by using competing criteria and were scored by using a continuous scale of relationship functioning. The reliability of alternative criteria was acceptable, but the reliability of DSM-IV criteria in diagnosing attachment disorders was marginal. Preliminary validity for the criteria was demonstrated by the fact that more severe relationship disturbances were seen in infants diagnosed with attachment disorders than in infants diagnosed with other disorders. Standardized assessments of at-risk populations should be used to replicate these preliminary results; revision of DSM-IV criteria may be necessary to obtain adequate reliability for diagnosing attachment disorders.

Reactive attachment disorder in children.

Emy Willcox describe the manifestations of this condition, identified as occurring when the child’s cycle of need is broken