Atomic Fluorescence Analysis Research Articles

Tables of spectral lines and atlases of spectra for atomic emission, atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence analysis. Bibliographic index

An illustrated bibliographic index of books with tables of spectral lines and atlases of spectra used in practical atomic emission, atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence analyzes has been compiled. The time range covers the period from the emergence of these analytical methods to the present. The index presents the most significant publications for practical work, published in various countries. For each book and atlas, a full bibliographic description and a brief summary of the publication are provided. Most books and atlases in the index are accompanied by illustrations of covers or title pages, as well as email addresses or identifiers that make it easy and quick to find the publication on the Internet. The index is intended for the practical activities of analysts specializing in the field of atomic spectral analysis.

An Assessment of the Potential for Selenium to Impair Reproduction in Bull Trout, Salvelinus confluentus, from an Area of Active Coal Mining

Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient, but in higher concentrations can reduce recruitment in fish populations by increasing rates of deformities during early development. Recent work has identified elevated levels of Se in water and biota collected downstream from coal mining activity in Alberta's northeast slopes region. We also recently identified increased incidence of terata and edema in rainbow trout and brook trout with elevated tissue Se from this area. However, there is currently no information regarding the potential for Se to contribute to declining stocks of bull trout, a species of concern in the area. The present study provides an assessment of the potential for Se to contribute to low recruitment in bull trout downstream from coal mining activity. Non-destructive muscle biopsy sampling and a sensitive atomic fluorescence analysis technique are used to determine Se. Results indicate that most bull trout (>90%) captured immediately downstream from coal mining activity in the region have concentrations of Se that would be expected to impair recruitment. Additional work is required to determine the extent of Se's contribution to low recruitment in bull trout.

Increasing measurement quality by atomic fluorescence analysis

Methods for measurement of atomic-fluorescence signals that allow for the effect of scattered radiation are considered. The proposed methods are based on broadening of the emission line of the spectrometer lamp.

Increasing the accuracy of atomic-fluorescence analysis

Allowance for scattered light using an additional continuous-spectrum source is considered. The effect of light-pulse rise and fall time on analysis accuracy is evaluated. An atomic-fluorescence analyzer is proposed.

Speciation of Submicrogram per Liter Levels of Arsenic in Water: On-Site Species Separation Integrated with Sample Collection

Speciation of arsenic is crucial for assessing health implications from arsenic ingestion and for effective removal of arsenic from water. We report a method for the speciation of submicrogram per liter levels of arsenic in water. The method incorporates water sample collection with on-site arsenic species separation. The method is based on selective retention of arsenic species on specific solid-phase cartridges followed by selective elution and hydride generation atomic fluorescence analysis of the arsenic species. The use of a membrane filter, a resin-based strong cation-exchange cartridge, and a silica-based strong anion-exchange cartridge allows for the speciation of particulate arsenic and soluble arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonate, and dimethylarsinate species. Detection limit is on the order of 0.05 μg/L. The method is suitable for direct water sample collection and on-site separation of arsenic species by flowing a measured volume of water sample through the filter and cartridges connected in serial. A particular advantage of this approach is to maintain the integrity of original arsenic species in the sample. It overcomes the common problem of instability of arsenic species after water sampling and during sample storage and handling. Applications of the method are demonstrated to the speciation of arsenic in well water, raw (untreated) river water, bottled water, and a standard reference material (SRM 1643d). Results agree well with the certified values of the SRM.

Estimation of the detection limits for cobalt in a solid base in laser atomic-fluorescence analysis

Estimation of the detection limits for cobalt in a solid base in laser atomic-fluorescence analysis

Laser excited atomic fluorescence analysis of pure materials with sample atomization by ion sputtering

A specially designed hollow cathode type atomizer for laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry was investigated. The potentialities of the device were examined by the determination of the lead contents in state reference materials of pure copper. Continuous wave (cw) and pulse modes of the glow discharge were studied. The formation of the sputtered atom flux for the particular geometry of the atomizer was theoretically calculated. Based on these calculations, theoretical calibration curves for cw and pulse modes were constructed. These curves differed from the experimental ones by less than a factor of five. The possible reasons of such a discrepancy are discussed. A limit of detection (3σ) of 40 ng g was obtained. The value may be improved by a factor of 60 by optimizing the parameters of the glow discharge. In addition, a new atomizer, a planar magnetron was investigated and detection limits of 3 ng g were obtained for lead in copper and silicon in germanium in preliminary experiments.

The possibilities of glow discharge cathode sputtering for laser atomic-fluorescence analysis of microelectronics materials

Some parameters of a laboratory-made glow discharge cathode sputtering atomizer have been studied in the quasi-continuous and pulse modes. The sputtering and diffusion coefficients and the density of atomic vapour have been determined. The possibilities of increasing the depth resolution in depth profiling down to tens of ångströms are shown for the specific case of determining sodium in refractory metal targets in the technological processes of microelectronics. Optimization of the analysis conditions and the use of a non-dispersive system for registration of the fluorescence signal enabled a detection limit of sodium to be obtained at a level of 24 μg g when etching an amount of molybdenum corresponding to a mean layer thickness of 1 nm.

Atomic fluorescence analysis with gas-phase atomization in an inductively coupled plasma

A method of analysis is proposed that involves isolation of elements to be determined from a sample in the form of volatile compounds, with their subsequent trapping and final atomic fluorescence determination with gas-phase atomization in an inductively coupled plasma. An air-cooled torch with a low consumption of argon was used as the atomizer. This technique eliminates almost all interferences from both matrix elements and atomizing media, and allows the analysis of a wide range of materials with a spectrometer that is calibrated on pure compounds of the elements to be determined without the need for matrix-matched standard reference materials. The method was applied to multi-element environmental analyses.

Resonance line lasers as excitation sources for atomic fluorescence spectrometry

The measurement of thallium and indium by laser excited atomic fluorescence with resonance line laser excitation is reported for the first time. The thallium and indium resonance line lasers are described in terms of operation and output characteristics. The results of resonance line laser excited atomic fluorescence analysis are presented along with results of other atomic spectrometric methods for comparison purposes.

Promising approach to accurate methods of analytical atomic fluorescence spectrometry utilising calibration with pure standards

An approximate solution of the absolute method of atomic fluorescence analysis has been considered with regard to the development of hybrid methods of analysis, which includes sample pre-treatment, isolation, separation and pre-concentration of analyte elements in the form of individual volatile compounds and final determination with the use of gas-phase atomisation. Each method discussed allows the analysis of a wide range of samples by use of a spectrometer that is calibrated on pure compounds of the analyte elements or on simple synthetic standards, without the need for standard reference materials. Such methods of analysis are applicable to the determination of trace elements in many materials, with particular emphasis on environmental samples.

Glow discharge as a vapor source for atomic-fluorescence analysis

Analytical advances have led to the design of new atomizers for atomic spectroscopy; this is particularly important for atomic fluoresence analysis (AFA), which is much less developed than other methods in atomic spectroscopy, although it has some as yet incompletely realized features [i]. A cathode-sputtering atomizer based on a glow discharge is therefore of interest. The main advantages are: fluorescence can be measured in the almost complete absence of background emission, there is less fluorescence quenching because the vapor is formed in low-density inert gas, one can analyze solids, thin films, and solutions, and there is reduced contamination probability, while the vapor composition corresponds closely to the solid [2], and direct monitoring can be applied to processes involving sputtering.

Calculation of the hyperfine splitting and the shift of a spectral line in the theory of atomic fluorescence analysis

Calculation of the hyperfine splitting and the shift of a spectral line in the theory of atomic fluorescence analysis

Nonselective attenuation of light in atomic-absorption and atomic-fluorescence analysis (review)

The rapid development of the technique of flameless atomization has created the possibility during the last decade of direct atomic-absorptio n analysis (AAA) and atomic-fluoresce nce analysis (A FA) of the majority of the elements of the periodic system in various matrices, including solid samples [1, 2]. Such analysis is characterized by a low detection limit and also by the absence of processing or by minimal preliminary processing of the samples. However, the development of effective methods for the correction of different kinds of interference was necessary to guarantee high accuracy and reliability of the analysis. Different methods of correcting interference have been discussed in the foreign literature in [3-7], but due to the significant progress in this area in recent years they do not completely reflect the real situation. In the USSR, researchers [8-11] are devoted to some particular problems of taking interference into account; however, there are no generalizing communications. In addition, data on the correction of interference in A FA are not reflected in the references cited, although the correction methods in AAA and AFA are similar. The goal of this review is a critical discussion and evaluation of the prospects for the use of contemporary methods of correcting for nonselective attenuation* (NA) of light in AA and AF analysis.

On-line dual-wavelenth instrumentation for antomatic correction of light scattering interference in dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry

The design basis of a dual detection channel spectrometer for general application in atomic fluorescence analysis is discussed. Low frequency modulation of the radiation from a single light source is employed with one channel set at a fluorescence wavelength while the second channel measures the magnitude of scattering at a non-fluorescent wavelength. The instrument has been applied to the analysis of trace Au and Cd in high scattering matrix solutions. The statistical treatment of data, and the method of calculating detection limits, is discussed.

Advances in atomizer design for solid specimens for use in atomic-absorption and atomic-fluorescence analysis

Advances in atomizer design for solid specimens for use in atomic-absorption and atomic-fluorescence analysis

The use of a dye laser for the detection of sub-picogram amounts of lead and iron by atomic fluorescence spectrometry

The frequency-doubled radiation of a dye laser excited by the second harmonic radiation of a YAG:Nd 3+ laser has been used as light source in graphite-tube atomic fluorescence analysis. Detection limits and linear ranges of the analytical curves for two elements, Pb and Fe, were studied. Direct-line fluorescence at 373.5 mn for Fe and at 405.8 nm for Pb was observed. The limits of detection, obtained using linear extrapolation to the background level, were 25 pg/ml for Fe and 2.5 pg/ml for Pb. This corresponds to an absolute detection limit of 0.75 pg for Fe and 0.075 pg for Pb. In the case of Pb, saturation was reached at an intensity of the exciting radiation of about 20 kW/cm 2, but in the case of Fe, linearity was maintained up to 300 kW/cm 2.

A Simple Technique for Coating Carbon Atomic Absorption Atomizer Components with Pyrolytic Carbon

Recent literature is replete with evidence that carbon nonflame atomizers used for atomic absorption or atomic fluorescence analysis are improved by the use of pyrolytically coated graphite or vitreous carbon in lieu of the more common (and cheaper) forms of carbon. The reasons lie in the permeability of the usual spectroscopic graphites to gases and solutions. This permeability allows actual loss of sample atoms through the walls of the atomization chamber and shortens the effective residence time of atoms within the optical path. Analyte material from solutions partially absorbed into the graphite substrate before drying enters the optical path more slowly upon application of the atomization current than will material on the surface. This causes a broadening and lowering of the peak absorption signal.

Atomic fluorescence analysis using the high-frequency electrodeless VSB-2 lamps and the DKsSh-1000 xenon arc lamp

Atomic fluorescence analysis using the high-frequency electrodeless VSB-2 lamps and the DKsSh-1000 xenon arc lamp

Developments in atom reservoirs and line sources for atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy

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