Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Method Research Articles

Determination of Metal Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) in Drinking Water from The Boring Well of Surbakti Village, Karo District by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Method

Water is an essential requirement for human existence. In addition to traditional water usage, water is essential for enhancing the quality of human existence and facilitating industrial and technological endeavors. An investigation was conducted on the contents of Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn) in drinking water from drilled wells in Surbakti Village, Karo District, employing Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) techniques. Sampling occurred during weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 and was subsequently digested with concentrated nitric acid until a volume of 15 mL was attained. The metal concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) using a calibration curve. The findings indicated a concentration of Cd at 0.0031 mg/L, Cu at 0.0470 mg/L, Fe at 0.2741 mg/L, and Zn at 0.2929 mg/L. In this instance, Cd produced a greater concentration of drinking water standards compared to Cu, Fe, and Zn. Nonetheless, it nonetheless met the drinking quality standards established by Regulation Minister of Health No. 492/Menkes/Per/VII/2010.

Lead Contamination in Pangasius Djambal in the Dam of Kalitidu District, Bojonegoro District: An Environmental Health Risk Study

Introduction: One of the areas passed by the Bengawan Solo River is Bojonegoro. Many Bojonegoro people find fish at the point of Bendung Gerak, Ngringinrejo Village. One of the fish that is often caught is Pangasius djambal. At this location, the dominant waste contamination comes from agricultural and domestic waste. Lead can contaminate water and enter through the food chain in fish which are later eaten by humans. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental health risk of lead (Pb) content in Pangasius djambal in Bendung Gerak Ngringinrejo Village, Kalitidu District, Bojonegoro Regency. Methods: This research used field environmental health risk analysis method. The total sampling of the community was 50 respondents and was taken using accidental sampling. Community sample criteria are those who consume Pangasius djambal within 1 year. Environmental samples are Pangasius djambal taken at 3 points and analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Results and Discussion: The results showed lead intakes at points A, B, and C were 0.0018 mg/kg/day, 0.0639 mg/kg/day, and 0.0012 mg/kg.day, respectively. The results show the RQ value of point B RQ>1 (unsafe), while points A and C are RQ≤1 (safe). It can be caused by several factors such as body weight, intake rate, consumption frequency, exposure duration, and lead concentration. Conclusion: Based on these results, it is necessary to do risk management at point B.

Deteksi Konsentrasi Fe, Cu, Zn dan Pb Air Sungai dan Ikan yang Tercemar Air Lindi di Bandar Lampung Dengan Menggunakan SSA

Leachate is a pollutant produced by landfills which can pollute the aquatic environment. This will have an impact on fish that live in waters contaminated with leachate and if consumed by the public it will harm health. The toxic effects of leachate are caused by the content of toxic chemicals, one of which is heavy metals. The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in Bakung landfill leachate, Sukamaju river water and fish meat. Bakung landfill leachate samples were taken from two outlet points. The fish sampling location was carried out in the Sukamaju River. The physical factors of water measured are temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, DO, COD and BOD. Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations were measured using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The results show that the physicochemical parameters in leachate and river water exceed the threshold. The contents of Zn, Cu, Fe and Pb in the leachate at both outlet points exceeded the threshold value with values of 2.48 mg/L and 2.80 mg/L; 16.55 mg/L and 17 mg/L; 0.078 mg/L and 0.113 mg/L; 3.26 mg/L and 3.01 mg/L. The concentration of heavy metals Pb and Fe in river water is 0.083-0.162 mg/L and 2.68-2.97 mg/L which are above the quality standard value, while the heavy metal Fe content in fish meat exceeds the specified threshold value, namely 0.557 mg/100 g and 0.564 mg/100 g.

Adsorbent Based On Coconut Fabric As A Metal Remover In Drill Well Water

This study aims to determine the characteristics of coconut coir activated charcoal as adsorbent, the effect of pH and interaction time on the adsorption ability of Fe. Coconut husk was calcined at 300°C for 1 hour, then activated with ZnCl2. Characterization of coconut husk activated charcoal using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Determination of the effect of adding coconut coir activated charcoal on Fe adsorption at various time variations, namely 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The results of the first phase of research showed that the water and ash content of coconut coir activated charcoal were 12,17% and 0,8569%, respectively. The second stage of research shows that time variation affects the adsorption ability of Fe. The results of the third phase of research indicate that the characteristic testing phase of activated charcoal can remove the smell of iron (Fe) in well water.

Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Pedada Fruit Extract (Sonneratia Caseolaris) to Prevent Stunting

Stunting is a problem that still cannot be resolved throughout the world, especially in Indonesia. Children who are malnourished show high levels of blood oxidative stress biomarkers as well as inhibition in growth. To understand prevention of stunting, research was conducted using pedada fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris) which is a mangrove plant taken at the Wonorejo Magrove Ecotourism, Rungkut District, Surabaya City, East Java. The results of the research were used to reveal that there are bioactive compounds in pedada fruit extract to prevent stunting. This research used One Shot Experimental Study. The variables studied used primary data from screening of phenolic and flavonoid antioxidant metabolite compounds at the FK UHT Pharmacy Laboratory and screening for Cu, Fe, Zn mineral content at the UPT East Java Nutrition Laboratory. Result: Based on the results of qualitative phytochemical screening, pedada fruit contained phytochemical compounds, namely phenolics and flavonoids. Mineral screening of pedada fruit was carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Pedada fruit extract contained zinc (Zn) of 1.057 mg, while copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) of 0 mg.

Concentration, Pollution Level, and Sources of Heavy Metals from Household Dust in Ramadi City, Iraq

Researchers and environmental managers have been interested in household dust pollution because exposure to heavy metals has a detrimental effect on health. This study aims to determine heavy metals concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), pollution level, and their potential sources in the household dust of Ramadi City, Iraq. The dust was collected from 35 houses. The atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was used to measure concentrations of heavy metals in the dust. The following was the order of the heavy metal mean concentration: Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd. These metals’ mean concentrations are below background guidelines. The descending order of the EF values for the measured metals is as follows: Ni (6.35) > Cu (5.40) > Pb (1.53 > Cr (1.24) > Zn (1.14) > Cd (0.84). Results of the calculation of CF for metals measured in house dust in Ramadi City showed values of less than 1 (CF < 1 indicating a minimum contamination level. Based on the results of multivariate statistics (correlation matrix, cluster and principle components analysis), sources of Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn are indoor anthropogenic sources while the sources of Cd and Pb are outdoor anthropogenic.

A GIS-based analysis of heavy metals around Otukpo rice mill in Benue state

Heavy metals are primarily sourced from natural pedo-geochemical backgrounds and anthropogenic occurrences like composting, sewage sludge, aerosol deposition, and waste animal manure. The study aims to determine the heavy metals within the rice mill in Otukpo to understand the spatial distribution with the objectives to examine the heavy metals within the identified activity areas in the Otukpo rice mill, to determine the spatial distribution of heavy metals within the study area and to compare heavy metal values with the acceptable limits. Soil samples were collected from ten locations at Otukpo Rice Mill to analyze heavy metal concentrations. The samples were collected using sterile bottles and a stainless trowel, and the soil samples were analyzed for the concentrations of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Zinc, Mercury, Iron, Arsenic, and Chromium using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. The result was analyzed using interpolation to see the variation of the Heavy metals within the various activity areas. The result of the study reveals that Iron has the highest concentration at the Entrance point and lowest at the Generator house with a range value of 3.92 – 1.12mg/kg respectively. The highest concentration of Zinc was recorded at the Mechanic workshop while the lowest is at the Drying point with a range value of 0.135 – 0.872mg/kg respectively. The Husk dumpsite recorded the highest concentration of Copper (0.666mg/kg) with the Drying point recording the least (0.088 mg/kg). The study reveals uneven concentrations and highlights the effectiveness of the Geographic Information System in mapping heavy metal concentrations.

Maternal blood lead level and its impact on cord blood hematological parameters

Introduction. More than 13 annual million deaths are caused by environmental pollutants worldwide. Urbanization, population growth, industrialization and globalization affect our lives both positively and negatively. Women can become lead exposed through occupational and environmental sources. Once lead enters the body, it is mainly deposited in diverse organs: brain, kidneys, liver and bones. The body stores lead mainly in the bones, where it accumulates over time that may be further released into the bloodstream during pregnancy, thus posing a threat to growing fetus. Aim: to examine a lead impact on newborn hematological parameters during perinatal period. Materials and Methods. A retrospective cohort study with 306 pregnant women and paired newborns was carried out. Peripheral blood lead level (BLL) in pregnant and postpartum women was analyzed by using the atomic-absorption spectrophotometry method. Blood specimens were collected for analysis in the third trimester of pregnancy. Newborns hemoglobin concentration (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, MCHC) in erythrocytes was also assessed. Results. We have detected a statistically significant decrease of MCHC in babies born to mothers with BLL > 0.24 µmol/L vs. BLL < 0.24 µmol/L. This difference may indicate a decline in hemoglobin fetal production caused by lead intoxication. Conclusion. Study corroborates an idea that pregnant women with occupational or environmental lead exposure should be monitored for BLL, which should not exceed 0.24 µmol/L during pregnancy.

ANALISA KADAR TIMBAL DALAM DARAH TUKANG BECAK DI WILAYAH SURABAYA UTARA

Lead (Pb) is one of the heavy metals with high toxicity which can pollute an environment and affect survival. Lead that enters the body is excreted into the bones, teeth and hair. A small amount of Pb, stored in the brain. 99% of lead binds to erythrocytes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of lead (Pb) in the blood of pedicab drivers at Jembatan Merah, North Surabaya. This type of research is a type of descriptive research conducted at the Toxicology Laboratory, Campus of Technology, Medical Laboratory of the Surabaya Polytechnic, Surabaya Center for Standardization and Industrial Services from October 2022 to May 2023. The research sample was 20 venous blood of pedicab drivers at the Red Bridge in North Surabaya with the following criteria: has an age of more than 30 years and has a service life of more than 2 years and then tested using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The results of the 20 samples showed that blood lead levels in pedicab drivers in the North Surabaya Region were still within the normal threshold set by WHO in 2021, namely <5 µg/dl or 0.05 mg/L.

Analysis Of Krosok Salt Compound Content From The Results Of The Salt Farmers Group In Kersik Village Kutai Kartanegara Regency

Salt is a source of electrolytes and iodine which are very important for the human body. East Kalimantan Province has the potential for diverse coastal and marine resources with high economic value, so it has great potential for optimal, effective, efficient and sustainable management. This research aims to determine the compound content of krosok salt that will be distributed to the public with NSI. This research method is based on NSI 3556:2016 and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method, including: (1) Water content analysis; (2) Analysis of the part that is not soluble in water; (3) NaCl content; (4) KIO3 levels; (5) Analysis of metal contamination. This research was conducted on krosok salt in Kersik Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The NaCl salt content does not meet the minimum NSI requirements, namely 94%. Meanwhile, Pb, Cd, metal contamination meets the requirements with values ​​below 10 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg.

Pathological Impacts Due to The Existence of Plastic Waste in Rumen of Bali Cattle

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Bali cattle rumen containing plastic waste and its impact on tissues and health risks. A total of 100 Bali cattle were investigated after being slaughtered at several traditional slaughterhouses in Denpasar City. Rumen samples were examined for any plastic waste, meanwhile blood, liver, kidney, lungs, spleen, intestine, and myocardium were collected for evaluation of heavy metals content and histopathological examination. The heavy metal measurement was performed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Those tissues for histopathological examination were fixed in buffer neutral formalin (BNF) and then evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The results of the examination reported 9 rumens (9%) containing plastic waste. The hematological profile showed leucocytosis and the content of lead (0.841 ± 0.522 ppm). Histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen, and intestine, were found in various types of degeneration, inflammation, and mild necrosis. In conclusion, the prevalence of plastic waste in the rumen of Bali cattle was 9%, with leucocytosis, lead content was 0.841 ± 0.522 ppm, and various histopathological lesions such as congestion, inflammation, and fatty degeneration in parenchymous tissues.

Metal-accumulating capacity and antioxidant activity of Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. moss in urban areas

Background. Bryophytes, including mosses, are widely used in biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution due to their ability to accumulate metals from atmospheric air. However, the effects of metal accumulation on metabolic processes in bryophyte cells have not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this work was to analyse the accumulation of heavy metals, indices of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and antioxidant status in gameto­phytes of the epiphytic moss Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. collected from urban areas with different levels of technogenic load. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in the city of Lviv (western part of Ukraine). Within the city, 15 sampling sites were selected and grouped as fol­lows: the green zone (A) conditionally used as the control, zone influenced by transport activities (B) and the industrial zone (C). In gametophyte shoots of P. polyantha, con­centrations of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were analysed using the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry; the content of LPO products (lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and the activities of antioxidant system enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) were analysed using standard methods. The results were processed using standard statistical methods. Results. Concentrations of heavy metals in P. polyantha gametophytes collected from the study area can be arranged in descending order as follows: Fe> Mn> Zn> Pb> Cu> Ni> Cr> Co> Cd. The content of individual metals in moss material varied depending on the sampling site. Moss shoots collected from zone B accumulated significantly higher levels of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, and shoots from zone C had higher levels of Cr and Zn compared to those from the green zone. Moss gametophytes col­lected from sites in zone B had higher concentrations of LPO products and increased levels of antioxidant enzymes activity compared to the control. Conclusions. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals in moss material from sites exposed to traffic and industrial activities reflect atmospheric heavy metal pollution in urban areas. Intensive accumulation of heavy metals in gametophytes of P. polyantha that grows in the areas of transport activities is accompanied by increased lipid peroxi­dation processes and activation of enzymes of the antioxidant system in moss cells. Activation of antioxidant enzymes may play an important role in the adaptation of the moss P. polyantha to urban environments contaminated with heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities.

Pemanfaatan Eceng Gondok sebagai Adsorben dengan Perlakuan Awal untuk Menurunkan Kadar Logam Berat Cu

Industri kimia yang dalam prosesnya menggunakan katalis tembaga ataupun garam tembaga biasanya dalam limbah yang dibuang ke lingkungan juga akan terikut logam berat tembaga (Cu). Mengingat bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh logam berat tembaga, maka dilakukan upaya untuk mengurangi kadar limbah tembaga di perairan. Salah satu metode yang dapat mengatasi kelebihan logam Cu adalah dengan proses adsorpsi. Proses adsorpsi memiliki banyak keuntungan, diantaranya dalam pengadaan media lebih ekonomis dan tidak men-imbulkan efek samping yang beracun. Tanaman Eceng gondok merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kandungan karbon cukup tinggi, sehingga tanaman eceng gondok berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif. Penelitian ini akan memeplejarari pembuatan eceng godondok sebagai karbon aktif. Proses dalam pembu-atan karbon aktif diawali dengan memasak eceng gondok dengan larutan NaOH untuk meningkatkan jumlah selulosa sebagai bahan utama pembutan karbon aktif. Kemudian eceng gondok dikeringkan dan dijadikan ser-buk. Selanjutnya serbuk eceng gondok diaktivasi dengan HCl. Proses uji adsorben dilakukan dengan menam-bahkan karbon aktif pada larutan CuSO4 dengan variabel konsentrasi 2 M, 2.4M, 2.8 M, 3.2 M, 3.6 M dan waktu pengontakkan 25, 35, 50, 65, 80 menit. Hasil analisa dari metode spektrofotometri serapan atom (AAS) bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi dan waktu pengontakan maka semakin tinggi effesiensi penyerapan karbon konsentrasi aktivator 3,6 M dengan waktu pengontakan 80 menit sehingga effesiensi penyerapan Cu sebesar 42,892 %.

The The Analysis of Lead (Pb) Contents in Tuna (Thunnus sp.) Using Furnace Graph of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Method

The The Analysis of Lead (Pb) Contents in Tuna (Thunnus sp.) Using Furnace Graph of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Method

Heavy metals induced health risk assessment through consumption of selected commercially available spices in Noakhali district of Bangladesh

There are growing concerns for food safety due to the risks associated with heavy metal contamination of culinary herbs and spices in developing countries like Bangladesh. The objective of the present cross-sectional study is to determine the concentrations of the heavy metals Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), and Iron (Fe) in the branded and non-branded spices collected from the Noakhali district by Atomic absorption spectrophotometry method, as well as to assess the health hazard risk associated with heavy metals intake via consumption of spices. The findings revealed that the greatest concentrations of Pb (15.47 ± 1.93), Cd (1.65 ± 0.011), Cr (31.99 ± 3.97), Cu (18.84 ± 1.97), and Fe (9.29 ± 1.71) were found in Cardamom, Coriander leaf, Bay leaf, Dried chili, and Black pepper respectively. Around 37 % of Cr and 5 % of Fe Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) were greater than reference doses (RfD). All spices had Total Hazard Quotient (THQ) values for Pb, Cd, Cu, and Fe that were below acceptable, and 37 % of all spices had Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) values for Pb, Cd, Cu, and Fe that were over the standard range, suggesting adverse health impacts for consumers. Green chili, ginger, coriander leaf, and all kinds of chili powder and turmeric powder have been reported to have exceptionally high TTHQ levels of Cr. The estimated carcinogenic risk for chromium in non-branded coriander leaf was found to be higher than safe levels. This study provides valuable insights into the commonly consumed spices in Bangladesh and their potential health risks associated with heavy metal contamination. The findings of this study can be used by regulatory authorities to develop effective strategies and actions to mitigate these risks and safeguard public health.

Detection of heavy metals from Harpadon nehereus, Channa punctata and Pampus chinensis dried fishes and toxicity study of Channa punctata on embryonic zebrafish

ObjectivesGlobally, heavy metal pollution is one of the major serious environmental issues. The present investigations were carried out to determine the heavy metals concentrations from three dried fish along with the toxicity effects of Channa punctata dried fish on embryonic development of zebrafish. MethodsThe concentrations of heavy metals, Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), and Lead (Pb) were detected from Harpadon nehereus, C. punctata and Pampus chinensis dried fish’s samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. ResultsThe highest concentrations of As and Pb were 3.65 ± 0.08 and 3.29 ± 0.07 ppm, found in C. punctata followed by 3.11 ± 0.05 and 3.26 ± 0.07 ppm, in H. nehereus, respectively. Meanwhile, no significant levels of Ni, Cr and Cd were found in all the three tested dried fishes, compared with standard references. The treatments of 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml C. punctata dried fish solution on zebrafish embryos showed significant toxicity and abnormalities of unequal blastomeric curve, yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, spinal curvature and tail deformation at 24, 33, 48, 72 and 96 h post fertilization (hpf). ConclusionsThe present investigation revealed that the tested dried fishes contain heavy metals and C. punctata is highly toxic for zebrafish embryos.

Validation of the Randox colorimetric assays for serum copper and zinc.

Serum copper and zinc are measured to assess deficiency and toxicity. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry methods are expensive and require highly trained staff. Colorimetric assays are available from Randox which are inexpensive and can be automated. We validated serum copper and zinc colorimetric assays on the Binding Site Optilite analyser including comparison with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy, imprecision, lower limit of quantitation, and linearity were ascertained. The impact of triglycerides, bilirubin, nickel, and iron on assay performance was also investigated. Comparison of results from colorimetric analysis of patient and external quality assurance samples with those obtained by FAAS and ICP-MS was undertaken. Intra-, and inter-assay imprecision was <9%. Serum copper and zinc assays were linear between 1.8-35.6 and 2.3-45.7 µmol/L, respectively. Agreement was good between colorimetry and FAAS (intercept = -0.7, slope = 1.04) and ICP-MS (intercept = 0.6, slope = 0.99) for serum copper in patients' samples. For serum zinc, agreement was poor between colorimetry and FAAS (intercept = 2.2, slope = 0.87) and ICP-MS (intercept = 1.9, slope = 0.98) in patients' samples. There was a poor concordance in assessment of hypozincaemia between colorimetry and FAAS/ICP-MS. The Randox colorimetric assay for serum copper on the Optilite is simple to perform, has a short analysis time, and measured concentrations compare well with FAAS and ICP-MS. Due to poor agreement with FAAS and ICP-MS, colorimetry is not suitable for the measurement of serum zinc.

Pengaruh Cemaran Logam Berat Kadmium (CD) Terhadap Bentuk Sediaan Jahe Emprit (Zingiber Officinale Var. Amarum)

The high productivity of ginger in Indonesia ranks fifth out of the ten largest ginger producing countries in the world, for example emprit ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum). Emprit ginger is usually processed into dosage forms such as powder and extract which are widely used as a spicy and off-flavor enhancer in drinks, food or traditional medicine. The growth of emprit ginger plants can be influenced by heavy metal contamination which has toxic effects and is easily absorbed, such as Cadmium (Cd), so that heavy metal Cd contamination needs to be considered as a quality requirement in the manufacture of traditional medicines and processed foods. This study aims to determine the levels and differences in heavy metal Cd contamination in the dosage form of emprit ginger using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The type of research used is experimental research. The independent variable of this research is the dosage form of emprit ginger and the dependent variable is Cd metal content. The data obtained were then tested using the Independent Sample T-Test. The results of cadmium (Cd) metal contamination levels in the powder dosage form were an average of - 0.2183 mg/kg and thick extracts with an average of - 0.2225 mg/kg. The results of statistical tests using the Independent Sample T-Test showed that there was no influence of heavy metal Cd contamination on the dosage form of emprit ginger (p&gt;0.05).

Feasibility Study: Kapah Clam (Meretrix lyrata) Consumption Based on the Amount of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) in Pulau Labu, Deli Serdang Regency

The hazardous heavy metal lead (Pb) can infiltrate the human body through the food chain. This study aimed to determine the maximum allowed amount of lead (Pb) and the lead heavy metal content in the meat of kapah clams (Meretrix lyrata) from Pantai Labu, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. This study used stratified random sampling in three locations: Bagan Beach, Muara Serdang, and Putra Deli. Heavy metal lead (Pb) measurements were conducted using the Parkin Elmer Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Maximum Tolerable Intake (MTI) or Maximum Weekly Intake (MWI) is divided by the amount of heavy metal lead (Pb) in Kapah Clam meat (Meretrix lyrata) to determine the permissible consumption limit. As a result, exceeding the MTI limit can lead to toxicity.

Contamination Levels of Pb Heavy Metals and Availability of Phytoremediation Plants in the Gampong Jawa Landfill Area, Banda Aceh City

Heavy metal contamination is a major problem that occurs in landfill areas and contamination will continue to increase over time. This condition has a real impact on the increase in the accumulation of various kinds of materials which will have an impact on the occurrence of hazardous material accumulation such as the heavy metal lead (Pb). The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metal contamination of Pb found in the Gampong Jawa landfill area and the availability of phytoremediation plants as a mechanism to contain pollutant levels in the soil. The method of data collection was carried out by measuring the levels of lead accumulation (Pb) in groundwater in the TPA Gampong Jawa Kota Banda Aceh using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method and for the availability of phytoremediation plants using an observational approach with a descriptive method. under the peacock (0.5648 ppm), under the neem (0.3031 ppm), under the orange garden (0.4438 ppm). The phytoremediation plants found included Samanea saman L, Leucaena leucocephala L, Cymbopogon citratus, Imperata cylindrica L, Desmodium ovalifolium, Azadirachta indica