Atomic Number Density Research Articles

Simulation of wind-temperature-density measurement in near space by spaceborne Fe resonance fluorescence Doppler lidar

Spaceborne resonance fluorescence Doppler lidar uses metal atoms as tracers to detect atmospheric temperature, wind speed, and metal atom number density from the top of the mesosphere to the bottom of the thermosphere in the global atmosphere. This study proposes a concept of spaceborne Fe resonance fluorescence Doppler lidar (spaceborne Fe lidar). To theoretically analyze the feasibility of this technology, key parameters of the lidar were designed. Starting from the lidar equation, the echo signal intensity of spaceborne Fe lidar and the random error of atmospheric parameters were simulated and analyzed. Satellite orbit height is designed to be 400 km, monopulse energy is 300 mJ, and vertical and horizontal distance resolution is 2 km and 230 km, respectively. The simulation calculation shows that the random error of temperature detection of the spaceborne Fe lidar is 3.32 K, the line of sight wind speed is 1.67 m/s, and the horizontal wind speed is 3.34 m/s at 90 km. At the same time, the atmospheric density and temperature of 30-70 km can be detected at night, and the error is less than 10%. The conclusion of this paper has reference value for developing spaceborne resonance fluorescence Doppler lidar to detect atmospheric parameters in near space.

Computed tomography employing sensing of high energy particle current

Objective. We demonstrate High Energy Current Computed Tomography (HEC-CT) employing megavoltage linac x-rays.Approach. Using deterministic radiation transport we simulate two-parameter HEC-CT projections and using inverse Fourier transform we reconstruct two distinct material parameters for water phantoms with ICRP tissue inserts and materials of different atomic number Z. The HEC-CT projections are obtained by beam scanning and rotating the object.Main Results. The first HEC-CT material parameter is alike the standard attenuation coefficient with dependence on atomic number and material density similar to the Hounsfield Units. The second material parameter has opposite trends and does not find any analogy in the standard CT framework.Significance. New CT method has been invented for medical imaging or non-destructive testing. The key feature of the technique is a two-value CT reconstruction based on particle current instead of transmitted dose.

Gamma attenuation and radiation shielding performance of CaCu3B2Re2O12 (B[dbnd]Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) perovskites

In order to identify the importance of perovskites in nuclear science, studies aimed at obtaining the radiation interaction quantities of perovskites are essential. This study computed and analyzed the gamma photon interaction parameters of CaCu3B2Re2O12 (BMn, Fe, Co, and Ni) perovskites to reveal their shielding potentials and comparative advantages against traditional shielding materials. Four samples of ferrimagnetic quaternary perovskites whose chemical structures are summarized as CaCu3B2Re2O12 (BMn (CCMRO1), Fe (CCMRO2), Co (CCMRO3), and Ni (CCMRO4)) were considered for their gamma interaction quantities. The values of mass attenuation coefficient (μρ) was calculated with XCOM and they were in the range of 0.0552 cm2/g–0.4162 cm2/g for CCMRO1, 0.0553 cm2/g–0.4165 cm2/g CCMRO2, 0.0552 cm2/g–0.4148 cm2/g for CCMRO3, and 0.0555 cm2/g–0.4163 cm2/g for CCMRO4. The values of effective atomic number and electron density was within the range 21.38–43.38 and 2.84 x 1023 electrons/g −5.62 x1023 electrons/g, respectively. The trend of the mass energy absorption coefficients of the perovskites was also found to be in the same order as the mass attenuation coefficient. CCMRO3 has the highest photon energy absorptive ability among the perovskites while CCMRO2 has the least capacity. Also, the gamma dose rates in15 mm thick of CCMRO1, CCMRO2, CCMRO3, and CCMRO4 for 1.25 MeV are about 1446 kR/h, 1449 kR/h, 1453 kR/h, and 1446 kR/h, respectively. Comparatively, the values of the exposure and energy absorption buildup factors were almost the same for the perovskites at the same energy and optical depth. The investigated perovskites had higher mass attenuation coefficients that standard shielding glasses. The perovskites can be used for shielding or any other radiation absorption roles in radiation science and technology, especially for photons at low energies.

Radiation Shielding Properties of Nickel, Copper and Iron Based Alloys

This study explores the radiation shielding properties of Iron-based and Nickel-based alloys with Cobalt composition to evaluate their performance in photon attenuation and shielding applications. The objectives of this work are to determine linear and mass attenuation coefficients (LAC, MAC), half and tenth value layers (HVL, TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number and electron density (Zeff, Neff), effective conductivity (Ceff), atomic cross section (ACS) and electronic cross section (ECS) of nickel and iron base alloy with Cobalt using Phy-X/PSD within 0.001 MeV to 10 MeV. The result shows Iron and Nickel-based alloys have electron densities around 10²³ electrons per gram, with increased Iron concentration improving low-energy photon attenuation. Nickel-based alloys have a higher MAC and LAC compared to Iron-based oxides, indicating better photon absorption per unit mass and thickness, respectively. Nickel-based alloys exhibit a lower HVL and TVL, indicating greater attenuation and absorption efficiency for photons, especially at lower energies. Conversely, Iron-based alloys, while showing higher HVL and TVL. Nickel-based alloys exhibited higher electron densities the Iron-based alloys and Zeff values for Nickel based alloys, ranging from 27.1 to 27.8 while Iron-based alloys with Zeff between 26.2 and 26.8. Ceff in Iron-based alloys was stable at (1.50 to 1.74) x 10⁹ S/m, while Nickel-based alloys showed significant fluctuations below 0.01 MeV. Nickel-based alloys also had higher ACS and ECS, indicating superior photon interaction, especially at lower energies. These results highlight Nickel based alloys' greater efficacy in low-energy photon attenuation and the stable performance of Iron based alloys at higher energies.

Optical actinometry for number density measurements in low-pressure plasmas: Advantages, error sources, and method validation

Number density of plasma-generated atoms or molecules is an important parameter for both fundamental research and applications. It can be measured in a straightforward manner, using vacuum-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, which is mainly possible in laboratory conditions as it may require bulky equipment, such as lasers. By contrast, optical actinometry is an alternative approach that only uses spontaneous emission from the plasma. This technique relies on the so-called corona excitation and uses emission line ratios between the gases with unknown and known concentrations (called actinometer in the last case). As a result of using line ratios, the additional density calibration is not required if the excitation cross sections are known. This study discusses Ar-based actinometry in low-pressure (roughly <1 kPa) plasma discharges with an emphasis on multiple line ratios. The work is particularly focused on the method’s applicability, the choice of Ar cross sections, and potential error sources. The influence of the additional excitation mechanisms is analyzed based on both experiments and modeling. The optical transitions for F, O, H, N, and P atoms along with expressions for their number density are presented, not requiring high optical resolution for measurements. For the sake of method validation, it is shown that in low-pressure radiofrequency discharges, a nearly excellent agreement between the actinometry data and the calibrated measurements can be achieved by careful selection of optical transitions.

Study on the structure and γ‐ray shielding performance of polypropylene/PbO composites with heterogeneous networks

AbstractPolymer‐based radiation shielding materials are receiving more and more interests due to their desirable advantages in lightweight and maneuverability. Herein, we employ polypropylene (PP) as the matrix to construct γ‐ray shielding composites through the embedment of PbO particles with a wet reaction melt blending method. From the changes in dynamic rheological behaviors and fracture surface of PP/PbO composite, it can be found that the gradient addition of PbO particles facilitates the formation of heterogeneous network structure with, and high PbO content may make the composites undergo a “liquid–solid” transition. Rheological temperature and time scanning show that both PbO content and heterogeneous network structure greatly contribute to the storage modulus (G') and thermal stability. The γ‐ray (137Cs) shielding tests manifest that BPP/PbO‐4 has the best shielding performance, whose thicknesses of half value layer (HVL) and tenth value layer (TVL) are 0.32 and 1.05 cm, respectively, obviously smaller than those shielding materials ever reported. The analyses on effective atomic number (Zeff) and effective electron density (NE) reveal that the good shielding performance of BPP/PbO‐4 benefits from its proper content and dispersion of PbO particles.

Gamma attenuation and buildup factors of GeO2-Ga2O3–Gd2O3 transparent glass ceramics for shielding applications

While gamma radiation presents significant hazards, the development of reliable shielding materials is demanded. This research study aims to investigate the gamma attenuation and buildup factors of transparent glass ceramics with the composition described by the formula of 99 [60GeO2 + (40-y)Ga2O3 + yGd2O3] +1Nd2O3, with y = 13,15,17, and 19 mol%. The basic gamma attenuation factor, namely mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), is calculated theoretically by using WinXCOM. By using MAC values, obtained by WinXCOM, we estimated the other gamma attenuation factors such as effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (Neff). Moreover, the absorption parameters, such as mass energy-absorption coefficient (MEAC), and buildup factors are also evaluated. It is found that the highest Zeff values are observed at 0.015 MeV with the values of 37.648, 38.618, 39.577, and 40.528 for GN1, GN2, GN3, and GN4 respectively. Moreover, the Gd2O3 content has a significant effect to improve the attenuation capacity of the studied samples.

Evaluation of Some Heavyweight Minerals as Sustainable Neutron and Gamma-Ray Attenuating Materials: Comprehensive Theoretical and Simulation Investigations

AbstractThis study comprehensively evaluates the radiation attenuation efficiencies of hematite and barite, commonly used materials in radiation shielding, using theoretical and simulation investigations. The MCNP-5 code was used to obtain the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) within the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV, with validation by the XCOM program. Based on these LAC values, various gamma-ray shielding parameters were determined: mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, radiation protection capacity, mean free path, transmission factor, and equivalent thickness to lead (ETPb). Additionally, effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (Neff) were calculated, including both single-energy and energy-dependent forms for photon absorption and interaction. Furthermore, MCNP-5 simulations and NGCal program calculations were used to assess thermal neutron attenuation, while the NXcom program determined fast neutron behavior. This analysis revealed superior γ-ray shielding for barite compared to hematite. Similarly, the NXcom program indicated better fast neutron shielding for barite. However, interestingly, simulations validated a 210% higher effectiveness in thermal neutron attenuation for hematite. Finally, comparing the studied materials with other shielding materials demonstrated promising potential as environmentally friendly alternatives for effective shielding against various radiation types.

Effective lifetime of Ni laser induced fluorescence excited at 336.9 nm during spark plug discharge

In this study, the laser induced fluorescence lifetime of Ni atoms in ambient air with presence of a plasma discharge was measured for the first time. Free Ni atoms were generated in air at a pressure of 1 bar by spark plug discharges driven by an inductive coil. The Ni atoms were excited at the 336.957 nm absorption line by a 336.96 nm, 90 ps laser pulse and the resulting temporally resolved decaying fluorescence signals were captured by a PMT. An effective fluorescence lifetime of about 1.1 ns was observed for the fluorescence signal within a 7.4 nm detection window centered at 345 nm. Further analysis also revealed that the lifetime of the transition showed statistically insignificant change throughout the duration of the discharge. The peak intensity of the fluorescence signal was found to be proportional to the integrated signal intensities. This in turn suggests that the integrated fluorescence signals in the aforementioned spectral region are proportional to the population density of ground state Ni atoms in the detection volume. The number density of free Ni atoms in the spark gap was measured over time during the plasma discharge, showing an accumulating trend in the beginning phase of the discharge followed by a slow decrease until the termination.

TEMPy: a toolkit for the modeling of weighted tissue equivalent material in diagnostic imaging

Objective. Accurate simulation of human tissues is imperative for advancements in diagnostic imaging, particularly in the fields of dosimetry and image quality evaluation. Developing Tissue Equivalent Materials (TEMs) with radiological characteristics akin to those of human tissues is essential for ensuring the reliability and relevance of imaging studies. This study presents the development of a mathematical model and a new toolkit (TEMPy) for obtaining the best composition of materials that mimic the radiological characteristics of human tissues. The model and the toolkit are described, along with an example showcasing its application to obtain desired TEMs. Approach. The methodology consisted of fitting volume fractions of the components of TEM in order to determine its linear attenuation coefficient as close as possible to the linear attenuation coefficient of the reference material. The fitting procedure adopted a modified Least Square Method including a weight function. This function reflects the contribution of the x-ray spectra in the suitable energy range of interest. TEMPy can also be used to estimate the effective atomic number and electron density of the resulting TEM. Main results. TEMPy was used to obtain the chemical composition of materials equivalent to water and soft tissue, in the energy range used in x-ray imaging (10 −150 keV) and for breast tissue using the energy range (5–40 keV). The maximum relative difference between the linear attenuation coefficients of the developed and reference materials was ±5% in the considered energy ranges. Significance. TEMPy facilitates the formulation of TEMs with radiological properties closely mimicking those of real tissues, aiding in the preparation of physical anthropomorphic or geometric phantoms for various applications. The toolkit is freely available to interested readers.

Effect of lanthanum oxide on the radiation-shielding, dielectric, and physical properties of lithium zinc phosphate glasses

This study looked at the shielding properties, physical properties, and dielectric spectroscopy of various lanthanum oxide concentrations based on (65-x) P2O5-15 Li2O–15ZnO– 5Bi2O3- xLa2O3 with x = 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mol% glasses. When La2O3 is added, the molar volume quantities fall but the density values increase. The sample with the designation La-4.0 (4.0 mol% La2O3 content) had the highest density observed, 3.2182 g/cm3. Monte Carlo simulations and the Phy-x/PSD software were used to determine the critical gamma radiation attenuation characteristics, particularly linear attenuation coefficients and mass attenuation coefficients of glass samples under investigation. The half-value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number and effective electron density were then examined across a wide energy range (0.015–15 MeV). The findings of the investigation showed that the addition of La2O3 decreased the half-value layer and mean free path while increasing the mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number, and effective electron density. The results indicate that the inclusion of La2O3 appears to improve that glass system's ability to deflect gamma and neutron radiation. Over a broad frequency range, the dielectric properties were measured. The dielectric constant (ε′), which is typically steadily decreased with the addition of lanthanum, indicates an increase in the degree of electrical stiffness inside the glass network. Among the samples examined, the glass sample La-4.0 is thought to possess the best properties for electronic packaging due to its maximum propagation speed and lowest dielectric constant.

Reducing the computational complexity of implicit schemes in the modeling of kinetic inelastic collisions in a partially ionized plasma

AbstractModeling the time evolution of atomic number densities and the kinetic (non‐Maxwellian) electron energy distribution function under the action of electron impact collisions by classical approaches requires an implicit time‐stepping scheme to maintain numerical stability. The resulting linear system that must be iteratively solved at each time step incorporates a dense (nonsparse) matrix. For variables being propagated, the computational cost is . We present an alternative approach with a computational cost of , which is the same order as the computational cost of an explicit method for propagating a system of this type. The approach relies on a combination of classical iterative derivative evaluations, combinatorial approximations, and some ideas from deep machine learning.

Gamma ray Shielding Properties of the 57.6TeO2-38.4ZnO-4NiO system

The radiation shielding is important for human health as it is hazardous for cell. New material development is under research for alternative shielding materials. Thus 57.6TeO2–38.4ZnO–4NiO system was developed and its shielding capacity were inspected. The variation of the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and some other parameters such as half value length (HVL), mean free path (mfp), effective atomic number (Zeff) and Effective electron density (Neff) were studied. The Phy-X/PSD program was utilized for this purpose

A novel state-resolved actinometry method to determine the nitrogen atom number density in the ground state and intra-shell excited states in low-pressure electron cyclotron resonance plasmas

The active-particle number density is a key parameter for plasma material processing, space propulsion, and plasma-assisted combustion. The traditional actinometry method focuses on measuring the density of the atoms in the ground state, but there is a lack of an effective optical emission spectroscopy method to measure intra-shell excited-state densities. The latter atoms have chemical selectivity and higher energy, and they can easily change the material morphology as well as the ionization and combustion paths. In this work, we present a novel state-resolved actinometry (SRA) method, supported by a krypton line-ratio method for the electron temperature and density, to measure the number densities of nitrogen atoms in the ground and intra-shell excited states. The SRA method is based on a collisional-radiative model, considering the kinetics of atomic nitrogen and krypton including their excited states. The densities measured by our method are compared with those obtained from a dissociative model in a miniature electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source. Furthermore, the saturation effect, in which the electron density remains constant due to the microwave propagation in an ECR plasma once the power reaches a certain value, is used to verify the electron density measured by the line-ratio method. An ionization balance model is also presented to examine the measured electron temperature. All the values obtained with the different methods are in good agreement with each other, and hence a set of verified rate coefficient data used in our method can be provided. A novel concept, the ‘excited-state system’, is presented to quickly build an optical diagnostic method based on the analysis of quantum number propensity and selection rules.

Nitric Oxide Concentration: A New Data Set Derived From SABER Measurements

AbstractVertical profiles of nitric oxide (NO) concentration are derived between 120 and 250 km using updated NO emission rates measured by Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. The Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Radar (MSIS) 2.1 model is used to provide the required parameters of temperature, atomic oxygen number density, and molecule oxygen number density needed to derive the NO concentrations using a non‐local thermodynamic equilibrium (non‐LTE) model. The SABER NO concentration shows a significant correlation with solar activity with larger peak NO concentrations and higher altitude extent during solar maximum years compared to those during the solar minimum years. The SABER NO agrees well with the MSIS 2.1 NO at altitudes above 120 km for all latitudes, while the pronounced SABER‐MSIS NO discrepancy below 120 km is likely due to the temperature underestimation by MSIS 2.1. A detailed error analysis is presented and considers systematic and random errors in all the terms in the non‐LTE model used to derive the NO concentration. Random error in MSIS 2.1 temperature and atomic oxygen dominates the uncertainty in single NO profiles above 120 km. We estimated a systematic error up to ∼36% between 120 and 250 km during solar maximum years.

Projection domain decomposition denoising algorithm based on low rank and similarity-based regularization.

Projection Domain Decomposition (PDD) is a dual energy reconstruction method which implements the decomposition process before image reconstruction. The advantage of PDD is that it can alleviate beam hardening artifacts and metal artifacts effectively as energy spectra estimation is considered in PDD. However, noise amplification occurs during the decomposition process, which significantly impacts the accuracy of effective atomic number and electron density. Therefore, effective noise reduction techniques are required in PDD. This study aims to develop a new algorithm capable of minimizing noise while simultaneously preserving edges and fine details. In this study, a denoising algorithm based on low rank and similarity-based regularization (LRSBR) is presented. This algorithm incorporates the low-rank characteristic of tensors into similarity-based regularization (SBR) framework. This method effectively addresses the issue of instability in edge pixels within the SBR algorithm and enhances the structural consistency of dual-energy images. A series of simulation and practical experiments were conducted on a dual-layer dual-energy CT system. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms exiting noise removal methods in Peak Signal-to-noise Ratio (PSNR), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Structural Similarity (SSIM). Meanwhile, there has been a notable enhancement in the visual quality of CT images. The proposed algorithm has a significantly improved noise reduction compared to other competing approach in dual-energy CT. Meanwhile, the LRSBR method exhibits outstanding performance in preserving edges and fine structures, making it practical for PDD applications.

Spatially resolved TALIF investigation of atomic oxygen in the effluent of a CO2 microwave discharge

A diagnostic setup for one-dimensionally spatially resolved two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) detection of ground state oxygen atoms ( 2p43P2,1,0 ) is developed. The goal of this study is to investigate the evolution of temperatures and absolute number densities of oxygen atoms along the effluent of a low-pressure CO2 microwave discharge in order to gain insights into some of the mechanisms governing the post-discharge regime. The plasma source is operated at conditions of 600 W– 1200 W of absorbed power with flow rates of 74 sccm and 370 sccm pure CO2 at pressures between 1.2 mbar and 5 mbar with specific energy inputs up to 111.9 eV/molecule. These operating conditions exhibit high CO2 conversions (up to 90%) at low energy efficiencies (2%–7.4%), due to direct electron impact dissociation driving the conversion process resulting in splitting of CO2 into CO and metastable oxygen atoms. The TALIF measurements yield spatially resolved translational temperatures between 1000 K– 1600 K for most operating conditions and axial positions along the effluent. Reference measurements with xenon 6p′[3/2]2 are used for absolute number density calibration. The resulting axially resolved number density profiles of ground state atomic oxygen increase along the effluent, even at considerable distances of several centimeters from the active discharge, before they reach a maximum between 5×1020 m−3 and 2.2×1021 m−3 depending on the condition, and decrease after that. This behavior indicates the potential significance of quenching of metastable oxygen atoms within the post-discharge regime of the investigated CO2 discharges. The measured spatially resolved number density evolutions are qualitatively consistent with quenching via wall collisions being the dominant deactivation mechanism, underlining the importance of particle-wall interactions.

Obtaining versatile Cr3+-activated phosphors with improved far-red emissions via host composition modulation

Cr3+-activated spinel-type phosphors have great potential in different application scenes due to their unique sharp and far-red (FR) emission. However, the multi-functionalization of these phosphors is still limited by their unsatisfied comprehensive properties. Herein, a simple composition engineering was used to explore versatile phosphors, using Ga3+ to substitute Al3+ to improve the optical performances of spinel LiAl5–xGaxO8:Cr3+. The substitution of Ga3+ evidently affects the crystal field environment of Cr3+ and further accounts for the luminescence optimization. Using the optimized phosphor, two sensitive thermometers based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique were explored on account of the different temperature dependencies of 4T2→4A2 and 2E→4A2 emission and of R2 and R1 emission. The maximum relative sensitivity Sr are 1.29%/K at 323 K and 1.94%/K at 298 K, respectively, which are superior to that of the Ga3+-unsubstituted one. Besides, the Ga3+→Al3+ substitutions endow the resultant phosphors with larger atomic number (Zeff) and theoretical density, which is more conducive to improving X-ray-stimulated emission for X-ray detection. Finally, the potential applications of the developed phosphor are also reflected in plant growth and night vision surveillance, as it is shown to be capable of matching with the absorption of phytochrome PFR and visualizing objects in the dark. This contribution not only proves that the developed LiAl5–xGaxO8:Cr3+ FR phosphors are promising versatile platforms, but also provides an essential guidance for designing more novel multi-functional materials.

Characterization of Normal Bone in the Equine Distal Limb with Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density Determined with Single-Source Dual Energy and Detector-Based Spectral Computed Tomography.

Single-source dual energy (SSDECT) and detector-based spectral computed tomography (DBSCT) are emerging technologies allowing the interrogation of materials that have different attenuation properties at different energies. Both technologies enable the calculation of effective atomic number (EAN), an index to determine tissue composition, and electron density (ED), which is assumed to be associated with cellularity in tissues. In the present prospective observational study, EAN and ED values were determined for 16 zones in normal subchondral and trabecular bone of 37 equine cadaver limbs. Using both technologies, the following findings were obtained: 1. palmar/plantar EAN zone values in the fetlock increased significantly with increasing age of the horse; 2. all EAN and ED values were significantly lower in the trabecular bone than in the subchondral bone of all phalanges; 3. in the distal phalanx and navicular bone, most EAN and ED values were significantly lower compared to the proximal and middle phalanx; and 4. some EAN and ED values were significantly different between front and hind limbs. Several EAN and ED values significantly differed between SSDECT and DBSCT. The reported EAN and ED values in the subchondral and trabecular bone of the equine distal limb may serve as preliminary reference values and aid future evaluation and classification of diseases.

A blurring correction method suitable to analyze quantitative x-ray images derived from energy-resolving photon counting detector

Objective. The purpose of this study is to propose a novel blurring correction method that enables accurate quantitative analysis of the object edge when using energy-resolving photon counting detectors (ERPCDs). Although the ERPCDs have the ability to generate various quantitative analysis techniques, such as the derivations of effective atomic number (Z eff) and bone mineral density values, at the object edge in these quantitative images, accurate quantitative information cannot be obtained. This is because image blurring prevents the gathering of accurate primary x-ray attenuation information. Approach. We developed the following procedure for blurring correction. A 5 × 5 pixels masking region was set as the processing area, and the pixels affected by blurring were extracted from the analysis of pixel value distribution. The blurred pixel values were then corrected to the proper values estimated by analyzing minimum and/or maximum values in the set mask area. The suitability of our correction method was verified by a simulation study and an experiment using a prototype ERPCD. Main results. When Z eff image of aluminum objects (Z eff = 13) were analyzed without applying our correction method, regardless of raw data or correction data applying a conventional edge enhancement method, the proper Z eff values could not be derived for the object edge. In contrast, when applying our correction method, 82% of pixels affected by blurring were corrected and the proper Z eff values were calculated for those pixels. As a result of investigating the applicability limits of our method through simulation, it was proven that it works effectively for objects with 4 × 4 pixels or more. Significance. Our method is effective in correcting image blurring when the quantitative image is calculated based on multiple images. It will become an in-demand technology for putting a quantitative diagnosis into actual medical examinations.