Atmospheric Temperature Research Articles

Microstructural analysis and tribological characteristics of thermally sprayed Co-Ni-O ternary oxide coatings

Due to their high thermal and chemical stability, ternary oxide coatings have been extensively investigated as potential solutions for high-temperature solid lubrication. In this study, the tribological behavior of the thermally sprayed Co0.75Ni0.25O and Co0.5Ni0.5O oxide coatings was investigated. The dry sliding reciprocating friction tests were performed against an Al2O3 counterface at room and elevated temperatures using a ball-on-flat tribometer. The results indicated that the friction and wear of Co0.75Ni0.25O oxide coatings did not change significantly at atmospheric and elevated temperature conditions, whereas the friction and wear of the Co0.5Ni0.5O increased at elevated temperatures. The correlations between the worn surface morphologies, the subsurface microstructure induced by wear, and the wear behavior of the coatings were discussed based on the characterizations, (i.e., microhardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI)).

The patterns of potential evapotranspiration and seasonal aridity under the change in climate in the upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia

Evapotranspiration is one of the determinant components of the hydrological process, highly influenced by climate change due to the increase in atmospheric temperature at global and regional scales. This study was designed to evaluate the extent to which climate change affects the Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) and the consequent Aridity Index (AI) in the high-emission scenario of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) in the Gilgel Abay, Ribb, Gumara, and Megech watersheds using six Global Climate Models in the 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100 relative to the 1971–2000 (baseline period). The average PET is simulated using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Penman-Monteith and Hargreaves methods were used in the computation of PET using the water balance technique, and the Hargreaves method was found more efficient in calibration and validation processes. The Aridity Index (AI) of watersheds is calculated using the ratio of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The study revealed that the change in annual average PET is showing an increasing pattern in the three time periods, and the highest rate of changes in Megech, Gilgel Abay, Ribb, and Gumara, watersheds are 16.66%, 15.53%, 14.68%, and 13.46%, respectively in the 2071–2100 time period. Seasonally, the highest rate of change in PET is 20.37% (September), 19.29% (April), 17.46% (March), and 17.02% (March) in the Megech, Gilgel Abay, Ribb, and Gumara, respectively. Similarly, the seasonal highest change in Aridity Index (AI) is also likely to be observed in the 2071–2100 in which in the dry season, it accounts –0.303 (March), –0.299 (March), –0.285 (April), and –0.276 (April) in the Ribb, Gumara, Gilgel Abay, and Megech, respectively, whereas in the rainy season, the change is 0.263, 0.258, 0.238, and 0.211 in the Gilgel Abay, Gumara, Ribb, and Megech, respectively. In general, due to the rising atmospheric temperature, the amount of moisture during dry seasons in the headwater catchments of the upper Blue Nile basin is expected to deplete in the 21st century. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use different climate change adaptation mechanisms including adopting suitable physical and biological water conservation techniques to enhance the amount of water stored in the subsurface and joining the groundwater during the rainy season.

Effect of Climate Change on Wildlife

Climate change is a global catastrophe that disrupts the balance of ecosystem by altering the climatic measures. Human being are not the only living species on earth that is affected by climate change. All the inhabitants on Earth are dependent on suitable living conditions for their survival. All human and non-human species on Earth either directly or indirectly relying on each other. Wildlife is the key indicator of climatic changes in the environment as they are part of various biological and ecological cycles in the atmosphere. Over the century, the atmospheric temperature has increased around 1.1°C. Changes in climatic conditions is affecting the terrestrial and aquatic biomes in plenty of ways. Limiting basic living conditions of animals by destruction of their natural habitation and its transformation into urban lands which intensifies the human-wildlife interactions. Migration of temperature sensitive species to the areas of higher altitude. High temperatures have increased the occurrence of wild-land fires, floods and droughts five times more than past 50 years. Animals naturally respond to altering climatic conditions by exhibiting changes in their general and reproductive behavior, growth patterns, increased zoonotic diseases. All these above cited effect put them to the status of endangered species and ultimately to the extinction. Strategic approaches i.e., protection, management, planning and evaluation of natural biomes to conserve the Earth’s biodiversity must be opted to avoid the extinction of wild species.

ARTP mutagenesis of Aureobasidium pullulans RM1603 for high pullulan production and transcriptome analysis of mutants.

Pullulan is a microbial exopolysaccharide produced by Aureobasidium spp. with excellent physical and chemical properties, resulting in great application value. In this study, a novel strain RM1603 of Aureobasidium pullulans with high pullulan production of 51.0 ± 1.0g·L- 1 isolated from rhizosphere soil was subjected to atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis, followed by selection of mutants to obtain pullulan high-producing strains. Finally, two mutants Mu0816 and Mu1519 were obtained, with polysaccharide productions of 58.7 ± 0.8 and 60.0 ± 0.8g∙L- 1 after 72-h fermentation, representing 15.1 and 17.6% increases compared with the original strain, respectively. Transcriptome analysis of the two mutants and the original strain revealed that the high expression of α/β-hydrolase (ABHD), α-amylase (AMY1), and sugar porter family MFS transporters (SPF-MFS) in the mutants may be related to the synthesis and secretion of pullulan. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of ARTP mutagenesis in A. pullulans, providing a basis for the investigation of genes related to pullulan synthesis and secretion.

Broadband spectral cyan emission phosphor for full-spectrum LED caused by interstitial site occupation

The phosphor with a highly condensed, rigid framework structure and a single crystallographic site often exhibit symmetrical narrow-band emission. It is challenging to achieve broadband emission by doping Eu2+ ions in similar structures. Here, we propose to control the occupation and quenching concentration of Eu2+ ions in a single-site matrix Sc2Si2O7 to increase efficiency and precise regulation of luminescence spectra substantially. The analysis of photoluminescence spectroscopy through steady-state, transient-state, and Gaussian fitting techniques has discovered two emission centers despite the presence of a single rare-earth substitution site. The theoretical calculations and bond valence sum subsequently prove that Eu2+ ions prefer substituting the Sc3+ and interval sites to emit intense cyan light. Under 340 nm excitation, broad cyan-emission (FWHM = 115 nm) is exhibited with a high quantum yield of 60.67 %. The present phosphor exhibits pronounced thermal stability, and the emission intensity can still keep 68.3 % at 170 °C compared to that at atmospheric temperature. The Sc2Si2O7: Eu2+ phosphor boasts exceptional potential as a highly efficient cyan component in full-spectrum WLEDs. By replacing the blue light component commonly found in WLEDs, the intelligent and healthy alternative Sc2Si2O7: Eu2+ phosphor can effectively decrease the harmful blue light. This work also highlights the critical need to analyze local phosphor distortions upon rare-earth substitution, especially in single crystallographic site structures.

Biomarker reconstructions of temperature and hydroclimate variability in Vietnam during Marine Isotope Stage 3

Limited hydrological data coupled with a reliance on the monsoon rains for agriculture make Southeast (SE) Asia vulnerable to climate change. To develop a better understanding of how SE Asia responds to climatic forcings, we provide a paleoclimate perspective by reconstructing temperature and hydroclimate from a wetland outcrop in the Central Highlands of Vietnam (CHV) during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). Mean annual atmospheric temperatures inferred from brGDGTs (branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers) indicate an increase from 23 to 26 °C between ∼54 and 37 cal ka BP, which follows an increase in mean annual insolation at the latitude of the site. δDwax data show a shift from a greater proportion of summer monsoon rain derived from the Bay of Bengal between 54 and 49 cal ka BP toward more autumn rain from the South China Sea (also known as the Vietnam East Sea) for most of the rest of the record. brGDGT-inferred soil pH suggests that the climate was wetter at 54 to 49 cal ka BP, then became drier, then returned to wet conditions approaching 37 cal ka BP. Both orbital forcing and changes in the exposure of the Sunda Shelf likely influenced hydroclimate in the CHV. δ13Cwax indicates that C4 plants dominate the vegetation cover during MIS 3. Comparison between our new record from the CHV with existing water isotope proxy records reveals coherent changes with nearby speleothem data, but regional differences between the history of hydroclimate in SE Asia and in the central Indian Monsoon domain. As a snapshot of glacial climate conditions, our data provide new information on the past drivers of climate in an understudied region.

Meso‐ and Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photo‐Oxidation of Benzylamine

ABSTRACTThe construction of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with desirable structures for high‐performance photocatalysis is attractive but remains challenging. Here, a hierarchically meso‐ and microporous scCu‐MOF‐74 was synthesized in supercritical CO2 (scCO2)/methanol solution. Compared with the conventional microporous Cu‐MOF‐74, the meso‐ and microporous scCu‐MOF‐74 has more exposed and accessible Lewis acid sites derived from the missing‐linker defects. The unique structure endows scCu‐MOF‐74 with superior molecular accessibility, enhanced separation, and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charges. High catalytic activity and reusability can be achieved in photo‐oxidative coupling of amines, reaching a maximum N‐benzylbenzaldimine yield rate of 4.80 mmol g−1 h−1 under mild conditions, that is, air atmosphere and room temperature. This study provides a new idea for improving the intrinsic photocatalytic activities of MOFs.

Effects of enriched CO2, temperature, and irrigation on soil properties in greenhouse apple tree cultivation

The significant contributions of anthropogenic activity to global warming are evidenced by the increasing average atmospheric temperatures and CO2 concentration. To date, data on the impact of global warming on crops, particularly field-scale fruit growth and the soil environment, remain lacking. Therefore, we conducted a 4-year monitoring experiment on semi-closed apple tree populations cultivated under the present or near-future climate to assess the effects of atmospheric temperature and CO2 concentrations on soil moisture, temperature, and inorganic ion concentration. Apple saplings were grown in three independent environment-controlled greenhouses, namely greenhouses A (GH_A; control), B (GH_B; high-temperature), and C (GH_C; high-temperature and high CO2), representing climate modification experiments. The pH increased by 0.02, 0.20, and 0.12/year for GH_A, GH_B, and GH_C, respectively. In particular, GH_B (standard irrigation plot; STD) showed a significant pH increase of 0.25/year. The EC increased by 0.014 mS/cm/year for GH_A, decreased by -0.010 mS/cm/year for GH_B, and increased by 0.006 mS/cm/year for GH_C, showing no clear overall increasing or decreasing trend. The NO3 concentration increased by 1.2 mg/L/year for GH_A, decreased by 10.2 mg/L/year for GH_B and decreased by 0.7 mg/L/year for GH_C. The apparent activation energy (Ea) ranged from 85.3 to 214.4 (kJ/mol NH4+) and, regardless of watering treatment, GH_A > GH_B > GH_C. The values in STD plots were 1.4 to 1.7 times those in abundant irrigation plots. Using GH_A (STD) as a standard, the soil temperature dependence of the nitrification rate did not change overall at high or low air temperatures with increasing watering (Ea = 150.5 kJ/mol) or heating (Ea = 154.1 kJ/mol). The soil temperature dependence of the nitrification rate did not vary under heating and increased watering (Ea = 89.5 kJ/mol) or under heating, increased watering, and increased CO2 (Ea = 85.3 kJ/mol). This study provides novel insights into determining the environmental impacts of apple tree community soils under near-future climatic conditions.

Transition of the Sun to a Regime of High Activity: Implications for the Earth Climate and Role of Atmospheric Chemistry

AbstractIt was recently suggested that the Sun could switch to a high‐activity regime which would lead to a rise of ultraviolet radiation with an amplitude of about four times larger than the amplitude of an average solar activity cycle and a simultaneous drop in total solar irradiance. Here, we applied the SOCOLv3‐MPIOM model with an interacting ocean to simulate the response of chemistry, dynamics, and temperature of Earth's atmosphere to such a change in solar irradiance. We studied the effect of high activity regime on the atmosphere investigating the influence of the chemical and radiative processes on the climate, and chemistry of NOx, HOx, and O3. We find a climate cooling by up to 1K and a substantial increase in stratospheric ozone (up to 14%) and total ozone (up to 8%). To understand the role of the different processes we performed simulations with two sets of forcing accounting separately for the influence on chemical processes and for direct radiation energy balance. Our calculations show that the stratospheric O3 response is almost fully driven by the chemical processes. We also found that the direct radiation processes lead to near‐surface cooling that results in the suppression of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. This, in turn, leads to the reduction of H2O influx from the low layers of the troposphere and to less intensive transport of ozone from the tropics to the middle latitudes. The surface climate response is dominated by direct radiation influence with only a small contribution from chemical processes.

Observed Impacts of Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic Systems on the Microclimate and Soil in an Arid Area of Gansu, China

Ground-mounted photovoltaic (GMPV) systems are a crucial component of photovoltaic (PV) applications, and their environmental impacts during large-scale development require thorough attention. This study conducted continuous observations at a GMPV plant in an arid region, employing a three-site comparative monitoring system to assess the environmental impact of both shaded and non-shaded areas within GMPV systems. The parameters measured included atmospheric temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), soil temperature (ST), soil water content (SWC), and wind speed. The results revealed significant diurnal and seasonal variations in AT, with daytime warming and nighttime cooling ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 °C, with particularly large variations observed during high-temperature seasons. Shaded areas under the PV panels exhibited increased RH at night and decreased RH during the day, along with a cooling effect on ST, with a maximum reduction of 7 °C. SWC was higher in shaded areas during dry seasons but exhibited complex redistribution patterns during rainy seasons. Wind speed and direction were notably altered, demonstrating a corridor effect. These findings contrast with previous studies that only focused on the environmental assessment of non-shaded areas within PV systems and external areas using two-site monitoring. This study highlights the critical role of shaded areas in understanding the local environmental impacts of PV systems. This comprehensive approach offers deeper insights into how PV systems influence local meteorological and environmental conditions, suggesting that optimized design and placement of PV systems can enhance their ecological benefits and mitigate adverse environmental impacts in arid regions.

Spectroscopic analysis of pulsed-mode plasma with argon addition for diamond growth

The advancement of high-speed growth technology for large-scale single-crystal diamonds is desired. In the widely used microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition method, the gas temperature in the plasma atmosphere significantly contributes to the generation of reactive radicals and enhancement of crystal growth. However, the impact of electron-dominated reactions in the plasma on the crystal growth remains unclear. In this study, we actively controlled the plasma environment by adding argon gas and adopting microwave pulse modulation to generate the plasma. We estimated the gas temperature and electron density of the plasma using optical emission spectroscopy. Our results implied that an increase in gas temperature alone hardly explained the enhancement of the growth rate by the argon addition or pulse modulation. In addition to the increase in the electron density due to the argon addition and pulse modulation, gas-phase chemical reaction calculations showed that the radical production enhancement became remarkable under an electron density higher than a threshold (1017 m−3). Therefore, the enhancement of the growth rate mentioned above may be attributed to electron-dominated reactions in the discharge region. These findings suggest that increasing the electron density can further improve the growth rate and potentially enable diamond synthesis at lower temperatures than traditional methods.

Implementasi ramah lingkungan di pusat kuliner pasar Kreneng Denpasar, Bali

This research aims to find out how the environmentally friendly concept is implemented and what must be improved to raise the awareness of eco-friendly behavior of the food stall runners at the culinary center of Kreneng night market in Denpasar. Environmentally friendly behavior or eco-friendly behavior refers to behavior that is not harmful to the environment. In terms of products, this means everything from production to packaging and marketing must be environmentally safe. Business activities that are not environmentally friendly can cause global warming. Furthermore, global warming means increasing the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere, sea, and land. The impact of global warming results in sea level rise, climate change, damage to organisms, and effects on water availability. The impact of environmental damage will chain if there is no effort to anticipate it. One way to anticipate ecosystem damage that needs to be done is implementing environmentally friendly behavior. An environmentally friendly lifestyle needs to be implemented in order to minimize damage to the ecosystem. Environmentally friendly business activities are currently being promoted throughout the world. Ecosystem damage affects economic, social problems, and even socio-political stability in a country and even the world and will have a direct or indirect impact on human life. This research is descriptive qualitative research. Data sources were obtained from library studies and direct interviews with business actors in the restaurant sector. From this research, it was found that several large restaurants, especially those located in 5-star hotel environments, have carried out business activities that indicate they are environmentally friendly by carrying out green actions, green food, and green donations.

Low Vapor Pressure Solvents for Single-Molecule Junction Measurements.

Nonpolar solvents commonly used in scanning tunneling microscope-based break junction measurements exhibit hazards and relatively low boiling points (bp) that limit the scope of solution experiments at elevated temperatures. Here we show that low toxicity, ultrahigh bp solvents such as bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (bp = 417 °C) and squalane (457 °C) can be used to probe molecular junctions at ≥100 °C. With these, we extend solvent- and temperature-dependent conductance trends for junction components such as 4,4'-bipyridine and thiomethyl-terminated oligophenylenes and reveal the gold snapback distance is larger at 100 °C due to increased surface atom mobility. We further show the rate of surface transmetalation and homocoupling reactions using phenylboronic acids increases at 100 °C, while junctions comprising anticipated boroxine condensation products form only at room temperature in an anhydrous glovebox atmosphere. Overall, this work demonstrates the utility of low vapor pressure solvents for the comprehensive characterization of junction properties and chemical reactivity at the single-molecule limit.

Climate change is associated with higher phytoplankton biomass and longer blooms in the West Antarctic Peninsula

The Antarctic Peninsula (West Antarctica) marine ecosystem has undergone substantial changes due to climate-induced shifts in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures since the 1950s. Using 25 years of satellite data (1998-2022), this study presents evidence that phytoplankton biomass and bloom phenology in the West Antarctic Peninsula are significantly changing as a response to anthropogenic climate change. Enhanced phytoplankton biomass was observed along the West Antarctic Peninsula, particularly in the early austral autumn, resulting in longer blooms. Long-term sea ice decline was identified as the main driver enabling phytoplankton growth in early spring and autumn, in parallel with a recent intensification of the Southern Annular Mode (2010-ongoing), which was observed to influence regional variability. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the complex interplay between environmental changes and phytoplankton responses in this climatically key region of the Southern Ocean and raise important questions regarding the far-reaching consequences that these ecological changes may have on global carbon sequestration and Antarctic food webs in the future.

Temperature retrieval of near space with the combined use of O2(a1Δg) and O2(b1∑+ g) dayglow emissions under self-absorption effect correction

Atmospheric temperature information in the near space is of great academic significance and engineering value to support the development and utilization of the near space. Based on the theory of O2 molecular dayglow spectroscopy and the mechanism of atmospheric radiative transfer, a method is proposed for the joint retrieval of temperature profiles in the near space using O2(a1Δg) and O2(b1∑+g) bands dayglow spectroscopy signal with the self-absorption effect. First, the temperature dependence of O2(a1Δg) and O2(b1∑+g) bands dayglow is investigated, and the influence of the self-absorption effect on the radiative transfer characteristics is analyzed in the limb-view mode. Then, with the use of the onion peeling algorithm, the dayglow emission spectra signals of the O2(a1Δg) and O2(b1∑+g) bands measured by the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) in the limb-viewing mode were processed, and combined with optimization algorithms, the temperature profiles from 35 km to 120 km is successfully retrieved. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of the self-absorption effect correction as well as the joint temperature retrieval were verified by comparing with temperature product data from remote sensing satellites such as Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER), Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier-Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), and Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). The error analysis shows that the temperature retrieval error after correction for the self-absorption effect is about 3 K minimum and 20 K maximum.

A mutated algal species of Isochrysis sp. obtained via atmospheric room temperature plasma mutagenesis promoted lipid accumulation through the abscisic acid pathway

Isochrysis sp. is an economically important algae rich in unsaturated fatty acids, but its susceptibility to strain degeneration poses challenges for practical applications. To address this, we used atmospheric room temperature plasma (ARTP) for mutagenesis, creating a stable mutant strain, Yield 8 (Y8), with rapid growth and high lipid content. Transcriptome analysis showed upregulation of genes in genetic information processes and metabolic pathways, with notable upregulation of long-chain fatty acid CoA ligase and acyl-CoA acyltransferase (ACAT), consistent with the trend of fatty acid accumulation. Interestingly, the expression levels of ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS), zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), and phosphatase 2C (PP2C) were upregulated in the Y8 mutant, indicating activation of the ABA pathway. Further, the increased endogenous ABA levels in Y8, along with a 1.17-fold increase in DHA and a 1.26-fold increase in ω3 fatty acids after exogenous ABA application, suggest that Y8's improved traits are mediated by the ABA pathway. These findings highlight Y8's potential for practical applications and further research.

Response of wild aquatic insect communities to thermal variation through comparative landscape transcriptomics.

Fluctuations in temperature are recognized as a potent driver of selection pressure, fostering genomic variations that are crucial for the adaptation and survival of organisms under selection. Notably, water temperature is a pivotal factor influencing aquatic organism persistence. By comprehending how aquatic organisms respond to shifts in water temperature, we can understand their potential physiological adaptations to environmental change in one or multiple species. This, in turn, contributes to the formulation of biologically relevant guidelines for the landscape scale transcriptome profile of organisms in lotic systems. Here, we investigated the distinct responses of seven stream stonefly species, collected from four geographical regions across Japan, to variations in temperature, including atmospheric and water temperatures. We achieved this by assessing the differences in gene expression through RNA-sequencing within individual species and exploring the patterns of community-genes among different species. We identified 735 genes that exhibited differential expressions across the temperature gradient. Remarkably, the community displayed expression levels differences of respiration and metabolic genes. Additionally, the diversity in molecular functions appeared to be linked to spatial variation, with water temperature differences potentially contributing to the overall functional diversity of genes. We found 22 community-genes with consistent expression patterns among species in response to water temperature variations. These genes related to respiration, metabolism and development exhibited a clear gradient providing robust evidence of divergent adaptive responses to water temperature. Our findings underscore the differential adaptation of stonefly species to local environmental conditions, suggesting that shared responses in gene expression may occur across multiple species under similar environmental conditions. This study emphasizes the significance of considering various species when assessing the impacts of environmental changes on aquatic insect communities and understanding potential mechanisms to cope with such changes.

The Influence of Atmospheric Air Temperature on the Consumption of Natural Gas in Terms of Heating Costs of a Single-Family Building – A Case Study

The Influence of Atmospheric Air Temperature on the Consumption of Natural Gas in Terms of Heating Costs of a Single-Family Building – A Case Study

Monthly climate prediction using deep convolutional neural network and long short-term memory

Climate change affects plant growth, food production, ecosystems, sustainable socio-economic development, and human health. The different artificial intelligence models are proposed to simulate climate parameters of Jinan city in China, include artificial neural network (ANN), recurrent NN (RNN), long short-term memory neural network (LSTM), deep convolutional NN (CNN), and CNN-LSTM. These models are used to forecast six climatic factors on a monthly ahead. The climate data for 72 years (1 January 1951–31 December 2022) used in this study include monthly average atmospheric temperature, extreme minimum atmospheric temperature, extreme maximum atmospheric temperature, precipitation, average relative humidity, and sunlight hours. The time series of 12 month delayed data are used as input signals to the models. The efficiency of the proposed models are examined utilizing diverse evaluation criteria namely mean absolute error, root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (R). The modeling result inherits that the proposed hybrid CNN-LSTM model achieves a greater accuracy than other compared models. The hybrid CNN-LSTM model significantly reduces the forecasting error compared to the models for the one month time step ahead. For instance, the RMSE values of the ANN, RNN, LSTM, CNN, and CNN-LSTM models for monthly average atmospheric temperature in the forecasting stage are 2.0669, 1.4416, 1.3482, 0.8015 and 0.6292 °C, respectively. The findings of climate simulations shows the potential of CNN-LSTM models to improve climate forecasting. Climate prediction will contribute to meteorological disaster prevention and reduction, as well as flood control and drought resistance.

Simulation and evaluation of ecosystem service value along the Yellow River in Henan Province, China

The unprecedented growth in population and swift industrial advancements exert considerable strains on the ecosystem, particularly within medium-sized and large urban landscapes. The critical investigation into the intricate links between current and prospective land utilization, as well as the ecosystem service value (ESV), holds considerable empirical relevance for the calibration of land usage frameworks, thereby contributing to the sustainable evolution of extensive urban zones. Utilizing GlobeLand 30 data, the present research probes into the pattern of land transformation and the spatial-temporal dispersal of ESV in Henan’s Yellow River vicinity over a span from 2000 to 2020. For the enhancement of land usage alignment, a Markov-PLUS fusion model was devised to gauge three disparate ESV transition scenarios slated for 2030, namely, natural development scenario (NDS), cropland protection scenario (CPS), and ecological protection scenario (EPS). The principal determinants of land transformation within the 2000–2020 period were recognized as elevation, populace concentration, and atmospheric temperature. Amid the rapid accretion of construction land engulfing substantial cropland and grassland areas, there was an ESV diminution to the tune of 1.432 billion RMB between 2000 and 2020. The ESV’s high-value regions were discerned within relatively undisturbed ecosystem zones, with the lower-value sections identified in cropland and constructed areas, where human interventions exerted pronounced effects on the ecosystem. In accordance with the 2030 land usage simulations and analyses, in contrast to alternative scenarios, the EPS exhibited the least fluctuation in land type alterations in 2030, demonstrated the most pronounced escalation in cold spot concentration, and reached a peak agglomeration level. This underscores that the EPS not only offers a refinement in land utilization configuration but also mediates the equilibrium between economic and ecological considerations. The insights derived from this investigation afford innovative evaluative methods for spatial planning, ecological recompense, and sustainable land exploitation within large- and medium-scale urban domains.