ATM Users Research Articles

QUEUING EFFICACY OF AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES OPERATIONS ON MARKET PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN RIVER STATE, NIGERIA

Generally, this study examines the queuing efficacy of ATMs operations on market performance of selected deposit money banks in Rivers State. Specifically, the study investigates how queuing efficiency affects customers’ patronage of money deposit banks in River State. Data were collected from selected ATM users at urban centres in River State. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to discuss the findings which explain that Queuing Efficacy will increase customers’ patronage of banks in River State. The result presented shows that Queuing Efficacy had a positive relationship with customers’ patronage which its relationship was statistically significant at p = .000 [R = .267, p <.05]. This indicates that service rate and customers’ patronage move in the same direction, that as service rate increases, customers’ patronage also increases. The model R2 (coefficient of determination) was 0.071 indicates that service rate explained 7.1% of the variance observed in customers’ patronage. Keywords: Customer Loyalty, Self Efficacy and Market Value Ratio.

DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE PATENT FINGERPRINT USING ALCOHOL GEL AND THERMAL PAPER

Fingerprints are unique structures made up of a combination of friction ridges and are varied for everyone. Due to the individual characteristics of fingerprints, it is used for identification. Traditionally, patent fingerprints are obtained using an ink pad. With the emergence of COVID-19, bank has started to provide hand sanitisers for users of ATM. Some ATM users will use an ATM, pull the ATM receipt, and proceed to clean their hands using the complimentary hand sanitisers. Unintentionally, these steps will produce a receipt with the user’s fingerprints. Hence forth, this research aims to study the possibility of obtaining fingerprints from various thermal receipt papers after a finger had contacted with hand sanitisers. Six donors were requested to deposit their fingerprints on different types of thermal paper using different brands of hand sanitisers. Quality scores were given to show the fingerprint quality difference generated using various combinations of thermal paper and hand sanitisers. The result showed that patent fingerprints developed using hand sanitiser and thermal paper were of lower quality than the standard (ink pad). Combination of alcohol-based hand sanitiser, which consists of 70% alcohol concentration and ATM receipt paper was found to be able to produce the best quality fingerprint among the studied combinations.

Financial Innovation and Restriction Hypothesis in the Banking Industry: Evidence from ASEAN- 5

This study investigates the financial innovation impact on bank market power in ASEAN banking from 2008 to 2018. It uses income diversification as a representative of financial innovation. The impact of countries’ development of financial innovation on market power is measured by the number of ATM, internet, and cellular phone users. The data panel regression model reveals that diversified banks may enjoy higher market power. This result rejects the banking restriction activity hypothesis, which states that a bank that diversifies its income stream results in increased competition. A higher number of available ATMs and more internet users lowers the percentage disparity of price and marginal cost and consequently increases the market competitiveness. Nevertheless, an increasing number of cellular users in the country increases market power. Conjecturally, more people use the online bank platform on their cellular phones, which creates a greater flow of fees to the bank.

Detecting Abnormal Activities in ATM Centres

Abstract: A given user enters the ATM, conducts the various tasks that are available, such as withdrawing cash, checking the balance in their bank account, and many other things. This is how an ATM of a particular bank operates in today's world, and it is not that difficult. In this study, we concentrate on what is overlooked amidst this normalised situation. A user may enter the ATM with his or her face partially or completely covered, making it impossible for the security camera that might be installed in that space to identify that person's facial features. In addition, there may be unlawful acts going on in the room without anyone taking urgent action to stop them or regulate them. Some users might bring illegal firearms into the ATM room, which might not even be seen by the installed CCTV camera. In this study, we want to enhance the facial recognition of ATM users such that their faces can be recognised even when partially or completely hidden. Then, if a certain user enters the room carrying an illegal weapon, a trigger should be sent to the neighbourhood police station. This is part of our effort to improve weapon detection

Evaluation of Cashless Policy in Nigeria: The Pros and Cons

The essence of this paper is to evaluate the practice of cashless policy that was introduced almost a decade ago in Nigeria. It was discovered through literature that the security threats of ATM users and the inappropriate use of POS is at an alarming rate. The paper used a structured questionnaire as a means of data collection and the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the use of mean, median, and percentage. The results indicate that the awareness level is almost globally known however, there are still more technological devices and development that is needed for Nigerians to be considered among the top 20 economies by the year 2020 to drive development and modernization of our payment system in line with the Nigerian vision. Based on the findings some recommendations made were: POS should be approved only for the unbanked areas, panic alert buttons should be included in the ATMs, comprehensive insurance should be available for ATM cash hijackers.

The effect of web-related features on intention to use online banking of ATM users

This study aimed to determine the intention of ATM users in Jordan to use internet banking services by investigating the effect of web-related features on their intention to use internet banking. The study sample was randomly selected. The results indicated that the level of internet banking usage among employees who use the ATM service is still underutilized. Also, computer self-efficacy significantly mitigated the effect of perceived risk, website quality, and perceived benefit on customers' intent to use online banking but did not significantly mitigate the impact of perceived use and compatibility on customers' intent to use online banking. The results can be useful for commercial banks that have implemented online banking in all their applications or are planning to do so. The study also provides benefits to academic researchers interested in the topic researched, commercial banks, commercial bank customers.

Advanced ATM Robbery Prevention using Neural Network and IoT Technologies

The basic idea behind the project is to develop a system which is automated and provides the most advanced security features in places like ATM. The project aims to give access to ATM’s for only those who follow the rules of the ATM usage that is preventing access to ATM for those wearing helmet. CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) Algorithm is used for identification like carrying any weapon, wearing helmet and mask identifications. Weapon detection using Tensor Flow increases the safety of ATM users and also increases the safety to the machine itself. In addition to the present, security to the machine is provided using a vibration sensor that is used to detect the movement of the machine just in case machine theft or Broken. Upon detection of the theft, the siren will begin alerting the public and door will be closed. Within the ATM chamber, the Solenoid valve is employed to leak the gas (Chloroform) to hold the thief into the unconscious stage. In addition to this, features like buzzer and alert notification to relevant security personnel is provided to enhance the security. The stepper motor controls the opening and closing of the ATM door. With help of above-mentioned attributes, law enforcement department authorities can guess the person involved in crime scene. And those suspected person images are captured, who are carrying weapons in an ATM, sent by mail to the authorized person respectively.

Face Detection Opencv Based ATM Security System

The Aim of this paper is to bolster security of the traditional cash dispenser machine (ATM) model. So a replacement is proposed that enhances the general expertise, usability and convenience of the group action at the ATM. ATM are wide used these days by the people however its exhausting to hold their ATM card all over. The user might forget their ATM PIN number. This paper is developed for identification and authentication of ATM users so creating face as key. Options like face recognition, image steganography and mobile application management are used for sweetening of privacy of users and security of accounts. Face recognition technology helps the machine to spot each and every user unambiguously. Image steganography is the technique used for the image of user by embedding it into an another image and keep. Its one among the ways utilized to guard the image of users from malicious attacks and hackers. The mobile application helps the particular account holders to supply permission to others to do the ATM transactions. The mobile application contains options like secret key and amount withdrawal to offer confirmation. It helps folks to access another person’s ATM account in emergency with their authentication. This utterly eliminates all the possibilities of fraud thanks to larceny and duplicity of the ATM cards. Moreover, the experiment is that the method in ATM security framework to enhance security and innovative ATM group action.

Enhancing Security of Automated Teller Machines Using Biometric Authentication: A Case of a Sub-Saharan University

A wide variety of systems need reliable personal recognition systems to either authorize or determine the identity of an individual demanding their services. The goal of such systems is to warrant that the rendered services are accessed only by a genuine user and no one else.In the absence of robust personal recognition schemes, these systems are vulnerable to the deceits of an impostor. The ATM has suffered a lot over the years against PIN theft and other associated ATM frauds. In this research is proposed a fingerprint and PIN based authentication arrangement to enhance the security and safety of the ATM and its users. The proposed system demonstrates a three-tier design structure. The first tier is the verification module, which concentrates on the enrollment phase, enhancement phase, feature extraction and matching of the fingerprints. The second tier is the database end which acts as a storehouse for storing the fingerprints of all ATM users preregistered as templates. The last tier presents a system platform to relate banking transactions such as balance enquiries, mini statement and withdrawal. The system is developed to run on Microsoft windows Xp or higher and all systems with .NET framework employing C# programming language, Microsoft Visio studio 2010 and SQL server 2008. The simulated results showed 96% accuracy, the simulation overlooked the absence of a cash tray. The findings of this research will be meaningful to Banks and other financial institutions. Keywords : SQL Server, ATM, Fraud, .NET framework, financial institutions DOI : 10.7176/IKM/9-7-02 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

An Empirical Study Analyzing the ATM Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction Relationship in Rwanda

ATM as one type of Electronic banking systems have become a strategic technology in the banking sector by delivering banking products/services and are expected to offer competitive advantages to banks investing in ATM technology over those that do not. In Rwanda, the cash-based system is now gradually being replaced by the card-based system and this requires banks to improve ATM service quality to satisfy customers. The aim of this paper was to conduct empirical evidence from ATM cardholders of five selected commercial banks in Rwanda to analyze the relationship between ATM service quality and customer satisfaction. To achieve this objective, a structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data of 250 ATM users in five commercial banks from Kigali, capital city of Rwanda (Bank of Kigali, Cogebanque, Equity Bank, Banque Populaire du Rwanda Limited and Ecobank). The questionnaire consists mainly of 32 constructs observed under seven ATM service quality dimensions (Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, Tangibles, ease of use and Convenience) and a five-point rating scale was adopted as the scale for the statements formulated in the questionnaire. Findings showed that 70.8% of respondents were under or equal to 35 years old which presents a range of youths in Rwanda. From the results, 70% of respondents claimed that they have never been educated on utilization of ATMs. Using SPSS, customer satisfaction has shown a strong correlation with all seven ATM service quality. The multiple regression results identified ease of use as the most important dimension on customer satisfaction and it was followed by convenience, empathy and Tangibles. Therefore, it is suggested that banks could improve their customer satisfaction ratings by educating customers to use ATM and not forget other important improvements in automated teller machine banking services.

Ergonomics Estimation and Dimensions of ATM Usage in Pakistan

Objectives: Currently different models with different dimensions of Automated Teller Machine installed in Pakistan. This research finds problems in existing ATM’s dimensions and their suitability will be evaluated by applying ergonomics principles on anthropometric measurement of Pakistan population. Methods/Statistical Analysis: We measured the different dimensions of ATMs used in Pakistan and anthropometric measurements of Pakistani people. We will consider the neutral and awkward postures of elbow, shoulder, wrist, spine, neck and back. The last step is to compare the ATM machine’s dimensions used in Pakistan and anthropometric measurement of people of Pakistan, apply ergonomic rules in order to reduce the gap between ATM users of Pakistan and ATM machines used in Pakistan. Findings: By including all dimensions of ATM’s, anthropometric measurements, calculating mean and standard deviation we have come to know that there is a huge difference between dimensions of ATM’s currently used in Pakistan and dimensions that are recommended in this paper. This difference leads us to make a standard that is suitable especially for people of Pakistan. Application: It is strongly recommended to adopt this standard which is based on anthropometric measurements of Pakistani people. Keywords: Anthropometric Measurement, ATM Dimensions, Ergonomic Principles, Pakistan

The Impact Of Information Quality And Ergonomics On Service Quality In The Use Of Automatic Teller Machines

The introduction of automatic teller machines (henceforth ATMs) brought dramatic changes in the way people do banking. ATMs have become a daily necessity and they are widely used for their convenience and accessibility. However, there have been several major challenges and issues faced in delivering quality service in ATM banking. Since the use of ATMs involves an exchange of information between a machine and a customer, this study investigated the impact of information quality (i.e., quality of information the machine provides) and ergonomics (i.e., design quality of the machine) to the service quality of ATMs. To this end, the study geared towards providing an improvement framework for the ATM design to improve service quality. A random survey among ATM users in Metro Manila was conducted to gather data with regard to their usage and perceived service quality of ATMs. Through statistical analyses, it was found that ATM usage varied according to age, education and socio-economic status of customers. ATM users were typically young, more literate and have higher economic status. More importantly, it was found that components of information and ergonomic qualities had fair influence to service quality, with just a few components having significant impact.

Ease of use, security concerns and attitudes as antecedents of customer satisfaction in ATM banking

This study examines the influence of ease of use, security concerns and attitudes on South African consumers’ satisfaction with ATM banking services. Participants of the study were solicited through electronic mailing list of ATM users in South Africa. These participants were provided with a website link that directed them to an online survey hosted by Qualtrics. A total of 224 participants from the various provinces of South Africa responded. This study confirms that customer satisfaction is linked to security concerns, attitudes and ease of use. Overall, the results indicate that the respondents were satisfied with ATM banking services. Since there is a shortage of research on customer satisfaction with ATM banking services in South Africa, an area often neglected by South African researchers, this study contributes to knowledge available in the existing literature. Keywords: ATM banking, customer satisfaction, ease of use, security, attitudes. JEL Classification: G21, M31

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEPUASAN PENGGUNA ATM BNI SYARIAH DI BANJARMASIN

The amount obtained from customer satisfaction customer satisfaction score which states any one customer to several factors: ease of BNI Syariah bank ATM card, ATM card facilities and location BNI Syariah BNI bank ATM machines. The research was conducted through primary data collection with tools questionnaire, given to the customers BNI Syariah Branch ATM users Banjarmasin. The data obtained is then tabulated to obtain the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable used. The results and analysis indicate that all the independent variables are used together proven and partially affect customer satisfaction as well as the factors most dominant influence customer satisfaction that BNI bank ATM locations.

Quality of service mapping to ATM network protocols

Quality of service mapping is one of the crucial elements in ATM concept of wide networks. In this paper QoS parameters mapping to ATM network protocols are described. Mapping is made between QoS user and QoS application, and application QoS is mapped to QoS transfer and commutation i.e. to ATM protocols - ATM adaptation layer protocols and finally it is mapped to ATM network performances. Analysis of this QoS mapping parameters process is very important for ATM users when they are choosing classes of service that can be used in communication process through ATM network. .

IMA: technical foundations, application and performance analysis

Using WAN established infrastructure, one of the main problems ATM network planners and users face, when greater than T1/ E1 bandwidth is required, is the disproportionate cost associated with T3/ E3 links. The technology to cover the gap between T1/ E1 and T3/ E3 bandwidth at a reasonable cost is known as inverse multiplexing for ATM (IMA). IMA allows multiple T1/ E1 lines to be aggregated to support the transparent transmission of ATM cells over one single virtual trunk. In this paper, the fundamentals and major applications of IMA technology are described. Also, the behavior of IMA multiplexers is carefully analyzed and a method to dimension them proposed. For this purpose, an IMA simulation tool has been developed. The IMA simulator permits the study of individual devices and the evaluation of the end-to-end performance of a logical trunk under several ATM input traffic patterns. The analytical study is based on the comparison with an M/ D/ C/( N+ C) queue system. Under Poisson input traffic, an approximation for the cell loss ratio (CLR) is derived and an estimate of the cell delay in an IMA multiplexer obtained. In addition, the suitability of these results for two types of bursty traffic is investigated.

ATM user attitudes: a neural network analysis

Shows how neural networks can bring together psychometric and econometric approaches to the measurement of attitudes and perceptions. Uses a neural network to analyse data collected from a sample of ATM users on their perceptions of ATM service. Uses the weights of connections from input nodes to hidden nodes to label the hidden nodes to represent particular respondent attitudes. Uses the network to analyse the impact of explanatory (input layer) variables on the hidden layer attributes, and through these on the endogenous (output layer) variables ‐ satisfaction with ATMs, likelihood of recommendation to others, extent and frequency of use. Defines four user types, characterized as “disaffected youth”, “technophobes”, the “pro‐technology” segment, and the “cost conscious” segment. Gives some ideas on how banks could address the needs of each segment.

Automated Machines Designed to Interface with the Extremely Resistant Population

Automated machines facing the general public's daily life (i.e., ATMs) have become common elements of environments. Even with the continued growth, some institutions still find it difficult to get more than half of their customers to use the machine regularly. This paper presents an optimized interface for an automated teller machine designed to attract even the extremely resistant user. To accomplish this task, information was gathered from non ATM users in addition to the regular customers of such machines. Several existing machines were critiqued based on the needs of non ATM users in addition to the generally accepted human factors criteria. Design solutions were generated for all desirable elements, such as input and output devices characteristics, aesthetics, etc. Designed were tested using the method of pair-comparison, the chosen ATM design is believed to enhance ease of use, accessibility, and overall productivity of such units for virtually the entire spectrum of ATM users.