ATM Usage Research Articles

Financial Inclusion and Nigerian Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation (2001-2021)

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth in Nigeria. the study used an ex-post facto research design and investigated variables such as credit to the private sector (CPS), ATM transactions(ATM), and gross domestic product (GDP) as indicator variables for financial inclusion and economic growth, respectively. The Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria, provided the annual time series statistics on private credit, ATM usage, and GDP from 2001 – 2021. Using the ordinary least square (OLS) approach, the data were examined. The study established credit to the private sector is positively related to economic growth and is statistically significant, However, ATM transactions have a positive and statistically insignificant relationship with economic growth in Nigeria The study suggests that monetary authorities implement measures to promote and increase the availability of credit to the private sector. r e.g., through reducing interest rates to levels that are conducive to growth objectives as this will favor economic development.

The Effect of Online Banking on Ethiopia's Commercial Banks' Bottom Lines

Purpose: Examining how electronic banking affects the bottom lines of Ethiopia's commercial banks was the primary motivation for this research. The study's overarching goal is to analyse the effect on commercial banking in Ethiopia of a number of variables including ATM usage, debit card acceptance at points of sale, mobile and internet banking, bank size, and management effectiveness.
 Methodology: Over the course of 2018–2022, this study focused on nine commercial banks as its primary unit of analysis. These nine commercial banks were chosen with care since they provided complete data and information during the study period. In our investigation, we used a special type of data called panel data. Separate electronic banking services such as ATMs, mobile banking, point of sale (POS), debit cards (DC), and internet banking (IB), as well as bank size and managerial efficiency, serve as supplementary controls in this investigation. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to help the study reach its goal. Mean, variance, and standard deviation are some of the central tendency measures that have been used in the study's descriptive analysis. Static panel data models were used for the econometric analysis in this work. These included the pooled ordinary least squares (POLS), fixed effect, and random effect models.
 Results: Commercial banks' performance, as measured by return on asset (ROA), is negatively impacted by the logarithm of mobile banking and management efficiency, according to the fixed effect model. ROA is positively and significantly impacted by bank size and the logarithmic prevalence of internet banking. For this reason, commercial banks could benefit from revaluating certain of their electronic banking offerings, especially mobile banking.

Fingerprint Recognition for Future ATM Security

Today, it is typical to need to identify and validate a person in order to use a safe box, operate a vehicle, access a bank account via an ATM, or carry out other operations that call for the protection of personal information. The accuracy and dependability of traditional methods, such as ID card verification or signature, are lacking. The systems in use at these places must be rapid and dependable. The usage of ATMs, which allow users to conveniently exchange banknotes, is now met with a new challenge: guaranteeing that users can maintain a valid identification. Customers are experiencing financial losses as a result of the increase in criminal cases brought about by antiquated ATM identification procedures. Our system’s main objective is to improve the usability and security of online transactions. Today, the application of biometric technologies is expanding swiftly. Biometrics is used for personal identification. Here, we are allowing user’s access to an ATM by means of a biometric fingerprint scanner. The Bank enters a fingerprint’s information into a database during the enrolment procedure. The bank provides authentication to the customer, which they can use to conduct transactions. If a fingerprint match in the database occurs, transactions take place. The transaction will be cancelled if, following verification, the fingerprint does not match. The user of a fingerprint-based ATM machine can conduct secure transactions.

Ease of use and standardisation on potential usage of ATMs in Bahrain

Ease of use and standardisation on potential usage of ATMs in Bahrain

Ease of use and standardisation on potential usage of ATMs in Bahrain

Ease of use and standardisation on potential usage of ATMs in Bahrain

Diffusion of Banking Products in Financial Inclusion Linked Savings Accounts: A Case Study Based on Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana in India

The slow rate of adoption of savings and transaction accounts opened under financial inclusion programmes is a challenge for policymakers across the globe. We use the experience of a large-scale financial inclusion programme in India—Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)—to model the adoption of simple banking products, namely deposit, withdrawal, fund transfer and ATM usage. Based on account-level transaction data, we create a dataset to capture the adoption of each product over time. We use this data to estimate three growth models: Bass, Gompertz and logistic. The Bass model which is based on diffusion of innovations theory is found to be the best fit across products. The role of social influence in the diffusion of the four products studied is found to be much lower when compared to other products in subsistence marketplaces. Social network effect is comparatively stronger in the adoption of fund transfer and ATM. We discuss the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and contend that information transfer by word of mouth and network effects are the most probable reasons for the observed adoption behaviour.

Advanced ATM Robbery Prevention using Neural Network and IoT Technologies

The basic idea behind the project is to develop a system which is automated and provides the most advanced security features in places like ATM. The project aims to give access to ATM’s for only those who follow the rules of the ATM usage that is preventing access to ATM for those wearing helmet. CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) Algorithm is used for identification like carrying any weapon, wearing helmet and mask identifications. Weapon detection using Tensor Flow increases the safety of ATM users and also increases the safety to the machine itself. In addition to the present, security to the machine is provided using a vibration sensor that is used to detect the movement of the machine just in case machine theft or Broken. Upon detection of the theft, the siren will begin alerting the public and door will be closed. Within the ATM chamber, the Solenoid valve is employed to leak the gas (Chloroform) to hold the thief into the unconscious stage. In addition to this, features like buzzer and alert notification to relevant security personnel is provided to enhance the security. The stepper motor controls the opening and closing of the ATM door. With help of above-mentioned attributes, law enforcement department authorities can guess the person involved in crime scene. And those suspected person images are captured, who are carrying weapons in an ATM, sent by mail to the authorized person respectively.

Survey on Bank Note Recognition for Smart Transaction

The usage and existential dependence on banknote withdrawals have increased worldwide. It is actually, to an extent, impossible to perform any transactions without withdrawal of banknotes. The usage of ATM to transact this money has increased worldwide since the last decade too. Though the usage of ATMs’ has significantly increased, it is fairly impossible for the visually challenged to perform ATM transactions without the help of a third-party. Most of the problems arise when the visually challenged request for help or are uncertain of what they do. So, to prevent any security breaches or issues like that, an optical based banknote recognition system can be used. With the help of the system, image recognition can be performed to extract banknote features and Optical Character Recognition can be performed to identify the amount entered, thus, making the entire transaction process easy.

A Cashless Policy and Economic Development in Nigeria

A cashless economy is an environment in which money is spent without being physically carried from one place to another. It is meant to be an economic setting where services and goods are paid for via electronic which includes credit cards, bank transfer and Cheques, with no bill or money handed from one person to another. The cashless policy was introduced in January 2012, the robust interest which the policy has generated is surprising considering the effects on the business environment and particularly lives of ordinary Nigerians. The study showed that cashless policy reduces the movement of cash through usage of ATM, fund transfer, mobile banking. It helps financial transactions to be done without delay, it reduces money laundering. The study indicated that there is a very weak positive relationship between cash movement, joint effect of delivery of financial transactions and cashless policy (R= 0.245) and the model is not significant. However, for the relationship between internet availability, cashless policy and cash movement, the relationship between cash movement, the joint effect of internet availability and cashless policy is also weak ( R = 0.295 ). The model is also significant. The policy is faced with challenges ranging from erratic power supply, electronic fraud, lack of adequate sensitization, poor internet services, high rate of illiteracy and computerization. The benefits include but not limited to reduction in revenue leakages, it helps to reduce cash related crimes, the cost of handling cash is reduced to the barest minimum

Economic and Financial Implications of E-Banking in India

Electronic Banking act, perhaps, the newest ways to provide comfort to the customer in regards to fiscal transactions. The significant idea is to provide a movement of organizations to the customer in the course of the web and cause the customer to feel versatile in getting out straightforward undertakings quicker rather than step over the bank unfailingly. Now, assured, for the most part, pleasing and less danger orchestrated looked by using banking parts the utilization of E-commerce. Electronic Banking is treated to significantly influence banks’ exhibition. An ever-increasing number of individuals are adjusting to this procedure, and the financial business will unquestionably expand. The development of E-Banking started with the usage of ATMs and has incorporated mobile banking, direct invoice section, E-store, and online banking. The present research shows that effective use based on Electronic Banking can empower their nearest banks to reduce working costs and give an unrivaled and snappy help of their customer. It gives a comprehension into various piece of Electronic Banking. The move from the proper banking to Electronic Banking has been a striking change in Indian financial history. In this way, Electronic Banking today ends up being a solid creative instrument in conveying refined and improved administrations to clients. This examination uncovers that the economic and financial implications associated with Electronic Banking in India.

Exposure to and usage of e-banking channels

PurposeEmphasis of previous research on e-banking has been on factors that influence its adoption or constraints to the adoption or the extent to which customer awareness influences its adoption. This study investigated “Exposure to/usage of e-banking channels: Implications for customer awareness and attitude in Nigeria”. The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which consumers’ exposure to and usage of e-banking channels influence their awareness and attitude towards e-banking in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the quantitative research design; specifically, the conclusive research design was used and data collection was done through the survey method. The population of the study consisted of the customers of EcoBank, First bank and Zenith bank in Edo, Kogi and Kwara states of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit the desired data from 480 respondents selected from 30 branches of 3 banks in two states. One sample t test was used to test for significance of the usage of e-banking channels to customers’ awareness and attitude towards e-banking. Subsequently, regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive power of the e-banking channels.FindingsCustomers’ exposure to and usage of ATM, internet banking and mobile banking has significant influence on consumers’ attitude towards e-banking in Nigeria. In view of the findings, a modified model of customer usage and attitude towards e-banking in Nigeria is proposed.Research limitations/implicationsThe customer’s inability to exercise absolute right on the banking option to use at all times and the non-inclusion of other channels of e-banking whose usage can influence consumers’ awareness and attitude towards e-banking.Practical implicationsThe need for financial institutions, especially banks, to expose their customers to e-banking channels to demystify their fears as well as increase their awareness and thus influence their attitude to e-banking.Social implicationsExposure of bank customers to e-banking will reduce cash transactions and thus help to significantly reduce social vices associated with physical cash, especially armed robbery.Originality/valueThe work is a departure from previous studies because it is the only one that has emphazised exposure to e-banking as a solution to awareness creation and positive attitude of customers. Its value lies in its potential to make e-banking user friendly in no distance time.

Implementation of Antitheft ATM Machine using Embedded System

Within the trendy state of affairs, money transaction is as a rule achieved with the usage of ATM. A mechanized teller machine or computerized teller laptop (ATM) is an automated media transmission system that offers a cash related groundwork's clients a secured method for performing budgetary exchanges in an open space with RFID peruser and GSM . Using an ATM, customers can reach their fiscal balances with the highest aim in intellect to gain money withdrawals and check their report equalizations. The customer then proves his identity by showing RFID tag to a peruser, then a signal is sent to sign up for that account's customer, with the main objective of "Please register pin and amount," after getting the email, then the structure approves PIN amount and after that approaches the trade, if missiles will not prepare alternatively and submit a response signal as invalid insert. After the swap is complete, the engine will pivot up to the purchaser to send compulsory add up. Concerned person will get a message through SMS by way of GSM with regard to verification and cash exchange. ATMsecurity framework utilising GSM Module is among the interesting issues in inserted frameworks industry .For giving safety at ATMs GSM Module are controlled with the aid of utilizing Microcontroller .Typically essentially the most valuable thing to think concerning the worldwide framework for versatile correspondence is that it's a universal common. On the off hazard that you simply go in parts of world, mobile service available is GSM handiest.

How Does a Retail Payment Account Consumer Changes over Time? Usage Rate Behavioral Segmentation from 2010 till 2016 in the Czech Republic

The paper is focused on retail payment account consumers with account access via e-banking. Firstly, the goal is to provide payment account usage profiles at the level of payment instruments. Secondly, to assess the development of identified profiles during the crisis and post-crisis year 2010-2016 in the Czech Republic. The two-step cluster analysis sample segmented 16,392 individual payment account usage records. Three clusters were identified: price-driven, active, and low balance/overdraft user. The clusters were mainly separated by an ATM usage and average balance. Payment instruments showed a less significant difference. The first cluster showed exclusive preference of own bank’s ATM network. The second cluster manifested the highest usage frequencies and the broadest range of services. The third cluster had average account balance below zero with most of the consumers declaring an average balance from €-925 to €370. A steady trend of change was found regarding the demand structure. The price-driven profile was a mainstream consumer segment till 2014. The active consumer segment became dominant in 2015 due to a steady trend of price-driven profile share loss. The third cluster’s share remained stable over the surveyed period. The next change in consumer typology was related to the usage rate. All clusters showed an increase in ATM usage over time. Price-driven cluster steadily increased ATM withdrawal abroad from technical zero to 0.4 per month. Active profile and low balance/overdraft user increased domestic ATM usage by almost one withdrawal per month. Direct payments showed an increase over time as well. Direct payments shared trend of increase in average by one payment per month, in a case of the price-driven profile by two.

Determinants of Automated Teller Machine Usage in Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract Research has shown that ATMs provide an extremely useful service to customers but the machine is characterized by several service quality inadequacies, and at times it can be very frustrating to use. Consequently, this study investigated socio-demographic factors and service quality dimensions as determinants of ATM usage in Lagos State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to collect data from bank customers who use ATM and the data were analysed using General Linear Model (GLM) and multiple regression. The results from the analyses reveal that socio-demographic factors, such as age, education, and income, influence ATM usage, while gender and occupation do not influence ATM usage. The study also revealed that all the service quality dimensions identified in the study have a significant positive influence on ATM usage. When the joint effect of socio-demographic factors and service quality dimensions on ATM usage was assessed, it was found that service quality had a greater influence on ATM usage than socio-demographic factors.

Determinants of Automated Teller Machine Usage in Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract Research has shown that ATMs provide an extremely useful service to customers but the machine is characterized by several service quality inadequacies, and at times it can be very frustrating to use. Consequently, this study investigated socio-demographic factors and service quality dimensions as determinants of ATM usage in Lagos State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to collect data from bank customers who use ATM and the data were analysed using General Linear Model (GLM) and multiple regression. The results from the analyses reveal that socio-demographic factors, such as age, education, and income, influence ATM usage, while gender and occupation do not influence ATM usage. The study also revealed that all the service quality dimensions identified in the study have a significant positive influence on ATM usage. When the joint effect of socio-demographic factors and service quality dimensions on ATM usage was assessed, it was found that service quality had a greater influence on ATM usage than socio-demographic factors.

Development and validation of a multivendor ATM adoption model in India

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to find out the adoption level of multivendor ATM technology among customers and second, to develop and validate a model to explain the multivendor ATM usage in India.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a conceptual model on adoption of multivendor ATM technology was developed by referring relevant literature. Scale items for each construct of the model were culled from relevant literature sources. A pilot survey was conducted to validate the constructs. The survey was conducted online using Surveymonkey that garnered response from 136 respondents. The pilot survey data were analyzed to find the reliability and validity of the scales, based on which few items were dropped to improve the construct’s validity. The revised instrument was used to conduct the final survey, which was closed after collection of 543 responses. On screening for completeness, and normality test, 372 responses were retained for data analysis.FindingsThe major findings from analysis of the screened 372 responses were: awareness emerged as a significant factor influencing usage behavior and other perceptual factors; perception of personalized features influenced the attitude as well as usage behavior of the customers; personal control dimensions such as outcome desirability and controllability influenced both perceptual variables and usage behavior; and no relationship was found among attitude, intention and usage behavior, which contradicted findings of some studies in this area, thus creating the ground to understand multivendor ATM usage behavior. The findings have been discussed further.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study can be useful for banks and suppliers in understanding the adoption of their ATM technology by their customers that would help them initiate activities to enhance the adoption of the technology and increase their customer base. The findings will also encourage suppliers and banks to add more personalized features in this technology.Originality/valueMultivendor technology is at its nascent stage in India and this study is the first of its kind. The model developed here is an extension of technology acceptance model (TAM) with the introduction of some new variables such as perception of personalized features and personal control. This study also reveals that some of the hypotheses of original TAM model may not fit in the context of the technology where usage behavior is habitual and lifestyle oriented.

Ergonomics Estimation and Dimensions of ATM Usage in Pakistan

Objectives: Currently different models with different dimensions of Automated Teller Machine installed in Pakistan. This research finds problems in existing ATM’s dimensions and their suitability will be evaluated by applying ergonomics principles on anthropometric measurement of Pakistan population. Methods/Statistical Analysis: We measured the different dimensions of ATMs used in Pakistan and anthropometric measurements of Pakistani people. We will consider the neutral and awkward postures of elbow, shoulder, wrist, spine, neck and back. The last step is to compare the ATM machine’s dimensions used in Pakistan and anthropometric measurement of people of Pakistan, apply ergonomic rules in order to reduce the gap between ATM users of Pakistan and ATM machines used in Pakistan. Findings: By including all dimensions of ATM’s, anthropometric measurements, calculating mean and standard deviation we have come to know that there is a huge difference between dimensions of ATM’s currently used in Pakistan and dimensions that are recommended in this paper. This difference leads us to make a standard that is suitable especially for people of Pakistan. Application: It is strongly recommended to adopt this standard which is based on anthropometric measurements of Pakistani people. Keywords: Anthropometric Measurement, ATM Dimensions, Ergonomic Principles, Pakistan

The Impact Of Information Quality And Ergonomics On Service Quality In The Use Of Automatic Teller Machines

The introduction of automatic teller machines (henceforth ATMs) brought dramatic changes in the way people do banking. ATMs have become a daily necessity and they are widely used for their convenience and accessibility. However, there have been several major challenges and issues faced in delivering quality service in ATM banking. Since the use of ATMs involves an exchange of information between a machine and a customer, this study investigated the impact of information quality (i.e., quality of information the machine provides) and ergonomics (i.e., design quality of the machine) to the service quality of ATMs. To this end, the study geared towards providing an improvement framework for the ATM design to improve service quality. A random survey among ATM users in Metro Manila was conducted to gather data with regard to their usage and perceived service quality of ATMs. Through statistical analyses, it was found that ATM usage varied according to age, education and socio-economic status of customers. ATM users were typically young, more literate and have higher economic status. More importantly, it was found that components of information and ergonomic qualities had fair influence to service quality, with just a few components having significant impact.

A Case Study: The Usage of ATM Services of selected Banks in Goa

This study aims at identifying the factors affecting the ATM usage of bank account holders in the state of Goa. The sample size for the purpose of this study has been taken considered at 252 respondents whose responses have been collected through a well structured questionnaire developed online as well as offline. The respondents surveyed are from the Salcete Taluka of the state of Goa. The results indicate that the gender attributes did not play a significatan role in the usage of ATM cards, while noticeably socio-economic attributes such as education level, education background, age, income along with the demographic profile has a significant positive influence

ASSESSING BUSINESS PROCESS RE-ENGINEERING IN PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS THROUGH AN ANALYSIS OF ATM TRANSACTIONS

Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) technique implements organizational change based on the close coordination of a methodology for rapid change, employee empowerment and training and support through information technology. Alternate Delivery Channels are a part of BPR in public and private sector banks in India and includes ATMs, Automated Cheque Deposit Machines, Green Channel Counter Machines (GCCs), Cash Deposit Machines (CDMs) and Barcode Passbook Printers. ATM cash dispensing machines have revolutionised the very concept of money withdrawal. This research paper tries to compare the cost of routine manual banking transaction with the ATM transaction through cost-benefit analysis with the objective of finding out advantages of promoting ATM usage and migrating more and more customers to the ATM channel. ATM transactions have been on the rise easing the process of withdrawal and transfer of money for the common man. This has also been of help to the banking service providers, connected customers and efficient payment for the sellers of goods and services as ATM machines have come up close to markets.