Motivation Of Athletes Research Articles

Motivation and confidence of East Java indoor hockey athletes in facing the U-21 National Championship

<p>Atlet hockey memiliki empat aspek penting yang harus dipersiapkan dalam menghadapi sebuah kejuaraan diataranya teknik, taktik, fisik dan mental (psikologis). Psikologis seorang atlet yang harus diperhatikan yaitu motivasi dan kepercayaan diri. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat motivasi dan kepercayaan diri atlet hockey indoor (hoki ruangan) Jawa Timur dalam menghadapi kejuaraan nasional U-21 tahun 2022 serta mengetahui hasil perbandingan tingkat motivasi dan kepercayaan diri antara tim putra dan tim putri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah 12 atlet putra dan 12 atlet putri hockey indoor Jawa Timur yang akan menghadapi kejuaraan nasional dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat motivasi putra (58,3%) dan tingkat motivasi putri (41.7%). Sedangkan, tingkat kepercayaan diri putra (58,3%) dan tingkat kepercayaan diri putri (50%). Hasil perbandingan yang dihitung menggunakan independent samples test yaitu motivasi antara putra dan putri dalam menghadapi kejuaraan nasional U-21 Tahun 2022 adalah tidak terdapat perbandingan yang signifikan dikarenakan nilai p-value ≥ 0,05. Sedangkan, kepercayaan diri antara putra dan putri dalam menghadapi kejuaraan nasional U-21 Tahun adalah terdapat perbandingan yang signifikan dikarenakan hasil nilai p-value ≥ 0,05.</p>

Sustainable Environment Problems Arising from Sports Facilities

Relevance of the topic. In recent years, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the traditional education system, including various non-formal education activities, has faced enormous challenges and problems. This pandemic not only claimed millions of lives, but also affected people's daily lives and lifestyles. Most of the economic sectors in Lithuania also encountered various problems. Education, which traditionally carried out educational activities in physical environments, was not an exception and faced the sudden and strict closure of all institutions. In this situation, the application of technology and digital learning practices became the main solutions that helped to ensure the continuity of education and training, including non-formal ones (González, Bonal, 2021). Unfortunately, this decision had a particularly painful impact on organized sports for children and youth (Reece et. al., 2020). This area, of course, faced an even greater challenge than other, more theoretical, subjects, since sport, being a physical, practical and interactive activity, is not easily and simply transferred to an online environment (Iuliano et al., 2021).
 The problem. The idea of the problem has been increased by the fact that direct social interaction between the coach and the athlete is considered an essential condition in order to supervise the actions performed by the athletes and to ensure the high-quality implementation of the sports program (Emery & Tyreman, 2009).
 In the context of the pandemic, researchers began to emphasize the changed organization and execution of sports activities (Ratten, 2020; Escamilla-Fajardo et al., 2020), but there is still a lack of research-based data on the characteristics of these activities. In Lithuania, this topic has so far been little studied in the context of school sports. And although the sports activities implemented in sports schools, as state educational institutions, are regulated by the legislation of the Republic of Lithuania and the orders and instructions of the Ministry of Science, Education, Science and Sports, there is no data in the scientific literature about how informal sports education programs were implemented in them during the COVID-19 pandemic?
 The purpose of the study: To highlight the challenges of non-formal sports education during the Covid-19 pandemic.
 Research object: Challenges of informal sports education.
 The results. Research data revealed that the sports activities organized and carried out in sports schools during the COVID-19 pandemic had certain characteristics associated with the challenges experienced by coaches as providers of non-formal sports education programs and the challenges experienced by schoolchildren participating in sports. During the pandemic, the decrease in the motivation of young athletes to play sports, their inability to fulfill the training conditions and the negative influence of the environment in which they train on sports activities became apparent. The coaches, adapting to the changed conditions, were led to search for additional information, invest their own funds in the training process, understand the peculiarities of conducting training remotely, demonstrate their ingenuity while conducting classes, and constantly raise the motivation of athletes. However, when faced with these obstacles, they did not avoid ignoring the existing rules for the organization of sports activities.
 Keywords: sustainable environment, sports, nature, problems

Determinants of motivation in world-class musicians and Olympic athletes: Exploring the front and the back side of the medallion

The aim of the present case study was to obtain an in-depth understanding of the long-term motivation in four world-class musicians and two Olympic athletes. One part of the sample (Case 1) included three world famous musicians and one Olympic champion who all currently enjoy busy successful careers. These individuals are referred to as High Performing Stayers (HPS). The other part of the sample (Case 2) included one highly gifted musician and one Olympic athlete who both decided to put an end to their highly successful careers. These individuals are referred to as High Performing Quitters (HPQ). The performers’ perceptions of underlying driving forces and motivational impediments on their journey toward excellence were investigated through the lens of Self-Determination Theory. Semi-structured interviews revealed conspicuous and contrasting motivational patterns throughout the development of the six performers. All the four HPS were largely driven by autonomous forms of motivation such a self-initiative, passion, curiosity and a desire for endless discovery and aspiration. In contrast, despite reaching the highest international level, the two HPQ turned out to be driven by controlled coercive forms of motivation throughout their journey toward excellence. Educational implications are discussed in relation to the main findings.

Coach and Athlete Perspectives on Talent Transfer in Paralympic Sport.

Research pertaining to the experiences and motives of Paralympic athletes who transfer between sports is scant. This study aimed to address this gap through semistructured interviews with Canadian Paralympic coaches (n = 35) and athletes (n = 12). Three higher-order themes of "alternative to retirement," "career extension," and "compatibility" were identified. The subthemes of "psychobehavioral" and "physical and physiological" (from the higher-order theme of alternative to retirement) captured reasons leading to transfer, which are similar to reasons athletes may consider retirement. The subthemes of career extension-"better opportunities" and "beneficial outcomes"-shed light on factors that contributed to the withdrawal of negative experiences and reinforcement of positive outcomes associated with transferring sports. Last, compatibility had three subthemes of "resources," "sport-specific," and "communication," which encapsulated factors athletes should consider prior to their transfer. In conclusion, the participants highlighted the importance of transparent and effective communication between athletes and sports to align and establish realistic expectations for everyone involved.

Meta-Analysis of Circuit, Interval, and Conventional Training Methods Towars Motivation and Mental Toughness among Elementary School Hockey Athletes

In high-intensity and high-performance training, athletes sometimes face physical or mental aspects. The observed thing is that there is less or no research on the training method's effect on motivation. Studies linking exercise and its impact on the basis and mental toughness are lacking. This study aims to see the effects of particular training methods, namely circuit training methods, interval training, and conventional training, on motivation and mental toughness in primary school hockey athletes. Based on references from past studies presented in the Literature Highlights, it has been found that most studies that researchers have carried out are in the form of a combination of two research methods, namely the quasi-experimental type and the survey type. Sports Motivation Scale (SMS) or Sports Motivation Scale is widely used in studies related to sports motivation. In addition, another instrument found as a result of references from past studies used by researchers is the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ). In this pilot study, the respondents chosen by the researcher are students aged 11 to 12 years who are currently in Years 5 and 6 in the Malaysian education system. A total of 20 students involved in the game of hockey who are hockey athletes were selected based on the purposive sampling method. The findings of the pilot study found that the reliability and validity of the research instrument with a Cronbach alpha value >0.7 (excellent and acceptable). Thus, the findings of this pilot study show that this existing instrument can be used in the actual study later.

Comparative analysis of self-realization and motivation of athletes depending on their professional qualifications

In Kazakhstan, the issues of sports development are taken under special control, with a fairly large number of instructions, one of which is related to the revision of approaches to the training of profes-sional athletes. The study examines the motivational profile of athletes, resilience as the creation of motivation for transformational coping and various attitudes and aspects of self-realization. 180 athletes took part in the study: 60 professional athletes, 60 amateur athletes and 60 Para-lympic athletes. Psychodiagnostic measurements were carried out using four diagnostic techniques: V.I.Tropnikov's method of studying the motives of sports activity; E.A. Kalinin's questionnaire "Motives of Sports Activity" (MSD); S.Maddi's resilience test, adaptation by D.A. Leontiev and E.I. Rasskazova; S.I. Kudinov's multidimensional questionnaire of self-realization of personality. The results of our research have shown that the level of sports qualification has an impact on the formation of sports motivation and self-realization. The motivational profile of professional athletes cor-responds to the model of motivation of a high-class athlete, in the groups of amateur athletes and Paralympic athletes, the hierarchy of motives is similar, but their energy content is lower. The revealed differences made it possible to detect aspects that require attention from coaches and sports psycholo- gists, primarily related to a drop in the level of motivation among high-class MS and MSMC athletes and rigidity of resilience among Paralympic athletes. As for self-realization, its overall level is not high, and the level of professional self-realization in sports is extremely low in all three groups. Key words: motivation, motivational profile, types and aspects of self-realization, resilience.

Achievement Sports Development Policy by KONI Depok City during the Pandemic Period

This study aims to analyze the development of achievement sports during the COVID-19 pandemic in Depok City. The unit of analysis for this research is the coaching policy applied to the development of achievement sports by the Depok City Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is qualitative descriptive research, and interviews and document study obtained data collection. The study results found that the Depok City KONI during the COVID-19 pandemic focused more on coaching athletes with a target of ranking in the top 10 in the West Java Province Regional Sports Week (Porda) in 2022. This study concludes that the policy of developing achievement sports for the Depok City KONI during the pandemic has been relatively good despite experiencing difficulties in dealing with several obstacles, such as decreased athlete motivation, hampered athlete development due to competition cancellations, restrictions on the use of sports infrastructure, and shifts in funding allocations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Monitoring mood state to improve performance in soccer players: A brief review.

Psychological aspects of sport are key in maintaining athlete motivation and make a difference in competitive outcomes. Adjustments to training may be necessary according to athletes' emotional state. Therefore, it is important to assess and quantify mood states throughout the season in team sports, including among soccer players. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) is a widely used questionnaire that assesses emotional states characterized by positive or negative feelings and can be administered repeatedly to assess changes in mood state. This review aims to assess and summarize the current literature on mood state variation in soccer players with a specific focus on training loads, training modalities, and competitive performance. A literature search was systematically conducted and resulted in 156 records. After removing duplicates, items with irrelevant titles and abstracts were screened out, and full texts were then screened for relevance and compared with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The remaining 37 articles were included in the final qualitative synthesis. POMS scores were related to variability in training load, intensity of the training period, modality of training exercises, competitive performance and time of day in soccer players. Common recommendations include monitoring the mood state of soccer players during training sessions, matches, and throughout training periods to detect early signs of psychological disturbance and aid in optimizing high-level training performance. The POMS allows for monitoring of players' psychological state, providing coaches with data to aid in adjusting acute program variables according to players' psychological states and improve performance. Results offer practical support for the use of a simple POMS measurement as part of an overall program to monitor the players' psychological states. Results also highlight how training choices (i.e., load and exercise modality) and competitive performance are related to mood states (i.e., tension, anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, and vigor).

Football Athletes' Motivation Without Spectators in The Stands During The New Normal

The match was watched by millions of spectators which made the players' enthusiasm even moreimproved and motivated, but now have to compete behind closed doors. Based on The audience coach's statement plays an important role for players because it can Motivate the players on the pitch and add enthusiasm to achieve victory, where they fall behind the opposing team here is the role. The audience is really needed to raise enthusiasm and motivation for the audience players during a match. The audience is also often referred to as the 12th player of a game team. One of the impacts of this pandemic is being felt by soccer athletes, one of them The only impact of this pandemic is being felt by soccer athletes in Indonesia, where with the rules there should be no crowds, this also reduces their competitive motivation. Ruseski (2014:396) says by exercising or regular physical activity can reduce the risk of chronic disease, reduce stress and depression, improve emotional well-being, energy levels, self-confidence and satisfaction with social activities. During this pandemic afflict Indonesia, awareness to exercise from everyone to exercise more increased, but with limited activities outside the home and places general to keep your distance and avoid crowds. The role of the audience for athletes is very important in improving the spirit of the athletes at the time of the match, where the support from the crowd gave is a positive energy when the athlete's condition is in a pinch or lag behind the opposing side. But for the sake of fighting for dignity football in Indonesia, the soccer team continues to compete with the maximum, even though have to play without spectators. With the above problems, it is interesting to researched on the Motivation Levels of Athletes' Football Matches Without Spectators in Tribune in the New Normal Period. Based on the research objectives, there are two achievements in this study, namely: (1) developing a book on the level of motivation of football athletes, (2) developing a journal internationally reputed. This research is expected to provide benefits to increase motivation soccer athletes during matches, scientific publications and books about the level of motivation of soccer athletes.

Factors That Affect Motivasi Training PPLP Boxing Athletes During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Palu City

The objectives of this study: (1) How to find out the training motivation of PPLP boxing athletes during the Covid-19 pandemic in Palu City; (2) How to maintain the intrinsic motivation of PPLP boxing athletes during training during the COVID-19 pandemic in Palu City; (3) How to maintain the extrinsic motivation of PPLP boxing athletes during training during the COVID-19 pandemic in Palu City; (4) What obstacles do PPLP boxing athletes face during training during the COVID-19 pandemic in Palu City. The research uses qualitative methods with the design of phenomenological studies. The data source is information from PPLP athletes from Central Sulawesi Province, coaches, provincial dispora and parents of PPLP boxing athletes. The data obtained are analyzed qualitatively with the following steps: (1) data collection; (2)data reduction; (3) presentation of data. The results showed that the training conditions of pplp boxing athletes during the Covid-19 pandemic in Palu city felt the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic from the beginning of appearing in Central Sulawesi in 2020. The obstacle to training pplp boxing athletes during the Covid-19 pandemic in Palu city is that during this pandemic, the government issued a very unprofitable policy for PPLP boxing athletes. The training strategies for boxing athletes during the covid-19 pandemic in the city of Palu can still train during the pandemic; they are restricting training grounds. Online media is a solution for PPLP Central Sulawesi boxing athletes; by using online media, they can carry out training through the program provided by the trainer and not carry out training in crowded places.

The role of the social environment in inclusive sports participation-Identifying similarities and challenges in athletes with and without Intellectual Disabilities through coaches' eyes: A qualitative inquiry.

Despite the efforts of mainstreaming in sports, inclusive participation of people with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in sports remains challenging. In sports settings, the social environment may influence the motivation of athletes and promote (or restrict) inclusive sports participation of athletes with ID. Thus, this study aims to explore the motivations of athletes and coaches and to investigate the role of the social environment in sports participation of athletes with and without ID. Coaches who coach athletes with ID (n = 11), athletes without ID (n = 13) and both groups (n = 2) were involved in semi-structured interviews. From the inductive thematic analysis three themes were identified for the sports motivations of athletes with ID (Sport-related Progression, Social Interaction, Positive Emotions), two for their coaches' motivations (Help others, Personal and Professional Development) and four for coaching practices toward athletes with ID (Psychological and Life skills development, Building Meaningful Relationships, Behaviour adaptations and Participation-focused). Moreover, 'Teammates and Opponents' and 'Family' were classified as social agents that influence the sport participation of athletes with ID. Coaches of athletes without ID reported additional themes about their athletes' motivations (Health-related Reasons), their coaching motivations (Career aspirations) and their coaching practices towards athletes without ID (Performance-focused). The motivations of athletes and the practices of coaches could promote sports participation of athletes with ID, but more work is needed to address athletes' sports motivations and overcome the able-ist attitudes and the social oppression that may make their inclusion in sports more challenging. These sports participation barriers and facilitators could provide direction to stakeholders for developing inclusive sports pathways to people with ID.

The Urgency Of Motivation For Pergatsi’s Athletes In Palopo

Motivation plays a vital role in training to achieve a goal, which is an achievement. Motivation to practice is beneficial for measuring the level of motivation of gateball athletes in Palopo. The population in this study consist of 19 gateball athletes in Palopo, ten males and nine females. The number sample is 19 gateball athletes from Palopo. Data collection in this study used a questionnaire (questionnaire) via Google form. Quantitative descriptive research methods and data analysis techniques use a Likert scale. The study's results provide an overview of the coach as a factor that influences the training program and seeks to maintain the athlete's training motivation. The training motivation of Gateball athletes is in the reasonably good category of 43%. Based on the classification of training motivation per indicator of the athletes themselves by 37%, type of performance results by 37%, classification of competition atmosphere by 47%, and task or performance classification by 37%. This study concludes that the training motivation of gateball athletes in Palopo is in the Fairly Good category.

Fun game-based football training model for increasing motivation and discipline of young athletes

Objective: To determine the increase in motivation and discipline of young athletes through a fun game-based soccer training model.Method: The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach.Result: The result of this study state that the fun game-based football training model can increase the motivation and discipline of young athletes in playing football by implementing 5 fun game models, namely: the handball model, tunnel chain, cat and mouse, deer run, and tic tac toe in football practice.Conclusion: The fun game-based football training model has an important role in creating motivation and discipline for young athletes in Indonesia.

Evolution of Young Female Athletes’ Reasons for Participating in Judo and Basketball

Motivation is a key stone of sport success at all athletes’ skill levels. The change in direction and intensity of motivation in sport can lead to negative impact in athletic preparation, up to a point of dropping out from competitive sport, especially among young female athletes. Due to the different requirements and structure of individual vs team sport it may be a cause that influences the sport motivation of young athletes. Therefore, the major aim of this research is to investigate the differences in motivational dynamics among young female athletes participating in judo as a representative of individual sport and in basketball as a representative of team sport. This investigation has been conducted focusing on the motivational pattern involved in joining and continuing participation in the sport activity, as well as the obstacles athletes face during their athletic careers. Participants included 188 girls who practice regularly in a competitive setting as part of a national project for advancing women’s sport. They participated in basketball (n = 94) and judo (n = 91) and were divided into three age groups: 8–10 (young, n = 53): 11–13 (middle, n = 84) and 14–17 (adult, n = 48). Participants completed the modified Gould, Feltz, and Weiss (1985) questionnaire for examining young athletes’ reasons for participating in sports which was tailored to the research objectives. Factor analysis revealed different interpretable factors for each section of the questionnaire. A two-way ANOVA’s with repeated measures (2 b/j x 3 age groups) and post-hoc tests with Bonferroni adjustments were conducted to investigate differences between basketball and judo athletes across age groups in their motivation to start, to continue, and the obstacles they face. Results revealed that the motivation to start and continue sport participation was higher among basketball athletes compared with judo athletes. In addition, the judo athletes faced stronger obstacles compared to basketball athletes. Additional differences were revealed among the age groups in both sport disciplines. Results are discussed while considering the dynamic of motivational dispositions. Special attention is given to the importance of understanding what is the appropriate and specific psychological support based on variables such as sport discipline, motivational pattern, and age of young female athletes.

Motivasi berprestasi atlet bulutangkis di kabupaten tolitoli ditinjau dari dukungan sosial orang tua, teman, dan pelatih

ABSTRACTA badminton athlete can excel if he has the motivation to excel. However, some athletes, especially in Tolitoli Regency, still show a lack of motivation to excel. In improving the performance of an athlete, apart from having the motivation to excel, the need for good social support from parents, friends, and coaches. Therefore, this study aims to determine the achievement motivation of badminton athletes in Tolitoli Regency in terms of social support from parents, friends, and coaches. The type of method used is quantitative with a correlational design. The participants who were involved in this study were 42 badminton athletes in Tolitoli Regency, using the quota sampling technique. The scale used is the athlete's achievement motivation scale and the social support scale. Based on the product moment correlation test from Karl Pearson, it was found that there was a positive relationship between parental social support and athletes' achievement motivation. On the other hand, social peer support is not significantly related to athlete achievement. Likewise with the support of social coaches which are not significantly related to the athlete's achievement motivation.

PENGARUH KELENGKAPAN SARANA PRASARANA BULUTANGKIS DALAM MOTIVASI UNTUK BERPRESTASI PADA ATLET PB. TUGU MUDA SEMARANG

Badminton is an achievement sport. Sports achievement is influenced by several factors, including endogenous factors (factors that exist within a person) and exogenous factors (environmental factors that affect a person). The background of this research is seen from the achievements that have been achieved by the PB club. Tugu Muda Semarang with several athletes managed to get achievements from the mabar championships between clubs and the Semarang regency/city level championships. This is influenced by one of the external factors, namely infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of PB's badminton infrastructure. Tugu Muda Semarang and the influence of the completeness of facilities and infrastructure on the motivation of athletes to excel. The research method used is a qualitative method. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that 1). The condition of the PB club's facilities and infrastructure. Tugu Muda Semarang is good and adequate for the implementation of coaching and training, 2). The infrastructure has an effect on the training program and the athlete's motivation to practice and excel. if the athlete is not equipped with infrastructure for training, the athlete can only fantasize and it is impossible to achieve an achievement, but if the badminton infrastructure is supported, the athletes will be enthusiastic about training and motivated to achieve an achievement.

The competence of a coach in sports: How does it correlate with athlete motivation?

Sports coaches hold integral roles in sports organizations. As important figures for athletes, coaches are responsible for maintaining athletes’ motivation which will drive their performances in matches. To motivate athletes, coaches must possess good competence which reflect their quality as coaches. This study analyzes the effect of coach competency on athlete motivation. Coach competency in this study is represented by four indicators: Motivation Competency, Game-strategy Competency, Technique Competency, and Character-building Competency. Each and every indicator’s effect on athlete motivation was investigated. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire with 42 question items. This study is an explanatory research conducted on 114 student basketball athletes in Indonesia as respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS on the WARP-PLS 7 software. The results of this research show that overall, motivation competency, technique competency, character building competency, and game-strategy competency which represents the coach competency variable have a positive effect on athlete motivation (p<0.05), while motivation competency has no effect on athlete motivation (p>0.05). Game strategy competency, technique competency, and character building competency has positive effects on athlete motivation (p<0.05). This research contributes to increasing scientific knowledge among coaches and athletes about the importance of competence for the motivational aspect. The limitation in this study is that the sample used only comes from basketball athletes so it is not yet known whether there is a similar relationship between the competence and motivation of other sports coaches. Therefore, future research can examine the relationship between the competence and motivation of coaches in sports such as football, volleyball, and handball.

Pedagogical literacy forms the sports skills of young freestyle athletes

Children's and youth sports is a sports direction that ensures the involvement of children in a certain type of sport from children's sports in order to carry out their sports specialization and ensure the conditions for the transition to reserve sports. The formation of sports motivation in youth athletes is carried out through the creation of a complex of pedagogical conditions for the emergence, functioning, development and stabilization of favorable relations to the goal of sports, sports success, one's capabilities, training and competitive activities, the team and the coach.
 This article deals with issues related to the organization and conduct of educational and training classes with children in the specialty of freestyle wrestling. The practical experience of trainers of the educational and sports complex of the state tax university in the direction of freestyle wrestling was analyzed and summarized. The study was conducted over 10 weeks (August-October 2022). Children aged 8-11 years participated in the study (n=18). Where they were distributed as follows (n=12) boys and (n=6) girls. To determine the interest and motive for sports, a questionnaire was conducted and an experiment was conducted on the following exercises for: development of coordination movements "Three flips forward"; control of strength endurance "Static strength endurance" of the muscles of the shoulder girdle; determination of the motor reaction "Grip of the falling gymnastic stick"; determination of mobility in the joints of the vertebral column; determination of endurance (aerobic capacity control) "9-minute walk" Cooper's test. Based on the results of the survey, the real ways of solving problems related to the referral of teenagers to active wrestling classes were highlighted, and actual aspects of improving physical culture and sports classes were outlined. It was experimentally proven that the proposed method had positive changes at the initial stage of preparation.
 A freestyle wrestling coach must use the following in his professional activity: be ready to use tools, techniques, technologies to motivate and stimulate children to train; be able to determine goals (strategic, tactical, operational), plan processes to achieve the desired results in social and sports training; to be able to organize and create conditions for achieving the desired results; be creative about your mistakes and your young athletes; the ability to use cognitive methods, the ability to see and solve a professional problem, orient oneself in work, learn and teach others; be able to justify and transfer experience.

АНАЛИЗ СООТНОШЕНИЯ СИЛ В ЖЕНСКОЙ СПОРТИВНОЙ ГИМНАСТИКЕ В 2022 ГОДУ НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКОМ КОНТИНЕНТЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ

In modern conditions of the suspension of Russian athletes from international competitions held under the auspices of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), the analysis of gymnasts' performances at continental and world championships becomes even more relevant. In these conditions, the question of maintaining the motivation of athletes to prepare a competitive team of the nearest reserve, as well as to preserve the opportunity to occupy the leading lines of the rating after admission to the international platform, is acute.

Understanding Youth Athlete Motivation, Training, and Activity Progression During and After the COVID-19 Sports Interruption.

COVID-19 restrictions created a period of disrupted sports participation for youth athletes. The physical conditioning, sports training habits, and patterns of sports activity resumption upon returning to normal sports activity are currently unknown. This study aimed to determine the extent to which youth athletes maintained their training levels during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and understand the strategies that enhanced motivation and adherence to a training regimen while in isolation. A secondary aim was to analyze how youth athletes returned to activity and identify injuries associated with prolonged sports interruption. Observational / Survey Study. A survey designed to determine activity changes, type of organized instruction, and athlete preferences for training support were distributed by email using snowball sampling methodology to athletes 14-21 years old who were involved in competitive sports when pandemic restrictions were enacted. As sports activities resumed, a follow-up survey was distributed to the same respondents to identify feelings of preparedness, training habits, and injuries. Of the155 subjects (mean age 16.1 ± 2 years, 64.5% female) that completed the initial survey, 98% reported a stoppage of in-person sports participation and 70% decreased their exercise/training volume, with 41% (n=63) reporting > 50% reduction. Most athletes (86%) received instruction from coaches, with written workouts (70%) being most common; however, most athletes (70%) preferred instructor-led, group training sessions. Of the 43 subjects that completed the follow-up survey (34% response rate), there was an increase in athletic exposures compared to mid-pandemic levels, and 25% reported sustaining a sports-related injury shortly after resuming sports activities. Pandemic-related sports restrictions resulted in a significant reduction in youth athlete training and conditioning. Coaches attempted to maintain training via the use of written workouts; however, athletes preferred instructor-led, group training sessions. There was a rapid resumption of sports activities, which may have contributed to the high rate of injuries in this study. 3.