Athletic Association Research Articles

"Smells like team spirit" the association between running club membership and performance in the London Marathon: An economic analysis.

This study examines the association between club membership and marathon performance using a dataset of 206,653 London Marathon runners. Our results show a statistically significant association between club membership and marathon performance for both males and females which sees club membership potentially mitigating pace decline with age and resulting in substantial improvements in finishing times of up to 40 minutes. We implement a production function framework and align with three principles of economic organisation. The findings have relevance for marathon participants, coaches, and athletic associations as well as implications beyond athletics to other sports or cooperative activities.

OCR concerned with athletic association's mask policy

OCR concerned with athletic association's mask policy

OCR concerned with athletic association's mask policy

Case name: Letter re: Arizona Interscholastic Association, No. 08211090 (OCR 05/11/23).

OCR concerned with athletic association's mask policy

Case name: Letter re: Arizona Interscholastic Association, No. 08211090 (OCR 05/11/23).

Something’s Gotta Give: Bent Rules, Breached Bottom Line, and the International Amateur Athletics Federations’ Handling of the “China Question”

International Sport Federations, as part of the Olympic network, have different organizational structures and decision-making mechanisms from the International Olympic Committee. The authors, in examining the history of the International Amateur Athletics Federations’ (IAAF) handling of the “China question” in international sport, probe how these differences translated into the IAAF’s organizational politics and power dynamics in face of governmental interference. Primarily examining archival documents obtained from the IAAF Archive and the International Olympic Committee Historical Archives, the authors particularly follow how the self-governing IAAF upheld, bent, and modified its statutes during its engagement with the People’s Republic of China from the 1950s to the 1970s and around its eventual admission of the People’s Republic of China’s Athletics Association in 1978. It is also argued that the IAAF’s engagement and inclusion of the People’s Republic of China allowed the consolidation of its monopolizing power in global athletics governance.

Relational pluralism, organizational status, and the adoption of collegiate varsity esports programs in the US

ABSTRACT Research question Sport management scholars often draw on institutional theory to examine the adoption of new approaches among sport organizations, but understanding of variation in innovation adoption remains limited. Using a relational perspective to better account for the complexity of the institutional environment, we examine the following questions in the context of esports: how do organizations’ ties to different entities across the field affect the adoption of innovations in sport? And how are these relationships shaped by organizational status? Research methods Our sample includes 1274 universities and colleges in the U.S. We used event history analysis to investigate the influence of ties to field-level interest associations (i.e. athletic associations) and local-level peer networks (i.e. athletic conferences, state community settings) on organizational adoption of collegiate varsity esports programs. We also examined the moderating role of organizational status (i.e. university/college ranking). With respect to model selection, we used the Cox proportional hazard model. Results and findings Results show that interest associations and local peer networks have a significant effect on the establishment of varsity esports programs. Additionally, organizational status moderates the influence of different relational ties (i.e. interest associations and peers) on esports adoption. Implications : This study contributes to the institutional literature on innovation adoption in sport by revealing how relational pluralism and organizational status affect the adoption of new sport programs.

The Contribution Of Egyptian-Armenian Repatriates To Mother Armenia

In the forties of the 20th century, until the mass repatriation, the Armenian community of Egypt (around 45 thousand people) was rallied mainly around the Armenian Apostolic Church (spiritual leader: His Eminence Archbishop Mambré Sirounian). A number of Armenian schools, cultural organizations and athletic associations were all active mainly in the Armenian populated cities of Egypt, Cairo and Alexandria. It should be noted that the total number of repatriates from Egypt to Soviet Armenia in 1947, 1948 and the 1960-1970s constituted around 4.500 people. Most of them were already ideologically prepared and aware of the objective of their repatriation, namely dedicating their lives to the development of the Fatherland. The study highlights the contribution of these repatriated families and individuals (more than 140 people) to the development and growth of Soviet Armenia in cultural, industrial, artistic, photographic, educational, academic, medical, political, administrative, athletic and other (over 40) spheres of life.

Early Specialization or Early Athletic Competencies? Literature Update and Methodological Considerations

The early sport specialization is characterized as intensive year-round training and/or competition, involving participation in a single sport that typically begins in the prepubertal years. In recent years, most of the major national societies and international sports and athletic associations, federations, and organizations have released position statements advising against the practice of early specialization amongst youth sports. Youth sports training must necessarily take into account the cultural and social factors of each country. Over the last decades, several development models have been structured, integrated, and implemented, predominantly focusing upon the idea of the sporting talent model and framework. The practitioners emphasised the importance of variety and participation in a large range of sports and activities. This was identified as fundamental and a key aspect of long-term athletic development for developing well-rounded athletes whilst reducing burnout in one sport. This study describes the change in the methodological paradigm in the youth sports training model by analyzing the most recent literature; it aims to describe the methodological orientation that must distinguish long-term training from the risk of early specialization.

A Gestão Participativa de Instituições de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica no contexto de programa de Internacionalização

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as políticas de internacionalização na perspectiva da gestão participativa em duas instituições de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica do Brasil e do Peru. A abordagem teorico-metodológica supõe o exercício comparativo e o tratamento dos casos. Interações entre forças globais, econômicas e culturais e os contextos locais são demonstradas no campo da educação comparada pelos autores Aguilar (2018), Arnove (2012), Cowen (2012), Han (1971), Kazamias (2012), Lourrenço Filho (2004), Mazon (2015). Abordam-se as políticas de profissionalização e a gestão escolar participativa nas instituições pesquisadas quanto às concepções e estratégias adotadas por elas. Conclui-se que há pequena participação dos alunos na gestão de instituições e espaços escolares, tais como Grêmios Escolares ou Centros Acadêmicos, Associações de Pais e Mestres, Associações Atléticas ou, ainda, Conselhos de Escola e Congregações nas duas instituições pesquisadas.

A historical review of the six keywords of the german elite sport development

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the elite sport system in Germany by selecting six keyword. Methods In order to review the literature, we reviewed the reports of sports organizations such as the Ministry of the Interior, the Olympic Games of Germany, the Sports Council of Germany, and the German sports policy, history, business, programs and financial status. Conclusion In Germany, athletic associations were created in the 40s and 50s and strengthened infrastructure, projects, and workforce infrastructure by the 60s and 90s. Through its long history and tradition, Germany is at the forefront of both the Winter and Sommer Olympics. Among them, the German Olympic Sports Federation, researchers Institute, Olympic training centers, Sports School, Kader-systems and federal police·military·customs are the main keyword of elite sports. In order to support the national players in Germany, the regional Olympic training center supports sports science, sports gymnasium, sports athletic high school, sports elite school, athletes' house are operated for selection and training of excellent athletes. And all the players are in the carder system and there is a system that allows them to enter the federal police, soldiers and customs so that they can support the human resources, facilities and programs as well as train and work at the same time.

A Study on the Cultivation of Female Students Ability in the Girl's Athletic Association-Taking Qingdao University of Science and Technology as an Example

This paper studied the status of o the Girl’s Athletic Association in the matter of the organization and function. Some problems in development progress are analyzed, such as the number of members reduced, the chaos of organization construction, the shortage of fund. Some proposals and countermeasures are putted forward from strengthen and improving the organization system construction, carrying out rich and colorful activities, the funding, hiring teachers and the association responsible person, increasing the association activity time, changing the content of activities To play an important role in the aspects of actively encouraging and guiding the female classmate association activities, and promoting the all-round development of girl's ability.

Fellow Athletes or Fellow Soldiers? συναθλέω in Philippians 1.27 and 4.3

There is no agreement between interpreters as to whether the verb συναθλέω in Phil. 1.27 and 4.3 presupposes an athletic or a military metaphor. Given that first-century athletes were unlikely to compete as a team, the prefix συν- often puzzles those who interpret συναθλέω as an athletic term, and it is also one of the reasons why others opt for a military background. While the use of the verb alone does not provide any certainty as to the presupposed imagery, in this article I argue that the presence of the prefix συν- does not preclude athletics as a plausible option. Even though team sports were not part of official athletic contests, based on epigraphic evidence I suggest that, in spite of fierce competition, there may have existed a sense of fellowship between ancient athletes in the Roman period. In addition, it is likely that it was enhanced by the existence of a ‘worldwide’ athletic association.

THE PREVENTION OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN ATHLETES: CARDIOVASCULAR SCREENING PRACTICES IN UNITED STATES NATIONAL GOVERNING BODIES AND PARALYMPIC COMMITTEES

BackgroundCardiac screening in athletes has recently been a focus of investigation and debate among the sports medicine community. Athletic associations and organizations, including the International Olympic Committee, have issued recommendations...

Aspirations Through Association: Using Athletics to Enhance Institutional Prestige

Increasingly, sport managers are attempting to use athletics to positively affect their colleges' and universities' prestige. To highlight this contemporary issue, this case study presents an athletic director, Dwight Stanley, who has to give a recommendation on whether his institution should maintain its membership in the NJCAA or pursue membership in another athletic association, namely the NAIA or NCAA DIII.This case study is designed to capture the tension sport managers face as they encounter complex decisions. Accordingly, each membership option is presented with its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its supporters and detractors.Consequently, students will be required to critically assess a variety of factors to determine the institution's most feasible course of action. Given the popularity of careers within intercollegiate athletics, this case study provides an excellent way for students to engage in considering the complexities of such positions.Additionally, though the case study is presented within the context of intercollegiate athletics, the analytical process required to select a course of action is transferable to other segments of the sport industry.

Cenário de Práticas para a Formação Universitária: O Olhar dos Estudantes

<p>A Educação Universitária tem como desafio atual o aprimoramento de suas práticas pedagógicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi conhecer os valores e significados atribuídos, por estudantes do curso de Nutrição da USP, às suas experiências de extensão universitária. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se o grupo focal como técnica de coleta de dados. Foram realizados cinco grupos, divididos entre as principais atividades realizadas: Empresa Júnior, Iniciação Científica, Associação Atlética, Clínica de Nutrição e Jornada Universitária. Verifica-se que os estudantes consideraram que cada atividade colabora com o desenvolvimento de competência ou habilidade profissional específica. Dentre elas, destacam-se: autonomia, autoconfiança, comunicação interpessoal, comunicação social, trabalho em equipe, visão ampliada dos problemas e das necessidades sociais, conhecimento técnico e teórico específico, atenção integral, contato com a realidade profissional, entre outras. Conclui-se que as atividades de extensão universitária contribuem tanto para que, especificamente na área da saúde, os projetos pedagógicos sejam flexíveis para a incorporação dessas atividades.</p>

大正後期から昭和初期における東京帝国大学運動会の組織化過程：学生間および大学当局の相互行為に焦点を当てて

The Undoukai (Athletic Association) at the Imperial University of Tokyo was a student association that consisted mainly of sports club members. The Undoukai was a departure point for Japanese sports, and led to the establishment of school sports in the Meiji period, being incorporated as a foundation in 1934. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of how the Undoukai was organized as an incorporated foundation from the late Taisho era to the early part of the Showa era, focusing on interactions among students and the university. The main documents are gathered from the Imperial University Newspaper.The results of this study are summarized as follows.1) This study describes the history after establishment of the Undoukai, which was integrated into the Gakuyukai (Athletic and Cultural Association) at the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1920. The Gakuyukai was an all-university association that included cultural activities. However, the members of the sports clubs left the Gakuyukai and organized the Undoukai again in 1928.2) This study clarifies two oppositional relationships among students during the organizational process of the Undoukai. One was between sports club members and the other students, and the other was between the left-wing students and the right-wing students. In both relationships, sports club members would win the understanding of non-athletic students and would distance themselves from the left-wing students. Both practices enabled the Undoukai to become independent from the Gakuyukai.3) This study clarifies that strong assistance from the University contributed to the reorganization of the Undoukai. There were two problems that the University needed to address: one was how to prevent students' illnesses, and the other was how to discourage students from becoming inclined to the politcal left. Therefore, the University expected general students to aspire to “healthy body” and to have “healthy idea”. While the University would recommend sports to general students in order to realize the expectation of “healthy body”, at the same time it would separate general students from left-wing students in order to realize the expectation of “healthy idea”. These expectations and practices of the University provided the impetus that nurtured the Undoukai.

Institutional Liability for the Sexual Crimes of Student-Athletes: A Review of Case Law and Policy Recommendations

<p>Sport in American culture has become a massive economic and entertainment venture and, with that, professional and intercollegiate athletes have been elevated to semi-celebrities and role models. This designation perhaps is wrongly so, as news of athletes' mishaps are a featured part of the daily news. In the collegiate setting, athletes' misconduct can become a serious problem: Not only does it besmirch the image of the institution and its teams, but in certain instances can cause the institution, athletic association, and members of the administration and athletic staff to be the targets of litigation.</p><p>This paper seeks to explore whether or not the growing number of criminal acts committed by intercollegiate athletes is cause for concern for increased institutional liability. Does recruiting or retaining such athletes expose the institution to lawsuit, particularly if the institution was aware of the student's criminal past? Or should the educative purpose of college offer a redeeming "second chance" to these promising young men and women?</p>

The Role and Responsibility for Prevention of Sports Injuries in Athletic Association

The Role and Responsibility for Prevention of Sports Injuries in Athletic Association

Effectiveness of mouthguards in reducing neurocognitive deficits following sports‐related cerebral concussion

Although it is widely accepted that mouthguards decrease the incidence of dental injuries, there is a controversy among sports medicine professionals as to the effectiveness of mouthguards in decreasing the incidence or severity of sports-related cerebral concussion (SRCC). While some experimental data suggest that this may be the case, there exist a number of reports suggesting that mouthguards do not serve this purpose. These conclusions have been drawn, however, without actually measuring the extent of neurocognitive dysfunction in athletes following sports-related concussion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mouthguard use reduces the neurocognitive and symptomatic impairments that follow an injurious episode of SRCC. Preseason baseline data were collected as part of an ongoing clinical program that uses a computerized neurocognitive test to assess various faculties of brain function and symptoms reported at the time of testing. Follow-up testing from 180 student-athletes who had sustained an SRCC was analyzed for the purpose of this study. These athletes were separated into one of two groups: those who reported using mouthguards and those who did not. Neurocognitive testing was accomplished using the Immediate Post-Concussion and Assessment Test (ImPACT). Results suggest that neurocognitive deficits at the time of the athletes' first follow-up assessment did not differ between mouthguard users and non-users, suggesting that mouthguard use does little to reduce the severity of neurocognitive dysfunction and onset of symptoms following sports-related head trauma. However, an interesting finding in this study was that athletes experienced significantly lower neurocognitive test scores and reported higher symptom scores following SRCC regardless of mouthguard use. This emphasizes a thorough clinical evaluation of athletes that have sustained an SRCC. Although it was found in this study that mouthguard use does not decrease the severity of concussion, it is important to note that the use of mouthguards is paramount in reducing maxillofacial and dental trauma and their use should continue to be mandated by athletic associations and supported by all dental and sports medicine professionals.

Jewish Sports in the Diaspora, Yishuv, and Israel: Between Nationalism and Politics

THE EMERGENCE OF ZIONISM, the Jewish national movement, in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries involved a basic revolution in Jewish life and collective identity in the Diaspora. One of the main features of this revolution, whose ultimate goal was the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Eretz-Israel (Palestine), was the creation of the New Jew who would serve as the idealized symbol of national renewal. Zionism's founding fathers regarded gymnastics and sports as important activities for repudiating the biases surrounding the Jew's alleged physical inferiority. After centuries during which body culture was removed from Jewish life, the Zionist Movement introduced a major revision of the attitude toward physical development. The enhancement of physical prowess that aided pioneering tasks, such as building and defense of the homeland, also contributed to creating a community of athletes eager to demonstrate the revived strength of the Yishuv and later of Israel. Gymnastics and sports not only promoted Zionism's goal of revitalizing the nation, they also expressed deep political divisions in the Jewish collective. This article focuses on a major area of research in Zionist history that has been somewhat neglected: the rise of Jewish athletic and sports associations in the Diaspora and Eretz-Israel. The development of these associations and clubs is analyzed, their ideological views outlined, and their involvement in the dialectical tension between national goals and the goals of political parties clarified. Beginning with the prestate period and continuing through the following decades, this article describes the changing perception of sports and athletic associations from the birth of Israel to the present.