Athletic Association Research Articles

Part VII: The Age of Equity (1970–1980)

This is the seventh of nine segments designed to commemorate the NAGWS Centennial, 1889–1999. This segment will focus on the accomplishments of ten past-presidents who served from 1970 to 1980. During this period, the Division of Girls and Women in Sport (DGWS) became the National Association for Girls and Women in Sport (NAGWS), which allowed for greater independence from AAHPER. The most significant happening in the 1970s was the enactment of the Educational Amendments of 1972 (Title IX). NAGWS lobbied Congress to strive for equity (Hult, 1991), thereby reinforcing the urgency of equal opportunity. Title IX continues to have a tremendous impact on increasing opportunities for girls and women in sport. Another piece of legislation, the Amateur Sports Act, passed in 1978, had a substantial effect on opportunities for women within the Olympic movement. In addition, a series of coaching clinics continued to train women to coach and teach highly skilled female athletes, while research took a more important focus on the social and psychological aspects of females in sport (Hult, 1991). With the growth of intercollegiate athletics for women occurring at such a rapid puce, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) was organized in 1971–1972 to replace the CIAW. Both the CIAW and the AIAW were operated under NAGWS auspices. Separate president served for NAGWS and AIAW, working closely in various aspects. “On June 1, 1979, the AIAW established its own legal identity. In doing so, the nation's largest governing organization of intercollegiate athletic programs separated from the NAGWS of AAHPERD, two organizations that had nurtured the foundling women's athletic association through its early years” (“AIAW on Its Own,” 1980). As AIAW presidents, the following individuals helped to shape women's intercollegiate athletics: Carole Oglesby (1972–1973), Carol Gordon (1973–1974), Leotus Morrison (1974–1975), Laurie Mabry (1975–1976), Peggy Burke (1976–1977), Judy Holland (1977–1978), Charlotte West (1978–1979), and Carol Mushier (1979–1980). The 1970s was a decade of rapid increase of female participating in sport. By the end of the decade, with AIAW becoming a separate legal entity, NAGWS relinquished its control over much of intercollegiate sport.—Shawn Ladda, Manhattan College, Feature Editor.

Profiling Young Children's Participation in Track and Field, Injuries Sustained and Prevention Methods Employed

This study explored the nature and extent of track and field injuries sustained by children aged 8 and 9 years and the injury prevention methods they used. The sample comprised 170 registered Little Athletes competing at the 1997 Little Athletic Association New South Wales State Competition. Results suggested that about one in every three young athletes had one or more injuries resulting from their participation in training and competition during the season. Most of the injuries occurred to lower limbs, especially to ankles and knee areas. About one in four children considered that injuries sustained were serious. Most of the serious injuries occurred during track and field events. There were no significant differences between children aged 8 and 9 on injury rates, nor were there any gender differences identified. Results indicated that Little Athletes in these two age groups were knowledgeable about injury prevention methods (e.g. stretching and warm‐up before exercise were the most often identified.) Of concern was the infrequent reporting of warm‐down and drinking plenty of fluids as injury prevention techniques. Parents and coaches were seen as the primary educators in injury prevention methods. However, school teachers were not identified as having a significant role in the prevention of track and field injuries. Implications of the findings for the prevention of sporting injuries of young children are discussed.

Anglo‐Americanisms in the French Sporting Vocabulary

ABSTRACT This article shows the influence of Anglo‐Americanisms on the French sporting vocabulary. The first large influx of English sport terms dates from the advent of the Industrial Revolution which favored the development of team sports and athletic associations in England. Soccer was the first English team sport introduced into France. Other Engish, and then American sports, like rugby, basketball, volleyball, golf, boxing, and tennis followed in rapid succession. Each new sport brought with it a plethora of foreignisms. Most underwent varying degrees of change in French. Some retained their Anglo‐American origins; others have been replaced. Still others, while keeping their orthographies, have undergone peculiar changes in meaning and function. The author concludes that because many sports have become increasingly popular in French society, the replacement of Anglicisms will be virtually assured. Other, more “elitist” sports like polo and golf will not encourage such replacement.

Financial Guidance of Students' Organizations

DUCATION in business and financial matters is one of the important aspects of studentorganization guidance. Wherever money is raised or spent by student organizations, there will be problems of safeguarding and budgeting funds, keeping accounting records, and preparing financial statements. Since student-organization advisers are not always equipped to counsel in this area, special advisory facilities are being utilized to an increasing extent, particularly in institutions where the educational values of studentorganization activities are appreciated. In recognition of the need for specialized personnel, Brooklyn College, one of the four municipally supported colleges in the city of New York, has developed the nucleus of a program utilizing the half-time services of one of the instructors of accounting, a certified public accountant, who was appointed with the title of financial adviser and auditor. The program was instituted in February, 1940. The value of the services was readily appreciated by most of the larger organizations on the campus, such as the Student Self-Government Association, the several major publications, and the Men's Athletic Association. The financial adviser and auditor devises simplified accounting records to meet the variety of needs of the organizations served, prepares financial statements, assists in the planning of budgets, and counsels on financial problems that arise. He works primarily with the student officers but also with the faculty advisers of organizations. Little time remains to audit the records from which the statements are prepared, and only one organization, the Student SelfGovernment Association, has been given certified statements. The point of view has been primarily educational. It has been the constant endeavor to teach the need for accurate and adequate records, to point out the responsibility of individuals properly to account for funds entrusted to them, and to show the advantages of financial planning. Financial planning is just as much a part of the function of the organization and its members as any other activity. This includes planning not only for the current semester or year but also for the years ahead. Where budgets must be based on a somewhat

Projects of Our Girls' Athletic Association

Projects of Our Girls' Athletic Association

The Illinois League of High School Girls' Athletic Associations

The Illinois League of High School Girls' Athletic Associations

A State League of High School Girls' Athletic Associations

A State League of High School Girls' Athletic Associations

Training Rules and the Athletic Association

(1927). Training Rules and the Athletic Association. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 500-505.

Excerpts from the Handbook of the Women's Athletic Association, University of Wisconsin, 1924

Excerpts from the Handbook of the Women's Athletic Association, University of Wisconsin, 1924

Excerpts from the Handbook of the Women's Athletic Association, University of Wisconsin, 1924

Excerpts from the Handbook of the Women's Athletic Association, University of Wisconsin, 1924

Excerpts from the Handbook of the Women's Athletic Association, University of Wisconsin, 1924

Excerpts from the Handbook of the Women's Athletic Association, University of Wisconsin, 1924

Book Reviews

Abstract How to be an Athlete. By Charles Edward Hammett, and Carl Leonard Lundgren, with Introduction by John L. Griffith. Published 1923, by D. C. Heath & Co., Boston. 313 pages. Illustrated. Price $4.00. How Our Bodies are Made. By R. M. Wilson, M. B., Ch. B. Obtained through Oxford University Press, New York City. Published 1923, by Henry Froude and Hodder & Stoughton, London, England. Illustrated. 246 pages. Price $1.75. Elementary Equitation. Principles of Horseback-Riding. By Baretto de Souza. Published 1922, by E. P. Button & Co., New York. Illustrated by Victor Nickol, under the direction of the author. 338 pages. Price $3.50. Summer Camps—Boys and Girls. Being a brief account of an inland voyage to over 200 New England Camps for boys and girls, undertaken for The Red Book Magazine, by Henry Wellington Wack, F. R. G. S., June to September, 1923, with observation on, and an appraisal of, the character, conduct and recreative functions of American camps and their increasing value as factors of culture in the development of American youth, together with their consideration as inspirational adjuncts of our National Educational System. With an introduction by Dr. Dudley A. Sargent. Published 1923, by the Red Book Magazine, Dept. of Education, New York City. 124 pages. Price $1.25. The Dietary of Health and Disease. For the Use of Dietitians, Nurses and Instructors in the Sciences that Pertain to Nutrition. By Gertrude I. Thomas. Publish 1923, by Lea & Febiger. 210 pages. Illustrated. Price $2.25. Single Line Marching Tactics. By S. C. Staley. Published 1923, by the University of Illinois, Coaching School. Price $1.00. How to Box. How to Train. By Mike Gibbons. Published 1923, by Gibbons' Athletic Association, St. Paul, Minn. How To Box, 78 pages. Price $2.00. How To TRAIN, 48 pages. Illustrated. Price $1.00. The Prevention of Disease in the Individual. By Kenelm Winslow, B. A. S., M. D. Second Edition thoroughly revised. Published 1923, by W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Price $2.00. The Ski-Runner. By E. C. Richardson. Obtained in this country through Charles Scribner's Sons. Published 1909, by the author from London, E. C. 240 pages. Illustrated. Price $1.25. How to Ski, and How Not to. By Vivian Caulfield. Published 1921, by Charles Scribner' Sons, New York. Illustrated. 286 pages. Price $2.75. Skiing Turns. By Vivian Caulfield. Published 1923, by Charles Scribner's Sons. Revised Edition. Price $2.75. Roughing it Smoothly. By Eton Jessup. Published 1923, by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London. 247 pages. Price $2.50.

An Accounting System for High-School Organizations

In most large high schools the records of school funds are kept by the treasurers of the different organizations. Each treasurer makes separate reports, keeps separate accounts, and does separate banking. The athletic association has its treasurer; the Junior class has its treasurer; the Senior class has its treasurer, and so on down the long list of organizations which are in every large high school.

Athletic Association Is Part of a University

Athletic Association Is Part of a University