Running Athletes Research Articles

Autograft Choice and Jumping Performance After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Comparative Study on Professional Athletes.

The extensor apparatus of the knee is of paramount importance in generating the torque needed for a countermovement jump (CMJ), especially in jumping athletes. In anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) procedures, graft harvesting from the extensor apparatus may dramatically affect extensor strength and jumping performance. The focused jump training of professional jumping athletes would increase the likelihood of restoring jumping performance after ACLR, despite the graft choice (autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone [BPTB] or hamstring [HS] tendon). Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. A retrospective evaluation of prospectively collected data was carried out. Only professional athletes were included, and all surgical procedures were performed by a single experienced surgeon. Data collection considered the type of surgery, sports activity, and functional evaluation at 3 months after surgery. From the functional evaluation, data on single-leg hop (SLH) test, triple hop (TH) test, and CMJ were extracted. Limb symmetry index (LSI) for maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the quadriceps and for each of the jumping tests was calculated. Multiple analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to assess mean differences among groups for the LSI in CMJ, SLH, and TH and estimate the effect of confounders. From a subsequent series of 208 athletes, 44 professional athletes were included for data collection. Of these, 26 were male and 18 were female. A jumping sport (basketball, volleyball) was played by 17 athletes, while a running sport (soccer, judo, rugby, tennis, ski) was performed by 27 athletes. The mean time from injury to surgery was 17.8 ± 14.5 days. At 90 days from surgery, the overall mean LSI for CMJ was 85.3% ± 8.9%, for SLH was 92.2% ± 6.4%, and for TH was 90.8% ± 6.1%. When ANCOVA was fitted using the interaction term with BPTB autograft and jumping sport, a nonsignificant effect on LSI for CMJ (P = .56), SLH (P = .72), and TH (P = .98) was observed. The results of the present investigation on professional athletes showed that no difference occurred within the study cohort in overall jumping performance between jumping and running athletes undergoing ACLR either with BPTB or with HS tendon grafts. Although some evidence suggests that quadriceps strength may be dramatically affected by the harvesting of BPTB, the overall performance of the jump was not compromised.

Breathing variability during running in athletes: The role of sex, exercise intensity and breathing reserve

Highly trained aerobic athletes progressively use most of their breathing reserve with increased exercise intensity during whole-body exercise. Additionally, females typically present proportionally smaller lungs than males. Therefore, sex, exercise intensity, and breathing reserve use likely influence the volume and time in which respiratory parameters vary between consecutive breaths during whole-body exercise. However, breath-by-breath variability has been scarcely investigated during exercise. Accordingly, we sought to investigate breath-by-breath pulmonary ventilation (V̇E), tidal volume (VT), and respiratory frequency (fR) variability during a maximal treadmill incremental exercise test in 17 females and 18 males highly trained professional endurance runners. The breath-by-breath variability was analyzed by root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) within 1-minute windows. Females had lower absolute and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) than males, as well as lower height-adjusted absolute FVC than males. V̇E and VT reserve use were similar between the sexes at peak exercise. While RMSSDV̇E and RMSSDfR did not change over exercise (P > 0.05), RMSSDVT progressively decreased (P < 0.001). RMSSDVT was negatively correlated with VT reserve use only in males. Females showed lower RMSSDV̇E than males during the entire exercise test (P < 0.001). At iso-V̇E reserve use, between-sex differences in RMSSDV̇E persisted (P = 0.003). Our findings indicate that exercise intensity decreases VT variability in professional runners, which is linked to VT reserve use in males but not females. Additionally, the female sex lowers V̇E variability regardless of exercise intensity and V̇E reserve use.

Self-Massage Training in Overcoming Post-Training Fatigue for Running Athletes

This service aims to provide training to athletes and track coaches in Gorontalo City regarding self-massage techniques to effectively overcome post-workout fatigue so that they can improve performance and speed up muscle recovery. This service was carried out at the Nani Wartabone Sports Center, Gorontalo City, which used some equipment, namely massage beds, mattresses, foam rollers, massage guns, mats, magnetic therapy back massagers, olive oil, and face towels. The method for this service was designed through field observation procedures, coordination with administrators, Focus Group Discussions, training, and evaluation. The results of this service show that the self-massage training carried out in Gorontalo City was proven to be effective in improving the skills and knowledge of athletes and coaches in dealing with post-training fatigue. The results of the training showed very satisfying participation, productive collaboration, and good application of the material by the participants. The self-massage technique taught was successfully implemented effectively, providing a positive impact on reducing fatigue and increasing the participants' body fitness.

Musculoeskeletal injuries and illnesses in the Spanish and French trail running teams during the WMTRC 2023

IntroductionAs a result of the recent professionalization of trail running, the epidemiology of injury and illness of professional athletes is still unknown. The aim of the study is to describe the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries and illnesses among professional trail runners of two national teams participating at the World Mountain and Trail Running Championships 2023. Material and MethodsThe study included 77 professional trail running athletes from Spanish and French National Teams that competed in the Championships. Data of injuries and illnesses were recorded in “Daily Medical Report on Injuries and Illnesses” form, designed according to the recommendations of the International Olympic Committee consensus statement. ResultsThirty-eight percent of the athletes had an injury or illness; of them 22 % suffered an injury and 16 % an illness. Regarding sport performance, 24 % of the athletes suffered an injury and illness that affect their sport performance and 12 % had to withdraw due to a major injury or illness. By anatomical location foot is the most affected and hyperthermia and dehydration are the most frequent aetiology of illness. ConclusionsMore than one third of professional trail running athletes suffered an injury or illness during the World Championship and around one in ten were unable to finish the competition due to a major injury or illness. The principal cause of withdrawal is dehydration, followed by overuse injuries and acute traumas.

Anxiety And Short Distance Running Performance In Female Athletes

Studi purpose. There are many cases in athletics where performance declines, especially in women, due to excessive anxiety. Often, they think this is a normal thing, but this can have fatal consequences and interfere with the performance of female athletes in short-distance running events. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between anxiety and short-distance running performance in female athletes. Materials and methods. The method used in this research is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach involving 12 female athletes aged 12-15 years. This research uses a total sampling technique. The instrument in this research is the Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) which also takes the results of the 100m sprint data in the Portue 2023 competition to determine the performance of short-distance running athletes. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25 using the Pearson correlation test. Results. The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between anxiety and the short distance running performance of female athletes. Conclusions. The author can conclude that the anxiety experienced by female track and field athletes, especially in the 100m sprint event, must be managed as well as possible because if not, it can cause female track and field athletes to experience a decline in performance.

Plantar Flexor Muscle Activity and Fascicle Behavior in Gastrocnemius Medialis During Running in Highly Cushioned Shoes With Carbon-Fiber Plates.

The purposes of this study were to clarify the electromyography (EMG) of plantar flexors and to analyze the fascicle and tendon behaviors of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) during running in the carbon-fiber plate embedded in thicker midsole racing shoes, such as the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly (VF) and traditional racing shoes (TRAD). We compared the fascicle and series elastic element behavior of the GM and EMG of the lower limb muscles during running (14km/h, 45s) in athletes wearing VF or TRAD. GM EMGs in the push-off phase were approximately 50% lower in athletes wearing VF than in TRAD. Although the series elastic element behavior and/or mean fascicle-shortening velocity during the entire stance phase were not significantly different between VF and TRAD, a significant difference was found in both the mean EMG and integral EMG of the GM during the push-off phase. EMG of the gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) during the first half of the push-off phase was significantly different between VF and TRAD. Present results suggest that VF facilitates running propulsion, resulting in a decrease in GM and GL EMGs at a given running velocity during the push-off phase, leading to a reduction in metabolic cost.

Effect Of Improving Lumbar Mobility, Spinal Stability ; With Core Stability Training To Achieve Per-sonal Best Runner

Running consists of simple basic movements, and to achieve these simple basic movements requires good mobility and stability, because the weakening of mobility and stability of the body causes misalignment or weakness of the legs so as to interfere with the absorption or propulsion phase in leg movement while running. Apply appropriate exercise methods to improve lumbar mobility and spinal stability. One training method that can be used is the core stability training method. Core stability is an exercise model to improve the ability to control the position of trunk movement through the pelvis and legs to allow optimal motion production. This study aims to ascertain whether core stability training can improve lumbar mobility and spinal stability in running athletes. The study used an experimental method with a research pattern using a group pretest-posttest design. 10 running athletes were sampled according to the criteria to be treated in the form of core stability training for 6 weeks. The athletes were assessed before and after training using the Functional Reach Test and Unilateral Hip Bridge Endurance. This study showed that there was a significant effect between core stability training and lumbar mobility (P = 0.000) and spinal stability (P = 0.000) in athletes. The results of this study show that the application of core stability exercises can increase the ability of lumbar mobility and spinal stability, so if the core stability exercises are done properly, they can increase stability in the spine and mobility in the lumbar, which causes dynamic limb movement to be more efficient. Key Words: athletics; Core Stability; Lumbar Mobility; spine stability.

Determination of reference ranges of blood biochemical markers for track and field athletes considering specialization and preparation period

Determination of reference ranges of blood biochemical markers for track and field athletes considering specialization and preparation period

Effects of CurraNZ, a New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract during 1 Hour of Treadmill Running in Female and Male Marathon des Sables Athletes in Hot Conditions: Two Case Studies.

Four weeks before competition in the 2023 Marathon des Sables, a 6-stage, ~250 km running event in the Sahara Desert, we examined the effects of a 7-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract (210 mg anthocyanins per day) on 1 h treadmill running-induced physiological and metabolic responses in the heat (~34 °C, relative humidity: ~30%) in non-acclimatized amateur female and male athletes (age: 23, 38 yrs, BMI: 24.2, 28.4 kg·m-2, body fat%: 29.2, 18.8%, V˙O2max: 50.1, 52.1 mL·kg-1·min-1). During the 1 h run at 50%V˙O2max (speed female: 7.3, male: 7.5 km·h-1), indirect calorimetry was used, and heart rate was recorded at 15 min intervals with core temperature monitoring (0.05 Hz). The 1 h runs took place 3 h after a light breakfast and 2 h after intake of the final dose of New Zealand blackcurrant extract with water allowed ad libitum during the run. The New Zealand blackcurrant extract had no effects on the female athlete. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of the female athlete in the non-supplement control condition was 0.77 ± 0.01, indicating an existing ~77% contribution of fat oxidation to the energy requirements. In the male athlete, during 1 h of running, fat oxidation was higher by 21% (p < 0.01), carbohydrate oxidation was 31% lower (p = 0.05), RER was 0.03 units lower (p = 0.04), and core temperature was 0.4 °C lower (p < 0.01) with no differences for heart rate, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide production for the New Zealand blackcurrant condition compared to the non-supplement control condition. Seven-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract (210 mg anthocyanins per day) provided beneficial physiological and metabolic responses during exertional heat stress by 1 h of indoor (~34 °C) treadmill running in a male Marathon des Sables athlete 4 weeks before competition. Future work is required to address whether New Zealand blackcurrant provides a nutritional ergogenic effect for Marathon des Sables athletes during long-duration running in the heat combined with personalized nutrition.

Impact of midsole thickness on physiological responses during running in well-trained athletes

Introduction Modern running shoes have revolutionized long-distance performances by decreasing the amount of oxygen athletes need when running at a given speed, which is termed running economy. In 2022, World Athletics imposed an upper limit of 40 mm for midsole thickness, possibly to prevent shoes from having an overemphasized role in performance. This ceiling, however, seems arbitrary, and a better understanding of whether midsole thickness affects running economy is needed. This study therefore investigated if midsole thickness affects oxygen consumption both indoors and outdoors, as early findings from treadmill studies may not translate to overground running. Methods Following a familiarization trial including an incremental test, 16 well-trained male runners (weight 70 ± 6 kg, age 28 ± 5 years, peak oxygen uptake, V̇O2peak 64 ± 4 ml O2･kg-1･min-1, peak running speed 20.0 ± 0.8 km･h-1) completed two testing visits, once on a treadmill and once on a track, each consisting of twelve 5-min runs at submaximal speed (16 km･h-1) alternating three different footwear conditions: an entry-level running shoe (EL, 30 mm midsole thickness) and two carbon-plated modern running shoes with midsole thickness of 40 and 50 mm, respectively. The shoe order was randomized and balanced between each of the four replicates. Gas exchange and heart rate were continuously measured throughout the runs. Results Running with 40 mm shoes reduced V̇O2 compared with EL shoes by 2.4 ± 1.1% on the treadmill and 4.0 ± 1.2% when running overground (both p &lt; 0.001). Running with 50mm shoes also decreased V̇O2 compared with EL shoes both on the treadmill (-2.7 ± 1.6%, p &lt; 0.001) and overground (-4.6 ± 1.8%, p &lt; 0.001), but no differences were detected between the modern shoes (40 mm vs. 50 mm treadmill: +0.3 ± 1.3%, p = 0.586; overground: +0.6 ± 1.4%, p = 0.189). Similarly, heart rate was lower compared with the EL shoes in both the 40 mm shoes (treadmill -1.3 ± 0.6%; overground -2.0 ± 0.6%; both p &lt; 0.001) and 50 mm shoes (treadmill -1.6 ± 0.7%; overground -2.3 ± 0.6%, both p &lt; 0.001), but no differences were detected between the modern shoes (40 mm vs. 50 mm treadmill: +0.3% ± 0.6%, p = 0.106; overground: +0.4 ± 0.6%, p = 0.090). Interestingly when running overground V̇O2 decreased over time for the 50 mm shoes, reaching significance between replicates 1 and 4 (p = 0.017), which was not the case for the 40 mm shoes (p = 0.817). The V̇O2 ratio between the 50 mm and 40 mm shoes was 1.003 in replicate 1 and 0.987 in replicate 4 (p = 0.108). Discussion/Conclusion Our data suggests that a 50 mm midsole does not offer significant benefits compared with race-legal 40 mm midsole shoes when tested over short durations. The 50 mm shoes cause a noticeable decrease in V̇O2 over time when used outdoors, which may reflect a learning effect to this unfamiliar midsole thickness. Longer test sessions may be necessary to reveal the actual impact on running economy of shoes with over 40 mm midsoles.

ANALISIS ANTROPOMETRI INDEKS MASSA TUBUH PADA PELARI JARAK PENDEK ACEH BESAR

Short distance runners are not only required to have a good physical component of running speed, but body mass index must be taken into account and affect running speed. Selection of short-distance runners athletes body dimensions must be in the mesomorph body type. The purpose of this study was to determine the anthropomentry of body mass index in Aceh Besar short distance runners. This study uses a quantitative approach method with descriptive type. The population and sample of this study were short-distance running athletes totaling 10 people with total sampling technique. Data collection of this study through body mass index measurement tests (IMT) and 100 meter running speed. The results showed that: 1) the average body mass index (IMT) of Aceh Besar running athletes is 20.1, has a BB Less with a frequency of 4 athletes (40%) and normal BB with a frequency of 6 athletes (60%), and (2) the average 100 meter running speed is 14.46 seconds, the fastest time is 12.2 seconds. The conclusion of the study is that the average body mass index of Aceh Besar running athletes is 20.1 in the normal category (60%) and produces an average 100 meter running speed of 14.46 seconds

The Relationship between Personality Traits and Effectiveness of Ethiopian Athletes in Long Distance Running

The Relationship between Personality Traits and Effectiveness of Ethiopian Athletes in Long Distance Running

The effect of Clarke’s angle variability on the static and dynamic balance of different sports

Background: Flatfoot affects postural control by altering the biomechanics of the lower limb, sensory input, and proprioception. Poor static and dynamic balance can influence the physical performance of competitive sports athletes and increase the risk of lower limb injury. Footprint analysis using Clarke’s angle (CA) is easy to perform and has good diagnostic performance as an alternative flatfoot assessment for a large athlete population. Our study aims to determine the effect of CA variability on the static and dynamic balance of different sports using the one-leg stance (OLS) and star excursion balance test (SEBT). Methods: This is an analytic observational study with a retrospective cohort design. Medical record data from 209 athletes’ feet from 11 sports were collected to determine the subjects’ characteristics and research variables. Curve estimation and regression tests were performed to assess the effect of CA variability on the OLS and normalized reach distance of SEBT (NSEBT). Results: The mean CA of all athletes was 44.82±11.14o. The mean time of OLS of all athletes was 47.78±40.54 seconds. The least and the farthest average normalized reach distance was done in the anterolateral direction (79.06±11.88 %) and posterior direction (93.45±18.98 %). There is no effect of CA variability on the OLS of all sports, male and female athletes. There is an effect of CA variability on the OLS of Wushu athletes, also on the NSEBT of whole athletes (lateral, posterolateral, posterior, posteromedial directions; male athletes (posterolateral direction); female athletes (anteromedial direction); and different sports, includes athletic (anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, posterior, posteromedial, medial, anteromedial direction); fencing (anterolateral direction); and running (anterolateral, lateral, posterior, posteromedial, medial, anteromedial, composite directions). Conclusion: Clarke’s angle variability significantly affects the static balance of Wushu athletes and the dynamic balance of athletes in athletics, fencing, and running.

ANALISIS KONDISI FISIK DOMINAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AGILITY DAN KEMAMPUAN LARI SPRINTER ATLET ACEH MENJELANG PON ACEH – SUMUT

This study aims to obtain a number of information, understanding in order to improve the agility and dominant physical condition of Acehnese sprinters, especially ahead of the grand opening of the sports field. This type of research is descriptive evaluative, namely: a study that tries to describe various phenomena, events and events and symptoms that exist in the present. The research method used is the experimental method by performing agility abilities and physical condition abilities of sprinter athletes. The population in this study were 15 special athletes built ahead of PON. The sample was taken using random sampling technique which amounted to 10 people. Data collection techniques are carried out using three test items, namely: agility, leg muscle explosive power, speed, and 100 meter running ability. The results obtained in this study are tests and analyzes the ability of 100 meter runners PON running athletes, with an average score of 96.7 in the high (good) category with the following details: (1) as many as 10 respondents were in the high category with a percentage level of 90.12%, (2) as many as 6 respondents were in the medium category with a percentage level of 60.4%. Conclusion, thus the high ability to run the 100 meter distance of Aceh PON sprinters is at the level of agility and the dominant physical component of 100 meter runners, so overall it is in the very good category, with details: agility, leg muscle explosiveness of 100 meter runners of PON athletics is in the very good category, agility, speed of 100 meter runners, is in the very good category, the ability to run 100 meters of 100 meter runners can be said to be in the very good category and very ready to compete, especially at national scale events. So that it can be categorized as an agility category, the dominant physical condition of 100 meter runners PON athletics athletes is said to be in the very good category.

A new temporal framework for the passionate engagement journey of ultra-endurance athletes: A qualitative investigation.

The explosion of popularity of ultra-endurance (UE) sports in the last 20 years has attracted a lot of interest amongst sport psychologists who studied many aspects of their participants. However, a temporal perspective on the development of the UE engagement was missing. With this research we aimed to explore the long-term individual journeys of UE athletes and how their passion developed over time from the moment of inception to full adoption of UE as an identity and a lifestyle. For this purpose, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 UE athletes (12 male and 4 female, mean age 43.4, SD 10) in cycling, trail running and triathlon. Five key themes (with 13 sub-themes) of their UE engagement journey emerged as the result of the interpretative phenomenological analysis of the interviews: 1) The making of the UE athlete, 2) Finding the tribe, 3) Peak experiences, 4) UE lifestyle and 5) UE passion and outcomes. Rich descriptions were generated demonstrating that the development journey of UE athletes is a multi-year, sometimes life-long endeavour, which is full of unique experiences, emotional rollercoasters, passion, overcoming and surrender stories and also of spiritual growth. And while each journey we heard was unique, we could observe similarities in its key milestones. We summarized them in a wholistic UE journey framework which we developed based on this research. The new "Temporal framework for progressive UE engagement and passion development" is presented here for discussion and further validation.

Be Aware of the Benefits of Drafting in Sports and Take Your Advantage: A Meta-Analysis.

In competitive sports, optimizing performance is the key. An interesting venue to explore is to consider drafting as a pacing strategy. The purpose of this study is to identify the magnitude of drafting benefits for biomechanical, physiological, and psychobiological parameters in and between athletes in cycling, kayaking, running, skating, skiing, and swimming. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. In total, 205 studies were found, from which 22 were relevant (including 232 participants and 548 observations). Methodological quality was high for all the included articles. The meta-analyses for all parameters indicated strong evidence for a benefit of drafting, with moderate effects between leading and drafting athletes found for the heart rate (3.9%), VO2 (8.9%), power output (11.3%), and rating of perceived exertion (10.4%). Large effect sizes were found for blood lactate (24.2%), VE (16.2%), and EMG (56.4%). A moderator analysis showed differences between sports on the effect of drafting with most benefits in cycling. Discussion. Based on the observed effects of drafting in the biomechanical, physiological, and psychobiological parameters, it can be considered as an element of pacing, a strategy to conserve energy and optimize performance. There is strong evidence that drafting benefits athletes, with varying levels of effect for athletes in different sports. Knowledge about the magnitude of benefits can be used to improve training sessions, race strategies, and performance in competition.

Effects of massage therapy and exercise therapy on recovery of shin splints injury in women's long distance running athletes

The high intensity of running athletes’ training to overtraining and athletes who are not optimal even forget to do stretching and cooling down causes shin splints injuries. This certainly interferes with the performance of athletes during training and competitions. This study aims to determine the effect of massage therapy and exercise therapy on the recovery of shin splint injuries in female long-distance runners in the master category. This type of research uses a quasi-experimental approach with a One-Control Group Pretest-Postest Design research design. The data collection technique used tests and measurements with a goniometer to measure the range of motion of the joints and a pain scale to determine the level of pain. The population in this study were female marathon athletes aged 42 years and over. The data analysis technique used the paired t-test after previously going through the normality test and homogeneity test. The results showed that there were significant differences in the treatment of massage therapy and exercise therapy, namely decreased pain and increased joint ROM with a value of p = 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05).

Preliminary Assessment of the Acute Effects of Far Infrared-Emitting Garments: What Are the Possible Implications for Recovery and Performance?

Technical clothing has recently been brought into the spotlight as one of the most promising tools to improve sports performance and to enhance sports recovery. Among technical clothing items, garments engineered to emit far infrared (FIR) spectrum frequencies have come to the fore as a treatment for pain, muscle fatigue, and tissue healing due to their potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, with applications not only during recovery phases but also in the active phases of exercise. These garments, composed of fibers mixed with noble metals and/or bioceramics that respond to body infrared frequencies by returning an FIR emission backwards, are thought to improve muscle oxygenation and therefore recovery. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, ten male trail running athletes wore a whole-body-covering suit marketed as Accapì-FIR (Bruno Chiaruttini S.r.l., Rezzato, BS, Italy), while a total body suit with the same polyester fiber without metal components was used as control for the intervention. Parameters such as weight, height, bioimpedance parameters (BIVA), lactate from capillary sampling, salivary cortisol, and average temperatures of different body areas were obtained before and after a twelve-minute incremental work run protocol on a treadmill whilst wearing the two kinds of garment. Using the intervention suit, compared to control, statistically significant reductions in BIVA parameters such as body resistance (-6.7%) and reactance (-5.4%) were observed before and after exercise while a greater, but not significant, weight reduction was observed with the intervention suit. Decrease in resistance could be the result of a different distribution of fluids and ions due to FIR influence on capillary and superficial circulation, leading ultimately to more efficient management of body heat and promoting recovery and supercompensation. Further studies on larger samples will be necessary to confirm and clarify these results.

PHYSICAL CONDITION TEST OF TRAIL RUNNING ATHLETES IN CENTRAL SULAWESI PROVINCE 2023 PRAPON PREPARATION

Trail running sports are carried out in the mountains or outdoors which have tracks in the form of paths, in the form of earthen stones or mixed with sand and small rocks. Indonesia, especially the Province of Central Sulawesi, has adequate facilities to develop a type of trail running sport. The purpose of this study was to find out how good the physical condition of the trail running athletes in Central Sulawesi Province was in preparation for the 2023 PrePON. The sample in this study was 15 trail running athletes in Central Sulawesi Province. Data collection techniques using tests and measurements. The instruments used in measuring physical conditions in this study were 1) speed (30m run), 2) strength (leg dynamometer), 3) strength (push dynamometer), 4) explosive power (vertical jump), 5) flexibility (sit and reaches), 6) Agility (4x10m shuttle run) 7) Endurance (1600m run). The results showed that there were 0 athletes or 0% in the Very Good category, there were 8 athletes or 53.3% in the Good category, there were 7 or 46.7% in the Moderate category, there were 0 athletes or 0% in the Poor category and there were 0 athletes or 0% in the Less Once category. So it can be concluded that the physical condition of the trail running athletes in Central Sulawesi Province is in the Good category

Prevalence of urinary incontinence in Crossfit and Running athletes

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is prevalent in athletes but needs further study. Aims: To compare the prevalence of UI among female CrossFit practitioners and female runners. Method: Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study, composed of physically active nulliparous women, practitioners of CrossFit or running for at least 6 months, 3 times a week, evaluated by the ICIQ-SF. Results: Of the 223 volunteers, 62 were included. CrossFit Group (G1 n=31) and Running Group (G2 n=31). In G2, 19 (61.3%) had UI against 11 (35.5%) in G1, reporting UI on several occasions, mostly unrelated to sports practice. Conclusion: UI is more prevalent in female runners when compared to female CrossFit practitioners. Furthermore, it was noticed that, in general, urinary incontinence is more recurrent in high-impact sports, associated with a negative impact on the quality of life of these women.