Athletic Teams Research Articles

High School Student-Athletes: Their Motivation, Study Habits, Self-Discipline, Academic Support, and Academic Performance

Study purpose. Student-athletes have a role that is not easy to balance between the role of being an athlete and the role of being a student at school. Not a few of them have obstacles in balancing both roles. This study aims to reveal the characteristics of secondary school student-athletes in Bengkulu City. The main objectives are to describe the level of achievement motivation, study habits, self-discipline, academic support, and academic performance. Materials and methods. This study is a quantitative descriptive research with a survey approach involving 402 student-athletes at the junior high school and senior high school levels. The student-athletes represent 16 sports. The average age of student-athletes is 15.9 years. The instrument used in the study was a questionnaire consisting of 36 statement items. The mean ideal and standard deviation ideal formulas were used to analyze data regarding the category level of each indicator, while the independent sample t-test was used to determine differences in data between student-athletes based on gender and type of sport. Results. The results of this study reveal that student-athletes in Bengkulu City have achievement motivation, study habits, self-discipline, academic support, and academic performance in the high category. There is a significant difference between male and female student-athletes (sig 0.001 < 0.005). There were no significant differences between student-athletes from individual and team sports (0.442 > 0.005). Conclusions. Student-athletes at junior high school and senior high school education levels have good characteristics, there are significant differences between male and female athletes, and there are no significant differences between individual athletes and team athletes.

Maturity Status and Relative Age of Elite Taekwondo Youth Competitors-Case Study on Croatian National Team.

This study examines the maturity status and relative age effect in elite youth taekwondo Croatian National Team athletes. Measurements of biological age, maturity offset, and body composition were taken from a sample of 17 junior athletes. Differences in maturity status were observed among athletes of the same chronological age, with variations in sitting height and age at peak height velocity. Male athletes generally exhibited higher values in body height, percentage of body fat, muscle mass, and total body water. No significant relative age effect was found. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual biological age and maturity status for talent development and training program adjustments. Further research involving athletes from different countries is recommended to validate these results and enhance the understanding of youth taekwondo athlete development.

SPORT VALUES AND PERSONAL TRAITS AMONG THE ATHLETES OF IRAQI NATIONAL TEAMS


 The subject of values is considered as one of the significant topics in psychology because it was determinants of the behavior of the human , and therefore got the attention of many scientists and researchers . The research aims at : 1. Identifying the level of sport values for the athletes of Iraqi national teams.2. Identifying the level of personal trait for the athletes of Iraqi national teams.3. Identifying the relationship between sport value and personal traits for the athletes of Iraqi national teams.The research use the descriptive approach. The sample of study was (734) Olympic and non-Olympic Games athletes, the study instrument was conducted on( 120) athletes selected from some different sports.In light of the research results, the researchers concluded that:1.The athletes of Iraqi national teams enjoy high positive sport values.2.The athletes of Iraqi national teams enjoy high positive personal trait .3.There is apositive correlation between sport value and personal traits among the athletes of Iraqi teams.
 

The Acute and Long-Term Effects of Olympic Karate Kata Training on Structural and Functional Changes in the Body Posture of Polish National Team Athletes.

The aim of this study was to assess the acute and long-term effects of karate kata training on body posture (range of motion (ROM)) and musculoskeletal pain in elite karate athletes. Twelve kata athletes from the Polish national team participated in the study. A cross-sectional study protocol was used, with direct participatory observation (NMQ-7/6 questionnaire, spinal curvatures and spinal ROM testing, ROM of joints) and natural experiment (225 min of kata training) methods of assessment. Age and number of weekly kata sessions were found to correlate with ROM of the lumbar spine (R = (-0.6), p < 0.05). High increase in the prevalence of lumbar hypolordosis and posterior pelvic tilt was noted after karate training sessions. ROM of the inclination in the sagittal plane differed significantly between the first and second trials, by 10.0 degrees on average. Kata stances and their movement pattern seem to be related to the occurrence of disturbances in the ROM of the internal and external rotations of the hip joints and decreased depth of the lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt, and their ROM. The locations of the long-term musculoskeletal complaints (NMQ-6) seem to result from compensatory changes that occur in the musculoskeletal structures as a result of elite-level kata training.

Pengaruh Latihan Target Menggunakan Kaki Bagian Dalam Terhadap Akurasi Shooting Bagi Atlet Tim Futsal SMAN 1 Kadugede

Introduction. This research was carried out because the futsal team athletes at SMAN 1 Kadugede were less enthusiastic and interested in the training methods provided so the training was less than optimal. This study aims to determine the effect of target training using the inside of the foot on shooting accuracy in athletes from the futsal team at SMAN 1 Kadugede. Method. The type of research used in this research is experimental and one group pretest posttest research design so that all samples receive treatment. The treatment given by researchers was 12 meetings with a frequency of 2 times a week. Sampling in this study used total sampling, so that there were 20 athletes from the SMAN 1 Kadugede Futsal Team. The research instrument used in this study was a shooting accuracy test using the inside of the foot towards a predetermined target in the goal area. Data analysis used the t test (paired sample t test) with a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS 26 software. Results. The results of the research that has been carried out show that there is a significant increase, from the mean pretest result of 20.00 and posttest of 22.35, there is an increase with a difference of 2.35. Conclusion. The results of this research prove that target training using the inside of the foot on shooting accuracy for athletes from the futsal team at SMAN 1 Kadugede has a significant influence.

Independent data collectors decrease bias in the measurement of adherence to anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs

ObjectivesStudies on adherence to neuromuscular training (NMT) for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention are frequently biased due to the use of self-reporting by coaches or the athletes themselves. Few NMT studies use data collectors (aside from the athletes or the individuals administering the NMT program) to decrease bias when assessing the adherence of coaches and sports teams. We hypothesized that the use of a data collector who is independent of the team to evaluate adherence to NMT programs would be reliable. MethodsIn a prior a cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating adherence to NMT training trial, twelve boys' and nine girls' high school athletic teams in a variety of sports were enrolled. Eight data collectors (unaffiliated with the NMT program) were hired specifically to record adherence of the athletes to the NMT exercises at each team's warm-ups 2–3 times a week, prior to practices and games. In addition to the data collectors, a control group of independent observers made visits throughout the season to also record adherence (solely for the purpose of this study, alongside the data collectors and in the same fashion) in order to evaluate the data collectors' performance and determine inter-observer reliability. The inter-observer reliability between data collectors and independent observers was measured using the Kappa statistic. ResultsA total of 399 warm-ups for practices or games were observed by data collectors to obtain adherence data. Independent observers also measured adherence at 58 practices or games for inter-observer reliability. Exercise instruction and alignment cues for 29 different exercises were analysed. The Kappa values ranged from 0.63 to 1.0, indicating substantial to perfect agreement. The overall Kappa values of 0.89 and 0.90 for exercise instruction and alignment cues, respectively, indicated almost perfect agreement. ConclusionThe use of a data collector who is independent of the team to evaluate adherence to NMT programs (rather than athlete or coach self-reporting), was shown to be a reliable method for measurement of adherence in studies of NMT for injury prevention. Avoiding self-reporting in adherence research to NMT training may decrease bias. Level of EvidenceI.

Risk of low energy availability and nutrition knowledge among female team sport athletes.

Nutrition knowledge influences adequate dietary intake in athletes. Inadequate dietary intakes can result in low energy availability (LEA) which can lead to relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). To date, there is little information on the relationship between nutrition knowledge and the risk of LEA in female team sport athletes. This study investigates if general and sports nutrition knowledge are associated with the risk of LEA in female team athletes. A cross-sectional design was used. Female athletes (>16 years) who participate in team sports in New Zealand were asked to complete an online questionnaire. The LEA in Females Questionnaire and the Abridged Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire were included. LEA risk and general/sports nutrition knowledge were assessed. The relationship between LEA risk and knowledge was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test of independent variables and χ2 tests. Among 100 female athletes, 53% were at-risk for LEA, and 70% (N.=67) had poor nutrition knowledge. Athletes who were "at-risk" for LEA and those who were "not at-risk" for LEA did not differ statistically in terms of age (P=0.350) or BMI (P=0.576). Of those "not at risk" 54% had an A-NSK score between 50 and 60% (i.e., average knowledge), whereas 54% of the athletes who were "at risk" for LEA had poor nutrition knowledge. There was no statistical difference between the groups (P=0.273). The poor nutrition knowledge and the high rates of those "at risk" of LEA among team sports athletes indicates the need for more nutrition education in this population.

Is Burnout a Determinant of Moral Disengagement in Team and Individual Sports?

This study aims to reveal the relationship between moral disengagement and burnout, the level of prediction, and differentiation by different variables. In the present study, in which the relational scanning model among the quantitative research models was used, 530 elite athletes were involved. The athlete burnout scale (ABQ) and moral disengagement in sports scale (MDSS-SF) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis, regression analysis, t-test, and ANOVA. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the burnout level of the athletes was positively related to moral disengagement and the level of burnout was a predictor of moral disengagement in sports. It was found that there was no significant difference between burnout and moral disengagement levels of team and individual sports athletes, that the moral disengagement level of male athletes was significantly higher than that of female athletes, and that male team athletes’ level of burnout in sports was significantly higher than that of female team athletes. Moreover, the burnout-in-sports score of athletes having 12 years or longer sportive experience in individual branches was significantly higher than that of athletes having 7-11 years and that of athletes having a minimum of 6 years of experience. In this study, it was concluded that athletes’ level of burnout in sports increased the level of moral disengagement, that male athletes had a higher level of moral disengagement, and that long experience in sports increased the burnout among individual branch athletes.

COPING WITH SPORTS INJURIES AMONG INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORT ATHLETES

In the study, we aimed to explore the differences between individual and team athletes due to their coping with sports injuries. The research consisted of qualitative and quantitative parts: one interview and two questionnaires were recorded. Due to our country's rudimentary form of prevention and rehabilitation procedures for sports injuries, the study would show different results compared to a foreign sample. The practical benefit of the study lies in this, as the more information available about the differences in the psychological functioning of athletes, the more specific help can be provided to them during the activity of a sports psychologist.

Investigating Differences in Perceived Stress Between Injured and Non-Injured NCAA Division II Student-Athletes During COVID-19

Introduction: Little research has examined perceived stress of injured student-athletes (SAs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate if differences existed in perceived stress between injured and non-injured SAs during the pandemic. It was hypothesized that differences would be seen between the two groups with injured SAs exhibiting higher perceived stress scores.Methods: A total of 158 NCAA Division II SAs competing on 12 different athletic teams volunteered to complete an online demographics/historical questionnaire and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale designed to measure the degree to which individuals believe their life has been unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded during the previous month. An independent samples t-test was performed with an alpha level of p≤0.05 to examine differences in perceived stress scores.Results: A significant difference in perceived stress scores with a medium effect size was observed between injured and non-injured SAs [t(156)=3.18, p=0.002, d=0.51], with injured SAs (21.62±7.19) demonstrating higher scores than non-injured SAs (18.17±6.35).Conclusions: As hypothesized, results showed that injured SAs exhibited higher perceived stress when compared to their counterparts during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings are similar to existing literature where injured SAs demonstrated higher stress scores than non-injured SAs during pre-pandemic times.

Dimensions of Team Effectiveness: Towards an Improved Team-Building Program for Beginning Athletes

Many coaches use engaging team activities at the beginning of training to help players or athletes understand each other, but team-building activities can help with a sense of accomplishment among team members. That is why coaches use group work by adopting multiple strategies and methods (such as team building) even in any sporting event. These activities help, athletes understand each other, develop sports skills, social skills, listen carefully to instructions, cooperate with each other, and feel more comfortable in the team. Building a team in any sports group creates a sense of community and connection, making each, athlete's game easier and more fun. Coaches who want to join team building activities in teams will find it easy to get many different sources of ideas and technology. Lumsden (2018) found that "when a healthy environment exists and morale is high, athletes feel good about each other and feel fulfilled from the performance of their heirs." To make the team successful requires more than one individual athlete working for his or her teammates' goals. This requires a team of athletes and even coaches working together to accomplish many of the tasks of the team. Sports teams may commit to venue-based decision making, sports improvement programs and curriculum reform, implementing new programs or restructure existing plans.

Sport Psychology Practitioners’ Contributions to the Drafting Process of a Professional Esports Team: A Case Study

The role of sport psychology practitioners in contributing to the drafting process of athletes in teams, by providing their input on athletes’ psychological makeup, has become a common practice. Similar to traditional sport, esport organizations also engage in drafting periods to identify the next talents. Yet, a paucity of literature exists examining practitioners’ experiences of operating during such trial periods in the esport context. In this case study, we outline our process of being involved as sport and exercise psychologists in training during a professional National Overwatch team draft period for the 2023 Overwatch World Cup. As a supplementary resource to help staff during the selection process, we created player psychological profiles by assessing their psychological qualities through formal observation. Following the trials, we established an after-care service to support released players to monitor their well-being. We discuss the various hurdles we experienced during the trial period as sport and exercise psychologists in training by sharing a series of reflections.

A68: Volleyball Coaches' Leadership Behaviors and Athletes' Competition Anxiety

Purpose: Volleyball is not only a contest between technical and tactical levels, but also a duel between psychological and tactical aspects. Coaches' leadership behaviors play a key role in athletes' trust, team effectiveness and competition status. Coaches' leadership behaviors, as perceived from the athletes' perspective, have a greater impact on athletes' competition anxiety than the actual leadership behaviors of coaches. The purpose of this study was to examine how athletes perceived the possible role of coaches' leadership behaviors on college men's volleyball players' competition anxiety and the possible mediating effect of athletic self-confidence in it was examined. Methods: 216 athletes from 18 teams in the Men's Preliminary Volleyball Event of the Fourteenth Student Games of the People's Republic of China in 2020 were selected for the study. The questionnaire contained the Coaches' Leadership Behavior Scale, the Sports Competition State Anxiety Scale-2, and the Sports Self-Esteem Scale. The data collected were tested for reliability and validity and factor analysis using SPSS25.0 statistical software; structural equation model construction, goodness-of-fit tests, validation factor analysis and mediating effect tests were conducted using AMOS22.0 software. Results: (1) Positive feedback behavior by coaches had a significant negative effect on competition anxiety (standardized path coefficient of -0.205) and sport confidence mediated the effect value between the two -0.098 (32.3% of the total effect); (2) Socially supportive behavior had a significant negative effect on competition anxiety (standardized path coefficient of -0.294) and sport confidence mediated the effect value between the two -0.163 (35.7% of the total effect); (3) Coaches' authoritarian behavior had a significant positive effect on athletes' competition anxiety (standardized path coefficient 0.090). Sport confidence mediated the effect value between the two 0.059 (39.6% of the total effect); (4) Athletes' perceived training instructional behaviors had a significant negative effect on competition anxiety (standardized path coefficient of -0.261) and sport confidence mediated the effect value between the two -0.339 (56.5% of the total effect). Conclusion: (1) Among the five dimensions of athletes' perceived coaches' leadership behaviors, college men's volleyball athletes' perceived coaches' training guidance behaviors, social support behaviors, and positive feedback behaviors significantly reduced their own competition anxiety status, but the degree of impact varied; (2) the pathway of athletic self-confidence of college men's volleyball athletes' impact on competition anxiety was verified, and it was found that athletic self-confidence significantly reduced athletes' competition anxiety to a greater extent; (3) sport self-confidence partially mediated the relationship between athletes' perceived positive feedback behaviors from coaches, training guidance behaviors, social support behaviors and authoritarian behaviors and athletes' competition anxiety.

The Effect of the Task-Oriented Leadership Style of Coaches on the Moral Decision-Making of the Players of the Iraqi National Athletics Team with the Mediating Role of Team Satisfaction

The Effect of the Task-Oriented Leadership Style of Coaches on the Moral Decision-Making of the Players of the Iraqi National Athletics Team with the Mediating Role of Team Satisfaction

The Effect of the Duty-Oriented Leadership Style of the Coaches on the Level of Commitment and Ethical Decision-Making of the Players of the Iraqi National Athletics Team with the Mediating Role of Team Satisfaction

The Effect of the Duty-Oriented Leadership Style of the Coaches on the Level of Commitment and Ethical Decision-Making of the Players of the Iraqi National Athletics Team with the Mediating Role of Team Satisfaction

Investigation of Acute Effects of Thoracic Manipulation on Trunk Flexion and Balance in Athletes

The aim of this study is to examine the acute effects of thoracic manipulation on trunk flexion and balance characteristics in athletes. 60 male team athletes with a mean age of 22.60±0.32 years participated in the study voluntarily. Trunk flexion values and balance levels of all participants were determined before manipulation. After the measurements, the participants were randomly divided into two groups as the thoracic manipulation group (TMG) and the placebo manipulation group (PMG). Then, as a single session, thoracic manipulation was applied to the TMG group and placebo thoracic manipulation was applied to the PMG group. The trunk flexions and balance levels of each participant were remeasured after the application, and the differences before and after the application were examined. Since the data analyzed via SPSS 25.0 package program showed normal distribution, paired-t test was used to evaluate the pre-application and post-application results. The results were analyzed at the p&amp;lt;0.05 significance level. In the results of the study, it was determined that there was a significant improvement in the standard deviation of forward and backward sway (FBSD), medial-lateral sway (MLSD) and used perimeter (P) parameters in post-application static balance. A significant improvement in the mean balance error monitoring (ATE) parameter in the post-application dynamic balance was also determined. An increase in trunk flexion values was observed in the TMG group after the application. As a result, it is concluded that high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) thoracic manipulation application provides instant positive contributions to trunk mobility and balance feature in athletes.

Coaching teamwork: Team sport athletes’ and coaches’ perceptions of how coaches facilitate teamwork

To date, research on teamwork in sport has largely focused on defining the construct and examining its relationships to emergent states and outcomes. By comparison, little is known about the antecedents (e.g., leadership) that promote teamwork behaviors in team sports. The purpose of this study was to explore what specifically sport coaches can do to develop teamwork within their teams. Using a critical realist approach, we conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with participants who competed in interdependent team sports (n = 8 athletes, n = 7 coaches). The data were thematically analyzed whereby three higher-order themes (comprising nine subthemes) were generated. The themes included (1) Crafting a teamwork recipe, (2) Come together, stay together, and (3) Maximizing teamwork in action. Specifically, coaches can facilitate teamwork by: (re)structuring selection practices, carefully considering team compositions, and encouraging role commitment (Theme 1); emphasizing coach-athlete relationships, promoting meaningful connections between teammates, and managing perceptions of favoritism (Theme 2); and crafting team-focused tactics, promoting athlete-led teamwork, and managing healthy internal competition (Theme 3). In summary, coaches appear to play an important role in facilitating teamwork. Specifically, coaches could consider looking beyond individual talent and skill during the team selection process, promoting strong bonds with their players and amongst teammates, and focusing on team-first training and execution tactics. Recommendations for future research and additional implications for those working in the applied field (e.g., coaches, sport psychologists) are also discussed. Lay summary: This study explored how team sport coaches might facilitate teamwork within their teams. Based on interviews with eight coaches and seven athletes, we identified how coaches utilize the following factors to promote teamwork: team selection, roles, coach-athlete relationships, athlete-to-athlete support, favoritism, tactical systems, athlete leadership, and internal competition.

8. CHANGES IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION DURING TRAINING OF ATHLETIC ATHLETES AND SWIMMERS

Objective: Assess the total energy needs during the general and professional preparation phases (total energy consumption) for national athletic athletes and swimmers. &#x0D; Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with analysis. This research evaluates the Total Energy Expenditure (TTEE) in track and field athletes participating in sprints, jumps, and throw events (2 men, 3 women), as well as swimmers specializing in sprint and medium-length events (3 men, 2 women) in Ho Chi Minh City National Sports Training Center in February 2023. Heart rate monitoring devices were employed to assess the Exercise Energy Expenditure (ExEE) during professional training. Additionally, the study employed methods to calculate Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Physical Activity Level (PAL). Energy consumption was calculated during the first 10 days of both the general and specific preparation phase. &#x0D; Results: In the athletics team, there was a significant increase in ExEE from 684.46 kcal (SD = 324.5) during the general preparation phase to 936.12 kcal (SD = 636.3) in the specific preparation phase (Sig = 0.007*). TTEE also rose from 2795.7 kcal (SD = 494.5) to 3062.66 kcal (SD = 802.1) (Sig = 0.005*). In contrast, swimmers displayed a slight but statistically insignificant rise in ExEE from 2981.08 kcal (SD = 843.45) to 3237.88 kcal (SD = 751.9) and TTEE from 4811.86 kcal (SD = 941.5) to 5068.34 kcal (SD = 864.6) (Sig = 0.094). &#x0D; Conclusion: The swimming team required greater energy for their training process compared to the track and field athletes.

The Coaching Principles Self - Study: Outdoor Sports Events Coach Experiences

This qualitative descriptive study deals with the coaching principles of outdoor sports events as the coaches’ experience. The study was conducted at the Physical Education and Health Sciences of Chongqing Normal University in China. The researcher utilized 10 coaches of outdoor sports including volleyball, tennis, track and field, and football coaches who were chosen using the purposive sampling. The study therefore recommends that: 1) Coaches should prioritize their own development by staying updated with the latest coaching techniques, sports science, and research. 2) Adopting a student-centered approach involves understanding the unique needs and abilities of each individual on the team. 3) Coaches should develop well-structured training plans and set clear, achievable goals for both the team and individual athletes. 4) Coaches should foster a positive and supportive environment where athletes feel encouraged to learn and grow. 5) Coaches must conduct risk assessments and develop risk management plans to ensure the safety and well-being of their team. 6) Building strong team unity and positive relationships among team members can lead to improved cooperation and performance. 7) Recognizing that athletes have different learning styles and needs, coaches should tailor their teaching methods to accommodate individual differences.

The role of sport coaches on student-athletes’ life skills development and transfer: Using multilevel model analysis

A structured sport environment is known to provide adequate conditions for the development and transfer of student-athletes’ life skills. However, recent research not only emphasizes the environment but also argues that the intentional effort of coaches such as life skills coaching is important. This study examines the role of coaches’ life skills coaching on the development and transfer of athletes’ life skills using a multilevel model. A total of 28 high school athletic teams (28 coaches, 291 student-athletes) were recruited to participate in the study, using cluster sampling. The life skills coaching of Level 2 (coaches) in sports were measured using the Korean version of the Coaching Life Skills in Sport Questionnaire (CLSS-Q). The life skills of the student-athletes at Level 1 were measured using the Life Skills Scale for Student-Athletes (LSSSA) and Korean version of Life Skills Transfer Survey (LSTS). Multilevel model analysis was conducted to analyze dyadic data. The result of analysis showed that three hypotheses were supported. Specifically, life skills development of student-athletes affected life skills transfer (Hypothesis 1), life skills coaching affected student-athletes’ life skills transfer (Hypothesis 2), and the interaction effect between life skills coaching and development affected life skills transfer of student-athletes (Hypothesis 3). We conclude that coaches should use intentional life skills coaching strategies to maximize student-athlete life skills development and transfer to daily life.