Asynchronous Modes Research Articles

The Implementation of Blended Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Language Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 Pandemic has disrupted interaction and communication between teachers and students in teaching and learning. Hence, online learning becomes recourse to reach students’ presence. Both are separated into divergent space and time. However, in practice, students get inconvenience in apprehending and receiving knowledge on screen given by teachers. Accordingly, certain manners have been led to solve and to simplify remote teaching by combining both synchronous and asynchronous learning modes. This study aimed to explore, to investigate, and to describe students’ perceptions and learning practices at implementation of online language learning using blended synchronous and asynchronous communication. Data obtained was from the observation, the interview, the students’ questionnaire derived from the Google Form, and the need analysis in the preliminary study toward higher students of Nahdlatul Ulama University of Yogyakarta majoring English Education Department. It was a case study research design. The descriptive and quantitative analysis was used to describe and to interpret the obtained data from respondents. The results showed that the students were more enthusiastic with the combination between synchronous and asynchronous learning modes than videoconference only. Furthermore, evidences represented the students were motivated with asynchronous tools such as WhatsApp, Google Docs, and Google Classroom with the reasons: easy to reach communication, cheap in costs, multifunction, and fast in responses. In acquiring clear interaction and a direct meeting, the live conference like Zoom and Google Meet became the right preferences for both teachers and the students.

Online Learning amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Providing Assessment that Ensures Meaningful Learning Experience

The paper aims to explore how assessment with principles can be utilized by a teacher during online learning in pandemic situation. Since at the end of year 2019, SARS-CoV-2 virus, also well-known as COVID-19, has affected the global activities including education. Many governments decided to shift the education process from traditional face-to-face classroom to online learning either in synchronous or asynchronous modes. By utilizing systematic review as a method of study, the databases from ERIC, Google Scholar, and DOAJ were used to collect some articles that were related to the studies. These articles were selected through the process of identifying, screening, checking for eligibility, and deciding for inclusion. The findings indicated there are some modes of assessment that not only is it plausible, the varied kinds of assessment would also be a solution for the current real-life educational problems faced by the teachers.

Formation of Communicative Competence of Foreign Students in Conditions of Distance Learning

The article addresses to the issue of communicative competence formation of foreign students in the conditions of distance learning. The number of foreign students has been determined, which currently are studying in Ukrainian universities. The introduction of distance learning is emphasized to be one of the ways to modernize higher education. The concepts of “distance learning” and “competence” has been clarified. The problems which arose at the beginning of the widespread implementation of distance learning are noted. One of the adaptation advantages of distance learning is holding frequent large-scale online meetings. Articles of domestic and foreign scientists on distance education and communicative competence formation to foreign students are covered. It was found that the main factors influencing the communicative competence formation to students are professional orientation, humanistic style of communication and focus on the cultural aspect. The requirements for teacher’s of higher educational institutions have been defined in order to form communicative competence in foreign students. The relevance of distance learning implementation in the educational process has been emphasizes. The scientist, who first started the research on distance learning, found out the differences between online and traditional learning. Emphasis is placed on synchronous and asynchronous modes of distance learning. The essence of complex learning has been also revealed. The advantages and disadvantages of distance learning are investigated. The process of organizing educational activities online is presented – which is a foreign language learning. Educational platforms for the distance learning organization are presented. The advantages of working on the platform “Moodle” and “Coursera” are revealed. Conclusions are made regarding the raised issue.

Fed2A: Federated Learning Mechanism in Asynchronous and Adaptive Modes

Driven by emerging technologies such as edge computing and Internet of Things (IoT), recent years have witnessed the increasing growth of data processing in a distributed way. Federated Learning (FL), a novel decentralized learning paradigm that can unify massive devices to train a global model without compromising privacy, is drawing much attention from both academics and industries. However, the performance dropping of FL running in a heterogeneous and asynchronous environment hinders its wide applications, such as in autonomous driving and assistive healthcare. Motivated by this, we propose a novel mechanism, called Fed2A: Federated learning mechanism in Asynchronous and Adaptive Modes. Fed2A supports FL by (1) allowing clients and the collaborator to work separately and asynchronously, (2) uploading shallow and deep layers of deep neural networks (DNNs) adaptively, and (3) aggregating local parameters by weighing on the freshness of information and representational consistency of model layers jointly. Moreover, the effectiveness and efficiency of Fed2A are also analyzed based on three standard datasets, i.e., FMNIST, CIFAR-10, and GermanTS. Compared with the best performance among three baselines, i.e., FedAvg, FedProx, and FedAsync, Fed2A can reduce the communication cost by over 77%, as well as improve model accuracy and learning speed by over 19% and 76%, respectively.

The Effectiveness of the Functional Training for Pharmacy and Food Junior Expert Supervisors during Pandemic with Blended Learning Methods

The Functional Training for Pharmacy and Food Junior Expert Supervisors has been conducted since 2019 with classical face-to-face method (offline). In early 2020, the method was replaced with blended learning methods using asynchronous and synchronous modes. The Covid-19 Pandemic requires the synchronous approach, initially conducted offline face-to-face with the participants, to replace online meetings using a video meeting application. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the functional training for pharmacy and food junior expert supervisors with the blended learning method. This research performed a quantitative parametric method using the Mann-Whitney test method. The number of offline training respondents was 59 people, and online training (blended learning) respondents were 753 people. The variable used to measure the effectiveness was the training evaluation. The study results indicated that the online activity of the Pharmacy and Food Junior Expert Supervisors was more effective than the offline training. This result was proved by The Mann-Whitney test method using SPSS. The evaluation result before the Covid-19 Pandemic with the classical method was significantly different from Blended learning during the Covid -19 pandemic, which was more effective. In this study, researchers also employed SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis to explore essential aspects for continuing this training. Thus, the blended learning method is effective and continues using an online video meeting application

Exploring the Impact of Synchronous, Asynchronous, and Bichronous Online Learning Modes on EFL Students’ Self- Regulated and Perceived English Language Learning

The aim of this mixed method study was to investigate the influences of synchronous, asynchronous, and bichronous learning modes on students’ self-regulated and perceived learning in learning English language online. The influential differences among modes were also explored. Three intact groups of first year non-majored undergraduate university students (N = 142) enrolling in the online Foundation English course at a public university in Thailand were assigned to the researcher as the participants of the study. Three different learning modes were appointed randomly to three different groups of students; synchronous (n = 53), asynchronous (n = 42), and bichronous (n = 47) online learning modes over a 5-week of 12-week period. After that, the primary synchronous online learning mode preferred by the university resumed for asynchronous and bichronous learning. As for synchronous learning, the instruction remained the same as it already focused on real-time communication. The Online Self-Regulated English Language Learning Questionnaire (OSELLQ), the Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor (CAP) perceived learning scale, and the learning diary were used to collect data. The results revealed that each mode both uniquely promoted and obstructed participants in self-regulated and perceived English language learning, by providing a specific opportunity for the participants to self-control their learning with an expectation of the participants-modes compatibility. This expectation led to a varied level of perceived English language learning in different learning modes.

Transient switching dynamics between asynchronous and synchronous modes in a bidirectional ultrafast fiber laser

Continuous interest in bidirectional ultrafast fiber lasers not only reinforces the practical applications in coherent dual-comb spectroscopy but also enriches the understanding of soliton dynamics in nonlinear systems. However, the transient dynamics of bidirectional solitons are still unexplored. Here, we report on an observation of the switching dynamics in a net-anomalous-dispersion bidirectional ultrafast fiber laser which can operate in both asynchronous and synchronous operations. Transient switching dynamics between the asynchronous and synchronous states are demonstrated, which is accompanied by switchable and weak interaction between bidirectional solitons. The dynamical evolution and output properties of the asynchronous and synchronous bidirectional solitons are investigated respectively. Stable breathing solitons in the synchronous operation show opposite behaviors in both spectra and pulse energy dynamics, which vary with different pump powers. Our findings provide insight into the transient dynamics in ultrafast lasers and contribute to the understanding of nonlinear systems in general.

Effects of Interactive Music Tempo with Heart Rate Feedback on Physio-Psychological Responses of Basketball Players.

This paper introduces an interactive music tempo control with closed-loop heart rate feedback to yield a sportsperson with better physio-psychological states. A total of 23 participants (13 men, 10 women; 16–32 years, mean = 20.04 years) who are professionals or school team members further guide a sportsperson to amend their physical tempo to harmonize their psychological and physical states. The self-tuning mechanism between the surroundings and the human can be amplified using interactive music tempo control. The experiments showed that listening to interactive music had a significant effect on the heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of the basketball player compared to those listening to asynchronous music or no music during exercise (p < 0.01). Synchronized interactive music allows athletes to increase their heart rate and decrease RPE during exercise and does not require a multitude of preplanned playlists. All self-selected songs can be converted into sports-oriented music using algorithms. The algorithms of synchronous and asynchronous modes in this study can be adjusted and applied to other sports fields or recovery after exercise. In the future, other musical parameters should be adjusted in real-time based on physiological signals, such as tonality, beats, chords, and orchestration.

NCCollab: collaborative behavior tree authoring in game development.

Game development is a collective process in which a variety of different professionals from different backgrounds collaborate together not only by means of conversational interaction but also collaborative participation, one of which is programming. While collaborative and pair programming solutions exist for text-based programming languages, visual programming has not enjoyed as much attention. These solutions would not only address advanced forms of business communication among team members but could find their use in distance learning, which would have been useful during the pandemic. In our work, we propose a solution for collaborative behavioral animation of NPCs using behavior trees through synchronous and asynchronous modes of collaboration. We conducted a user study with 12 moderately skilled game development university students who were placed in groups of two and engaged in joint fixed behavior tree development tasks using the synchronous and asynchronous modes and auxiliary features of live preview, access and restoration of previous states from behavior tree history, conflict resolution, and instant messaging. Participants also completed a control task where no collaboration was involved and auxiliary features were not available. Feedback form Creativity Support Index, a self-developed questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview were collected. Additionally, task completion times were logged. The results indicate that the two collaborative modes provide expected improvement over the control condition. No significant differences were found between the two collaborative modes. However, the semi-structed interview revealed that the synchronous mode could be useful for quick prototyping, while the asynchronous mode – for most other situations.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11042-022-12307-2.

Five Lessons from a Year of Teaching Social Dance Online

When the COVID-19 pandemic pushed dance education online, it required us to adapt how we teach. Although teaching virtually wasn’t always easy, it gave us many new opportunities to learn and grow. In this article, we share five lessons we learned from a year of teaching social dance online at our university. In particular, we discuss how teaching online caused us to question many of our previous assumptions, pushed the boundaries of what we previously thought possible, revealed unexpected benefits of online and asynchronous modes of education, and reaffirmed that dance can have a significant impact on the lives of our students both on and off the dance floor. Based on these five lessons, we provide five questions that can inspire us as dance educators to create even more impactful experiences for our students going forward.

Exploring U.S. students’ takeaways from a cross-Pacific COIL project

English imperialism has helped form the dominance of one-way communication from Native English Speakers (NESs) to English learners, resembled in the existing literature of international education and exchange education (i.e. study abroad programs). Such unbalanced foci in the ongoing scholarship of exchange programs, including Virtual Exchange (VE), do not equally represent the whole participating parties of collaboration and furthermore overlook the learning needs and achievements from NESs. Noticing such a gap in the scholarship, the author intended to explore what NESs and native speakers of more than English have taken away from a Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) project between a university in China and a Hispanic-Serving Institution in the U.S. Twenty-one U.S. students in a writing-as-processes course were asynchronously collaborated with 20 students in a reading-writing course in China over ten weeks. The COIL data of this case study was from U.S. students’ reflections on the peer review giving and given and their COIL reflections. The qualitative findings revealed that Peer Feedback (PF) via COIL broadened participants’ insight about contrastive rhetoric, English as pluralistic, and cross-cultural communication. The COIL project also offered multi-dimensional enrichment and promoted 21st century skills in general. The participants expected some form of continuous VE projects, similar to the current COIL project, in the subsequent semesters. Those findings implied practical considerations of how to further develop COIL – synchronous or/and asynchronous modes, multi-layered collaborations, individual and collective communication, and a balance among students’ autonomy, technology support, and instructors’ affordability of additional arrangements for details. The significance of the study lies in the fact that the findings would help mitigate and balance scholarly attention to students’ takeaways from both participating parties.

Strategies of Teaching and Learning Process for Young Learners during the Pandemic

This study was conducted to investigate the strategy and activities in the teaching and learning process during the pandemic in Aura Sukma Insani Kindergarten and to investigate the teachers’ problems during the process of teaching English to Young Learners during the pandemic. This research used a descriptive qualitative method, i.e., case study. The research data are derived from observation, interview, documentation, and document analysis. The subject of this research was 3 classes (with 18-21 students each class) in B level (age 5-7). The interview is semi-structured with three teachers and a school principal as informants. The theory used in this research is the teaching and learning theory from Brown (2001). This study concluded that Aura Sukma Insani Kindergarten applied blended learning and applied both synchronous and asynchronous modes of learning during pandemics. Besides, to support the teaching and learning process, the school has a special program namely, orientation and induction programs, and reflection and follow-up program. In addition, the problems of teachers are mainly about the adaptation, emotional bonding, limited time allotment, students’ mood and focus, students’ social skill and characters, teachers’ preparation, parents’ involvement, lack of facilities and technical skill and cost. The results of this study have important implications for classroom practice as it can be used as a resource and as the foundation for more detailed information strategy of the teaching and learning process during the pandemic.

Parameter Optimization of Asynchronous Cyclic Waterflooding for Horizontal-Vertical Well Patterns in Tight Oil Reservoirs.

Tight oil resources in China are mainly exploited by staged-fractured horizontal wells; horizontal wells face the problems of the rapid decline rate and low primary oil recovery. Pilot tests on the asynchronous cyclic waterflooding for the horizontal–vertical well pattern were carried out in recent years and achieved good performance. However, there are few studies on the influencing factors and parameter optimization of asynchronous cyclic waterflooding, which limits its wide application. This work took the tight oil reservoir in Yanchang formation, Fuxian area, Ordos Basin as its object, and the oil recovery mechanisms of asynchronous cyclic waterflooding for the horizontal–vertical well pattern were analyzed first. Then, the operation parameters of asynchronous cyclic waterflooding were optimized by the numerical simulation method. Among them, the injection proportion was optimized by the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method. Finally, the oilfield test was carried out based on the optimized parameters. The results showed that pressure disturbance and streamline deviation are the main oil recovery mechanisms of asynchronous cyclic waterflooding. The asynchronous mode of the diagonal well row is better than other asynchronous modes. For the injection time interval, injection–production ratio, and the injection and shut-in time, the cumulative oil production all show the trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in these parameters. The optimal injection time interval and injection–production ratio are 0.5 T and 1, respectively. The optimal injection and shut-in time can be calculated by empirical formulas. Ultimately, the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model was established to optimize the injection proportion. Field practices showed that the average daily oil production of horizontal wells was increased from 1.7 to 3.0 m3 with the optimized parameters, which further verified the accuracy of the optimized parameters. This research can provide theoretical support for the effective development of tight oil reservoirs.

The Organization of a Foreign Language Distance Learning in Quarantine During the Postmodern Era

The article addresses organization of distance learning of foreign languages in quarantine during the postmodern era. It is noted that organization of distance learning in the educational process is very important. It was clarified that distance learning is based on synchronous and asynchronous modes. The essence of the concepts of “distance learning”, “asynchronous learning”, “synchronous learning”, “quarantine” is explained. Articles of domestic and foreign teachers and scientists analysing the broached subject were reviewed. The article highlights advantages and disadvantages of distance learning. It has been studied that for students studiing foreign languages remotely, an interesting form of learning is watching TV shows and movies. The digital programs and the essence of their advantages are also given. The researchers’ view on the effectiveness of multimedia presentations, trainings, games is given. It is also found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is hard for parents to work on the platforms unlike children. The platforms for synchronous and asynchronous learning are separated. It is noted that teachers with primary school students use visual forms of learning to interest children and to present new material in a clear and accessible way. During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual communication is found prevaling in postmodern society. It is noted that a foreign language can be learned through a Facebook group. It is investigated that learning foreign languages requires special attention to development of communication skills. The problems that arose in teachers during the organization of distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic are studied.

Communication apprehension in the online presentational speaking course: Considerations for synchronous course meetings and asynchronous presentations

ABSTRACT As institutions of higher education continue to offer online instruction, educators and administrators of presentational speaking courses must adapt their classes for various modes of online delivery. One primary consideration for adapting a presentational speaking course to online delivery is how students will experience communication apprehension and/or public speaking anxiety in online communication contexts. The instructional communication field is rife with research about students’ experiences with speech anxiety and communication apprehension. However, little work has explored how students’ experiences may differ when the primary mode of course communication and course presentations is mediated through either synchronous or asynchronous modes of online communication. If these anxieties in face-to-face settings can deter students’ academic and professional goals (Richmond et al., Communication apprehension, avoidance, and effectiveness [6th ed., Pearson, 2013]), researchers should investigate students’ experiences in online courses. The current study begins to fill this gap. We analyze qualitative responses (N = 178) to an open-ended survey distributed to undergraduates in presentational speaking courses. Thematic analysis revealed the uniqueness of online communication apprehension and its similarities to face-to-face communication apprehension. Implications for administrators and instructors of presentational speaking courses are offered.

Application of the UTAUT Model for Acceptance Analysis of COBIT Implementation in E-Learning Management with Microsoft Teams on Distance Learning in Batam City

Since March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and in line with Merdeka Belajar - Kampus Merdeka, higher education institutions have conducted distance learning in asynchronous and synchronous modes, such as video meetings using Microsoft Teams and provide e-learning. In order to reach the goals and strategies of the higher education institutions, universities implement several control objectives within the COBIT 5 framework, so they can use and manage resources efficiently, provide the best education for students. This study aims to analyze the acceptance level of the COBIT implementation in higher education institutions by using the UTAUT model in E-Learning management, the use of Microsoft Teams and distance learning. This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal explanatory research design. Dissemination of the survey was conducted by simple random sampling at 6 (six) universities in Batam City. This study reveals that E-Learning management, the use of Microsoft Teams, and the application of distance learning together have a significant influence on the implementation of COBIT with an acceptance index of 85.5%, which refers to the satisfying category.

TRANSITIONING TO ONLINE OR NOT: ANALYSIS OF THE ENGAGEMENT AND PREFERENCES OF LEARNERS

ABSTRACT In view of the COVID-19 virus, many institutions had to abruptly switch from face-to-face, traditional teaching approach to online, and some institutions adopted the hybrid approach. Faculties were undergoing training to develop or enhance their skills for online teaching mode, and students were trying to adapt to the new learning platform, which undoubtedly affected their engagement and perceived learning. The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges experienced by the students while participating in the hybrid or face-to-face, synchronous or asynchronous learning modes or platforms due to COVID. Specifically, this study investigated the students': (1) participation or engagement preferences for online or face-to-face classes, (2) perception of the effect of the learning platform on their digital literacy, (3) preference for learning platform/mode, (4) perception of the learning platform’s effect on their interpersonal relationship (social skills), (5) preference for testing platform and their collaboration tendency, and (6) perception of the quality of their online learning environment and digital access equipment. The subjects included 83 students who enrolled in economics class and 46 who enrolled in accounting classes. The data were collected using a survey questionnaire provided through a Qualtrics link to 129 participants. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 27. Results showed those who liked online learning platform have a perceived better learning online, and similarly, those who liked face-to-face learning environment have a perceived better learning on face-to-face environment. Those who like online learning platform are more engaged and participate in online activities. They also prefer taking their tests online. Other avenues for further research and some of the limitations are presented in the paper. Keywords Face-to-face engagement, participation, online testing, learning environment, COVID.

EFFICIENCY OF DISTANCE LEARNING FOR FUTURE PHILOLOGISTS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The article is devoted to the questions of organizing English distant classes for future philologists and verifying the efficiency of the suggested approach. Distance learning was conducted at National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” in the third and fourth semesters of the academic year 2020-2021. Second-year students (two groups) of the Faculty of Linguistics, specialty 035 “Philology”, specialization 035.041 “Germanic languages and literature (including translation), primary – English” participated in the distance learning. The educational process in the distance mode encompassed distant classes, held through the video conferencing platform Zoom, and students’ individual work, performed at the learning management system Canvas. The efficiency of teaching English distantly to future philologists was checked by conducting pre- and post-assessments with subsequent processing of the received data by methods of mathematical statistics. The efficiency of distance learning in general was verified using the statistical criterion φ* – Fisher z-transformation. The minimal sufficient achievement rate, used for Fisher z-transformation, was identified based on the fuzzy set theory by processing opinions of a group of experts. Lecturers at Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Department of the English language Theory, Practice and Translation were chosen as experts (ten respondents in total). The efficiency of distance learning in each group was verified using paired sample t-test. The results of the data processing by statistical methods proved the efficiency of the suggested approach to organizing distant English classes for future philologists that ensured combination of synchronous (using video conferencing platform Zoom) and asynchronous learning modes (using the learning management system Canvas). The results of the survey conducted among the participants of the educational process showed a positive attitude to the organization of the distance learning using the service Zoom and the system Canvas.

Is Telerehabilitation a Viable Option for People With Low Back Pain? Associations Between Telerehabilitation and Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to examine associations between frequency of telerehabilitation (TR) and outcomes of functional status (FS), number of visits, and patient satisfaction during COVID-19 and to compare FS outcomes by TR delivery mode for individuals with low back pain.MethodsPropensity score matching was used to match episodes of care with or without TR exposure by the probability of receiving TR. FS, visits, and satisfaction were compared for individuals without TR and those who received care by TR for “any,” “few,” “most,” or “all” frequencies (4 matched samples), and FS was compared for individuals receiving synchronous, asynchronous, and mixed TR modes (3 matched samples). Standardized differences were used to compare samples before and after matching. Outcomes between matched samples were compared using z tests with 95% CI.ResultsThe sample consisted of 91,117 episodes of care from 1398 clinics located in 46 states (58% women; mean age = 55 [SD = 18]). Of those, only 5013 episodes (5.5%) involved any amount of TR. All standardized differences between matched samples were <0.1. There was no significant difference in FS points (range = 0–100, with higher representing better FS) between matched samples, except for episodes that had ``few'' (−1.7) and ``all'' (+2.0) TR frequencies or that involved the asynchronous (−2.6) TR mode. These point differences suggest limited clinical importance. Episodes with any TR frequency involved significantly fewer visits (0.7–1.3) than episodes with no TR, except that those with the “most” TR frequency had non-significantly fewer visits (0.6). A smaller proportion of individuals with TR (−4.0% to −5.0%) than of individuals with no telerehabilitation reported being very satisfied with treatment results, except for those with the “all” TR frequency.ConclusionsA positive association between TR and rehabilitation outcomes was observed, with a trend for better FS outcomes and fewer visits when all care was delivered through TR. Satisfaction tended to be lower with TR use. Overall, this observational study showed that for people with low back pain, physical therapy delivered through TR was equally effective as and more efficient than in-person care, with a trend of higher effectiveness when used for all visits during the episode of care. No differences in FS outcomes were observed between care delivered with synchronous and mixed TR delivery modes and care delivered with no TR. However, the asynchronous mode of TR was associated with worse functional outcomes than no TR. Although the majority of people were very satisfied with their treatment results with and without TR, very high satisfaction rates were reported by a slightly smaller proportion of individuals with TR versus those without TR. Our results suggest that TR is a viable option for rehabilitation care for individuals with low back pain and should also be considered in the post–COVID-19 era.

Flow-induced pulsations in Francis turbines during startup - A consequence of an intermittent energy system

Hydraulic turbines are increasingly responsible for regulating the electric grid, due to the rapid growth of the intermittent renewable energy resources. This involves a large increase in the number of starts and stops, which cause severe flow-induced pulsations and fluctuating forces that deteriorate the machines. Better knowledge of the evolution of the flow in the machines during transients makes it possible to avoid hazardous conditions, plan maintenance intervals, and estimate the costs of this new kind of operation. The present work provides an in-depth and comprehensive numerical study on the flow-induced pulsations and evolution of the flow field in a high-head model Francis turbine during a startup sequence. The flow simulation is carried out using the OpenFOAM open-source CFD code. A thorough frequency analysis is conducted on the fluctuating part of different pressure probes and force components, utilizing Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) to extract the evolution of the frequency and amplitude of pulsations. Low-frequency oscillations are detected during the startup, which are induced by the complex flow structure in the draft tube. A decomposition is performed on the draft tube pressure signals, and the variations of the synchronous (plunging) and asynchronous (rotating) modes are studied. The plunging mode is stronger at minimum and deep part load conditions, whereas the rotating mode is dominant during the presence of the Rotating Vortex Rope (RVR) at part load. The velocity field in the draft tube is validated against experimental data, and the complex flow structures formed during the startup procedure are explained using the λ2 vortex identification method.