Asynchronous Mode Research Articles

Observer-based Finite-time Event-triggered Asynchronous Sliding Mode Control for Interval Type-II Fuzzy Semi-Markov Jump Systems with Quantization and Fading Channels

In this paper, we investigate the finite-time event-triggered sliding mode control(SMC) issue of a class of interval type-II fuzzy semi-Markov jump systems affected by quantization and fading channels. Firstly, the data needs to be quantized by logarithmic quantizers before being transmitted over the channel. To alleviate network pressure, a periodic event-triggered scheme is introduced to govern whether the data are sent to the sensor-tocontroller(S/C) channel or not. As the transmitted data passes through the S/C channel, it could undergo fading. Then, considering the asynchronous issue between the system mode and the controller mode, an asynchronous control scheme is applied; Thereafter, a feasible fuzzy observer-based SMC law is developed, which enables the state trajectories of the system to reach the specified sliding surface within finite-time; And with the aid of the time partition strategy, sufficient conditions for the system to be bounded in finite-time during the arrival and sliding stages are derived. Besides, by means of the linear matrix inequality(LMI) toolbox, the controller and the observer gains are computed. Finally, the advantages of the SMC strategy are validated by emulation products.

Exploratory Factorial Model of Collaboration in the Covid-19 Era

The pandemic impacted the educational systems through anti-COVID-19 policies that are based on the distancing and confinement of people. In this sense, academic collaboration has been reported by the literature from 2019 to 2022 as an asynchronous Internet user strategy. It is a dual factorial structure that explains entrepreneurship and innovation, but does not anticipate scenarios of high risk and intensive use of Internet technologies, devices and networks in synchronous or asynchronous mode. Therefore, the objective of the study was to establish an explanatory model of the impact of the pandemic on academic collaboration. A cross-sectional, psychometric and exploratory study was carried out with a sample of 177 women from a municipality in central Mexico, considering their participation in social services and professional practices. A structure of four factors was found: Internet user, face-to-face, synchronous and asynchronous, which explained the total variance. In reference to the state of the art that exalts a two-factor model, its extension is recommended to anticipate scenarios of increasing risk.

Teaching with social context in instructional video facilitates second language vocabulary learning

Video lectures are becoming an important and accessible way for adults to learn a new second language (L2). Unlike face-to-face classroom teaching, teachers are more challenged by the asynchronous mode of video teaching. Finding more effective teaching methods is a great concern for teachers. The present study examined adults' second language (L2) vocabulary learning in a video-based social learning environment. Participants included 116 Chinese undergraduates. They learned German words through one of three pedagogical video lecture conditions: social-context (SC) condition, picture-phonics (PP) condition, and non-picture phonics (NPP) condition. We measured learners’ learning performance, cognitive load, intrinsic motivation, and learning satisfaction. The results indicated that adult learners in the SC condition performed significantly better in word meaning retention, had significantly higher intrinsic motivation, and perceived significantly lower cognitive load as compared to the PP and NPP conditions. The implications are that teachers could use social learning pedagogy to create a better video-based learning environment for L2 adult learners for better learning performance.

A Case of 25 Inappropriate Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks and 22 Episodes of Antitachycardia Pacing

An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can save lives from fatal tachyarrhythmias. In rare cases, these devices can fail or malfunction. We present a case of a patient that suffered from 25 inappropriate shocks and 22 episodes of antitachycardia pacing (ATP), secondary to a probable non-traumatic dual lead fracture. One episode of ATP induced an R-on-T phenomenon, causing monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in the patient. The inappropriately functioning ICD also required two magnets to be placed on the patient's chest in the emergency department to convert the device to an asynchronous mode. An unexpected case of this magnitude and in such a brief timeframe has not been reported in prior ICD studies.

A Need Analysis on Developing English Interactive Multimodal E-Book Oriented to 21st Century Skills

The need toward availability of online and electronic textbooks (e-books) in language teaching and learning in digital age and 21st century is very considerable. To design and develop an electronic book, teachers should consider all students’ needs. This study aimed to investigate and explore students’ English learning needs, wants, and difficulties of primary education on developing English interactive multimodal e-book integrated with the skills of 21st century including communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity. The case study research design was used to deeply investigate and describe the students’ needs on development of English e-book. To collect data on the students’ necessities, difficulties, and wants for a primary English course design and skills, the researchers used interview and questionnaire. . The researcher interviewed one teacher and three students. For questionnaire, there were three main aspects asked: students’ necessity, wants, and difficulties totally consisting of sixteen questions. Documentation of the teaching and learning activities photos was collected and the data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results included (1) the students’ English skill was considered poor; they had little vocabulary mastery and low motivation toward learning English materials (2) the needs toward the 21st century skills to be included in e-book were very necessary to promote communication, critical thinking, and problem solving skills; (3) inserting various multimodal materials in each task of e-book was needed to increase students’ references, reading comprehension, and digital literacy, and (4) inclusion of various online activities like synchronous and asynchronous mode was highly demanded.

Problems of using elements of distance learning under martial law

The essence of the notions “blended learning”, “distance learning” has been emphasized, and the importance of their understanding in the realm of modern conditions (particularly under martial law) has been highlighted. We consider to assert that all components of blended learning are in the relations of matrix dependence, where any individual component is related to the rest of the components. For instance, if a significant proportion of the use of distance learning loses the environment of real personal communication, as it is carried out either in the electronic information and educational environment by means of messaging, or through the system of web conferencing, webinars, video communication, then blended learning (henceforthBL) corrects this deficiency, as it provides a direct contact with the student and a group of students. Methods. To achieve the goal of the research, such methods as student surveys, analysis, synthesis, study of scientific literature and Internet sources on the pertinent problem of distance learning (henceforth DL), as a key part of BL and its implementation within modern higher education conditions are used. Results. Based on the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, some tendencies in implementation of BL in the system of higher education have been summarized. It has been stated this groundbreaking technology can’t appear on its own and is unable to exist in its pure form but it must be a flexible system of DL, added with a direct interaction of a professor and education applicants during traditional learning that, in its turn, will predominantly allowintensifying the educational process, building out and increasing the effectiveness of independent learning. It is important to justify in the light of modern concept of ВL in higher education that if BL as a new technology cannot appear by itself and cannot exist in its pure form and it must be a flexible system of DL, it has necessitated the study of the status and problems related to using the elements of the latter in war conditions. The features and technological advantages of DL over other organizational forms of learning are investigated, its weaknesses are reflected, which can be leveled by the active use of blended learning models. DL is supposed to take into account the changes that have taken place in the educational information structure of modern society, which determines the relevance of the development and implementation of information and communication technologies ((henceforth ICT). It can be considered as a means of modernizing the education system, enriching the quality of BL by adding extensive application of ICT and lift it to new levels. The ins and outs of the DL implementation have been navigated. Its strengths and weaknesses are subjected to scrunity, where the latter can be weakened or eliminated through the active usage of the advantages of BL as a demanding form of modern education.
 Conclusion. It has been postulated that, firstly, the pertinence to the introduction of BL is predominantly based on the fact that it is impossible to accomplish academic achievements, realizing only one pedagogical technology. Secondly, it is not worth contradicting distance (online) and traditional (face-to-face, offline) learning, drawing attention that nowadays both forms of learning are not being applied in a pure form. Thirdly, DL will never displace offline learning and the main purpose of BL lies in not pushing out this form of learning, but with a view to integrating into it in an effective way. It has been inferred that DL has many problems related to the relationship in the plane of "teacher-student". The quality of DL has deteriorated since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of russia, that made it impossible not only to conduct classroom training, but also limitedthe possibility of conducting DL in synchronous mode. A survey of students has shown that the best ways to solve the problems of learning in modern conditions are obtaining educational information in a mixed (synchronous-asynchronous) mode, mandatory recording of classes and providing shared access to them or to the notes, conducting knowledge control in an asynchronous mode, reducing the amount of independent work and establishing communication between the teacher and students (for quick information about the cancellation, postponement or completion of classes).

Students’ perception of asynchronous versus synchronous distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic in a medical college, southwestern region of Saudi Arabia

BackgroundCOVID-19 preventive measures required a drastic shift to online teaching-learning in most of countries. Institutions used different combinations of live online lectures (synchronous) requiring students to attend the class in real-time, as well as recorded lectures uploaded by the instructors to be accessed by students as per their own convenience (asynchronous). We undertook this study to assess and compare the perceptions of students regarding their learning experiences in the synchronous versus asynchronous mode of instruction using their teaching-learning during the compulsory online mode of instruction at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodologyThis cross-sectional questionnaire-based study received responses from 122 final-year medical students studying at the College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. An online 5-point Likert scale-based questionnaire was used to collect data regarding experience and perception towards synchronous and asynchronous learning. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultAll the students found both synchronous and asynchronous learning to be equally satisfying, enjoyable and comfortable. No statistically significant difference was found when both the methods were analyzed for enhancement of knowledge. The students opined that asynchronous learning helped them manage their time better whereas synchronous learning encouraged more interaction during the live lectures.ConclusionOverall, the students' perceptions regarding both synchronous and asynchronous online learning were positive. As both methods have their advantages/limitations, a mix of both synchronous and asynchronous methods may be adopted depending upon the content of the topic and the desired learning outcomes.

Students’ Perception towards Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning Modes at Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

This study aimed to find out students' perceptions of synchronous and asynchronous learning modes. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatra Utara. This study used a qualitative descriptive method and used random sampling. The subjects of this study were 50 students filling out the questionnaire and 8 students being interviewed. From the results of the study, it can be seen that as many as 72% of students are satisfied with the synchronous learning mode, and as many as 66% of students are satisfied with the asynchronous learning mode. It can be seen that more students like synchronous learning mode than asynchronous learning mode by online learning using whatssapp, google classroom, and zoom application.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ІНТЕРАКТИВНОЇ ДОШКИ PADLET ПРИ ВИКЛАДАННІ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ У МЕДИЧНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article is devoted to how foreign language training of medical students takes place in the distance learning system. It is noted that to increase the competitiveness of a medical worker, in particular a doctor, it is possible if he receives a high-quality higher medical education. In order to optimize the learning of English by future doctors in the distance learning mode, it is important to use two directions of organizing their cognitive activities: firstly, it is the development and implementation of online classes and, secondly, directing future specialists to work independently with Internet resources. Many new opportunities for both teaching and learning foreign languages are represented by digital distance learning technologies. Therefore, in the article, the author considers the expediency of using the Padlet online board during online English classes in a professional direction, as a way of diversifying and increasing the effect of distance learning. The term "Padlet interactive board" is explained, its functions are characterized, namely: visual, informative, interactive. The advantages and possibilities of the Padlet virtual board in the implementation of the educational process were analysed: the availability and freeness of the web resource; easy intuitive use; multimedia; the possibility of simultaneous work of several participants; possibility to adjust privacy; mobility; creative and attractive interface; consistency with other web services; the ability to work in synchronous and asynchronous mode; the ability to save the virtual board in JPEG and PDF format; the ability to work on Android and iOS smartphones; possibility of regular feedback, correction and editing; easy access by link; the possibility of placing the board on other information resources; providing blogging and social bookmarking for Twitter, Facebook, Slack. Key words: distance learning, Padlet interactive board, synchronous learning mode, asynchronous learning mode, future doctors.

EXISTING PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING THE DISTANCE FORM OF PEDAGOGICAL EMPLOYEES QUALIFICATION IMPROVEMENT

The current situation in the country has a decisive impact on the field of education, which leads to a more significant introduction and ubiquitous implementation of distance learning not only for teaching students, but also for training of teachers. Distance learning is characterized as an individualized process of acquiring knowledge, skills, abilities and means of human cognitive activity, which basically occurs through indirect interaction of distant participants of the educational process in a specialized environment based on modern psychological, pedagogical, and information and communication technologies. It is shown in the article that many scientific and methodological works analyze positive aspects of distance learning (e.g., mobility, constant access to materials, blended and / or flipped learning, the ability to involve large numbers of participants, efficiency, new teacher role, work in synchronous and / or asynchronous mode, etc.). The presented research revealed the insufficient coverage of existing problems in distance learning, especially distance learning of teachers by modern scientific works (low level of information and communication competence, lack of Internet, outdated equipment, poor self-organization of students, lack of «live» communication, the problem of personalization, copyright violations, etc.). In the paper, the main stages of the history of distance learning beginning from the XVIII century are described. The effectiveness of introducing distance learning of teachers in the postgraduate system of education is substantiated. We explore and analyze pedagogical, methodological and scientific works devoted to the problems of continuous professional education of teachers, professional development of teachers and their qualification improvement. The problems of implementing the distance form of qualification improvement of pedagogical workers in the system of postgraduate pedagogical education are investigated and described in the article.

Analysis and prediction of UAV-assisted mobile edge computing systems.

As the demand for the internet of things (IoT) continues to grow, there is an increasing need for low-latency networks. Mobile edge computing (MEC) provides a solution to reduce latency by offloading computational tasks to edge servers. However, this study primarily focuses on the integration of back propagation (BP) neural networks into the realm of MEC, aiming to address intricate network challenges. Our innovation lies in the fusion of BP neural networks with MEC, particularly for optimizing task scheduling and processing. Firstly, we introduce a drone-assisted MEC model that categorizes computation offloading into synchronous and asynchronous modes based on task scheduling. Secondly, we employ Markov chains and probability-generation functions to accurately compute parameters such as average queue length, cycle time, throughput, and average delay in the synchronous mode. We also derive the first and second-order derivatives of the probability-generation function to support these computations. Finally, we establish a BP neural network to solve for the average queue length and latency in the asynchronous mode. Our results from the BP neural network closely align with the theoretical values obtained through the probability-generation function, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. Additionally, our proposed UAV-assisted MEC model outperforms the synchronous mode. Overall, our MEC scheduling approach significantly reduces latency, enhances speed, and improves throughput, with our model reducing latency by approximately 11.72$ \% $ and queue length by around 9.45$ \% $.

Analysis and control for ultralow frequency oscillation damping caused by asynchronous networking mode

Analysis and control for ultralow frequency oscillation damping caused by asynchronous networking mode

Analysis and control for ultralow frequency oscillation damping caused by asynchronous networking mode

Analysis and control for ultralow frequency oscillation damping caused by asynchronous networking mode

К вопросу аналитических расчетов режима пуска асинхронного двигателя

Предложена методика расчета переходных процессов пуска асинхронного двигателя как основа математической модели, в которой учитываются фактические параметры и характеристики сети, двигателя и нагрузочного механизма. Методика основана на аналитическом решении дифференциального уравнения вращения электродвигателя на интервале изменения скорости от нуля до критической, соответствующей критическому скольжению, и до значения, близкого к номинальному. Данная методика позволит определить время пуска, потери энергии и перегрев обмоток статора за время одного пуска, используя основные номинальные и начальные данные двигателя.

Bridging Educational Gaps Among University Students During the New Normal through the Kumustahan Project: A Focus Group Discussion Initiative for Higher Education

I. Introduction A year after World Health Organization declared Covid-19 as a global pandemic, most universities across the world are still struggling to face the new normal. Online learning has become the means universities have in continuing education. While most progressive universities are digitally prepared, there is another gap that these universities have to deal with – the continuing divide between those who are able to study digitally, and those that are left behind due to economic factors. In a recent study by Grishchenco (2020), most of the students living in rural areas have been greatly affected by the sudden shift to full digital learning due to the limitations of technology. Beaunoyer, Dupéré, and Guitton (2020) pointed out that the digital divide has already been existing even in the pre-pandemic days. It, however, exacerbated when students were left with no other means but through online learning. The series of lockdowns caused a lot of limitations to the students. From technological limitations to financial and even social challenges (Lassoued, Alhendawi, & Bashitialshaaer, 2020; Peters, et al., 2020), students are also challenged when it comes to their mental health and psychological wellness (Cao, et al., 2020), causing greater issues on inclusion – both academically and socially. In the Philippines, the readiness of students in a fully-digital learning space remains low on students’ demographics who belong to lower income and rural areas (Alipio, 2020). Approximately 2,400 Higher Education Institution in the Philippines are challenged to bridge the gap between the economically-able students and those who are being left behind. Prior to the 2020 Pandemic, Oztok et al. (2013) surveyed different means of conducting digital learning to alleviate such gap, through synchronous and asynchronous learning. Years later, the acceptance of synchronous and asynchronous mode of online learning has become a staple in the New Normal set-up of education.

A Novel Transceiver and an Asynchronous Mode for the Hybrid Multiple-Access HetNet Architecture

A Novel Transceiver and an Asynchronous Mode for the Hybrid Multiple-Access HetNet Architecture

Family Parents’ Perspective of Different Social-Economical Statuses about the Online and Offline Classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This research work aimed to characterize the perception of parents of educational institutions of various socioeconomic strata of Barranquilla-Colombia about the teaching of classes in the synchronous and asynchronous mode in times of Covid-19. With a qualitative approach and an interpretative-hermeneutical design, 6 parents were chosen and an unstructured interview was applied in which aspects such as connectivity, strategies used by teachers and interaction with them during the pandemic were addressed. The main finding was that parents who are enrolled in low-income institutions agree that they do not have the guarantees for their children to receive a quality education under the modality at home; For their part, the parents who have their children enrolled in a high socioeconomic level assure that despite the fact that educational institutions have resources to teach the contents of the areas of knowledge, their attendants were demotivated by the new modality of teaching.

Foreign language training of future medical specialists in the distance learning system

The article is devoted to the medical students’ foreign language training in the distance learning system. The conditions, features and means of distance learning, advantages and disadvantages of synchronous and asynchronous mode of learning, as well as the use of digital technologies during learning are considered.

E-Learning versus Face-to-Face Methodology for Learning Antimicrobial Resistance and Prescription Practice in a Tertiary Hospital of a Middle-Income Country.

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing health problem worldwide. One strategy to face this problem in a reasonable way is training health personnel for the rational use of antimicrobials. There are some difficulties associated with medical staff to receiving training with E-learning education, but there is a lack of studies and insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of this method compared to face-to-face learning. An educational intervention on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial prescription practice (APP) was designed and implemented using two approaches: face-to-face and E-learning among physicians of the intensive care unit (ICU) and internal medicine ward (IMW) at Eugenio Espejo Hospital in Quito. Modalities of interventions were compared to propose a strategy of continuous professional development (CPD) for all hospital staff. An interventional study was proposed using a quasi-experimental approach that included 91 physicians, of which 49 belong to the IMW and 42 to the ICU. All of them received training on AMR-half in a face-to-face mode and the other half in an asynchronous E-learning mode. They then all participated on APP training but with switched groups; those who previously participated in the face-to-face experience participated in an E-learning module and vice-versa. We evaluated self-perception about basic knowledge, attitudes and referred practices towards AMR and APP before and after the intervention. A review of medical records was conducted before and after training by checking antimicrobial prescriptions for all patients in the ICU and IMW with bacteremia, urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue infection. The study received IRB clearance, and we used SPSS for statistical analysis. No statistically significant difference was observed between the E-learning and the face-to-face methodology for AMR and APP. Both methodologies improved knowledge, attitudes and referred practices. In the case of E-learning, there was a self-perception of improved attitudes (p < 0.05) and practices (p < 0.001) for both AMR and APP. In face-to-face, there was a perception of improvement only in attitudes (p < 0.001) for APP. In clinical practice, the use of antimicrobials significantly improved in all domains after training, including empirical and targeted treatment of bacteremia and pneumonia (p < 0.001) and targeted treatment of UTI (p < 0.05). For the empirical treatment of pneumonia, the mean number of antibiotics was reduced from 1.87 before to 1.05 after the intervention (p = 0.003), whereas in the targeted management of bacteremia, the number of antibiotics was reduced from 2.19 to 1.53 (p = 0.010). There was no statistically significant difference between the effect of E-learning and face-to-face strategy in terms of teaching AMR and APP. Adequate self-reported attitudes and practices in E-learning exceed those of the face-to-face approach. The empiric and targeted use of antimicrobials improved in all reviewed cases, and we observed an overall decrease in antibiotic use. Satisfaction with training was high for both methods, and participants valued the flexibility and accessibility of E-learning.

POST-COVID 19 EDUCATION LANDSCAPE: A STUDY ON STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE IMPACT OF ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING IN ORAL COMMUNICATION COURSE

Asynchronous mode in teaching and learning for oral communication is one way practiced by language instructors and students during the pandemic Covid-19. However, administering and learning through this mode have proven to be quite a challenge considering the lack of resources and knowledge they experienced now. This is a pilot study conducted to investigate the challenges or issues students faced in learning the oral skills online during the Movement Control Order (MCO) period. This pilot study utilised a questionnaire survey method for data collection. Recruitment of research participants was performed through purposive sampling. There were 80 participants that were involved in the study who have taken the Oral Communication in English (OCE) course in a public university in Malaysia. The participants were between 21 to 24 years old, with 60 females and 20 males. The data was analysed using SPSS version 27. Generally, participants felt that learning oral communication in asynchronous mode have helped them improve their oral communication skills. It is hoped that this study’s findings will contribute to the development of an oral communication instructional framework in asynchronous mode to meet the literacy needs of students.