Asymmetric Bias Research Articles

The Irrational Behaviour of Using Risk Control with Momentum Strategy During a Bullish Market Trend, an Example of Asymmetric Volatility Bias and Loss Aversion

The goal of the research is to investigate if the application of the risk control to the momentum strategy is a proof that the investor has asymmetric volatility bias that led a behavioural tendency to associate the volatility only as a risk factor, without consider potential upside effect of the volatility, the researcher as called this behaviour asymmetric volatility bias. The risk control apply to the momentum during a bullish market is an example of loss aversion and asymmetric volatility bias. Keywords: momentum strategy, risk control, volatility, herd behavior, loss aversion, disposition effect, asymmetric volatility bias, irrational behaviour and recency bias.

Asymmetric Volatility Bias and Loss Aversion in Investment Decision-Making

The goal of the research is to investigate if the investor considers the volatility as asymmetric. The researcher as called this behaviour asymmetric volatility bias, because in the mind of the investor the volatility is associated only to the risk, without consider the potential benefit of the volatility during an upward trending market. The research aims to investigate if the asymmetric volatility bias is a confirmation of the existence of the loss aversion bias. Keywords: Asymmetric volatility bias, volatility, loss aversion, prospect theory.

Increasing interhemispheric connectivity between human visual motion areas uncovers asymmetric sensitivity to horizontal motion

Our conscious perceptual experience relies on a hierarchical process involving integration of low-level sensory encoding and higher-order sensory selection.1 This hierarchical process may scale at different levels of brain functioning, including integration of information between the hemispheres.2-5 Here, we test this hypothesis for the perception of visual motion stimuli. Across 3 experiments, we manipulated the connectivity between the left and right visual motion complexes (V5/MT+) responsible for horizontal motion perception2,3 by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).4,5 We found that enhancing the strength of connections from the left to the right V5/MT+, by inducing spike-timing-dependent plasticity6 in this pathway, increased sensitivity to horizontal motion. These changes were present immediately and lasted at least 90min after intervention. Notably, little perceptual changes were observed when strengthening connections from the right to the left V5/MT+. Furthermore, we found that this asymmetric modulation was mirrored by an asymmetric perceptual bias in the direction of the horizontal motion. Overall, observers were biased toward leftward relative to rightward motion direction. Crucially, following the strengthening of the connections from right to left V5/MT+, this bias could be momentarily reversed. These results suggest that the projections connecting left and right V5/MT+ in the human visual cortex are asymmetrical, subtending a hierarchical role of hemispheric specialization7-10 favoring left-to-right hemisphere processing for integrating local sensory input into coherent global motion perception.

Intra-annual tree-ring δ18O and δ13C reveal a trade-off between isotopic source and humidity in moist environments.

Tree-ring intra-annual stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) are powerful tools for revealing plant ecophysiological responses to climatic extremes. We analyzed interannual and fine-scale intra-annual variability of tree-ring δ13C and δ18O in Chinese red pine (Pinus massoniana) from southeastern China to explore environmental drivers and potential trade-offs between the main physiological controls. We show that wet season relative humidity (May-October RH) drove interannual variability of δ18O and intra-annual variability of tree-ring δ18O. It also drove intra-annual variability of tree-ring δ13C, whereas interannual variability was mainly controlled by February-May temperature and September-October RH. Furthermore, intra-annual tree-ring δ18O variability was larger during wet years compared with dry years, whereas δ13C variability was lower during wet years compared with dry years. As a result of these differences in intra-annual variability amplitude, process-based models (we used the Roden model for δ18O and the Farquhar model for δ13C) captured the intra-annual δ18O pattern better in wet years compared with dry years, whereas intra-annual δ13C pattern was better simulated in dry years compared with wet years. This result suggests a potential asymmetric bias in process-based models in capturing the interplay of the different mechanistic processes (i.e., isotopic source and leaf-level enrichment) operating in dry versus wet years. We therefore propose an intra-annual conceptual model considering a dynamic trade-off between the isotopic source and leaf-level enrichment in different tree-ring parts to understand how climate and ecophysiological processes drive intra-annual tree-ring stable isotopic variability under humid climate conditions.

A structured model and likelihood approach to estimate yeast prion propagon replication rates and their asymmetric transmission.

Prion proteins cause a variety of fatal neurodegenerative diseases in mammals but are generally harmless to Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This makes yeast an ideal model organism for investigating the protein dynamics associated with these diseases. The rate of disease onset is related to both the replication and transmission kinetics of propagons, the transmissible agents of prion diseases. Determining the kinetic parameters of propagon replication in yeast is complicated because the number of propagons in an individual cell depends on the intracellular replication dynamics and the asymmetric division of yeast cells within a growing yeast cell colony. We present a structured population model describing the distribution and replication of prion propagons in an actively dividing population of yeast cells. We then develop a likelihood approach for estimating the propagon replication rate and their transmission bias during cell division. We first demonstrate our ability to correctly recover known kinetic parameters from simulated data, then we apply our likelihood approach to estimate the kinetic parameters for six yeast prion variants using propagon recovery data. We find that, under our modeling framework, all variants are best described by a model with an asymmetric transmission bias. This demonstrates the strength of our framework over previous formulations assuming equal partitioning of intracellular constituents during cell division.

Exclusion of Smallholders in the Indonesia Palm Oil Industry

Indonesia produces and exports the most palm oil in the world. In practice, palm oil farmers are regarded as one of the most important contributors to the global palm oil industry chain’s trajectory. Farmers were actively involved in the Core-Plasma Plantation mechanism with the Member Primary Credit Cooperative (KKPA) scheme. However, putting this ideal picture into practice proved difficult, resulting in a slew of issues. Conflicts frequently arose as a result of the KKPA in Riau Province, home to Indonesia’s largest palm oil plantation. Community advocacy teams in three villages in Tambang District, Kampar Regency, informed the Regent about the polemics that occurred in the KPPA nucleus-plasma scheme involving village unit cooperatives, the community, and parent companies. The goal of this article was to investigate how the KKPA was implemented, and how it resulted in smallholders being excluded. This qualitative study relied on interviews with cooperative management, farmer groups, PTPN (a state-owned enterprise in the plantation sector) as the core company, plantation officers and farmers in Riau Province. The study was conducted from May to June 2021, and it revealed that the KKPA’s implementation was far from ideal. Farmers were excluded from the development of the palm oil industry. Parties’ rights and obligations were subject to asymmetrical information or bias. Farmers have lost control of their own land as a result of the size of the deduction from their harvest. The data on the debts and total instalments that have been paid must be made public so that the public is aware of the shortfall and timeframe.
 Keywords: exclusion of palm oil smallholders, nucleus-people plantations, KKPA

Ab initio calculations for void swelling bias in α - and δ -plutonium

Void swelling can develop in materials under persistent irradiation when nonequilibrium vacancy and self-interstitial populations migrate under sufficiently asymmetric interaction biases. In conventional metals, the propensity is determined to the first approximation by comparing point-defect relaxation strains. We thus present DFT-based calculations of structures and formation energies and volumes of point defects in the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and the $\ensuremath{\delta}$ phases of plutonium. We discuss the pros and cons of various levels of electronic structure theory: spin polarization, spin-orbit coupling, and orbital polarization. Our results show that lattice defects in $\ensuremath{\delta}$-Pu, in contrast to most fcc metals, have surprisingly small formation volumes. Equally unexpected are the large defect formation volumes found in the low-symmetry $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Pu phase. Both these unusual properties can be satisfactorily explained from defect-induced spin/orbital moment formation and destruction in the Pu phases. Surprisingly, the point defects in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Pu are found to induce far larger transformation of the local electronic structure than in $\ensuremath{\delta}$-Pu. When we use the calculated defect properties to estimate the classic void swelling bias in each of the phases, we find it to be unusually small in $\ensuremath{\delta}$-Pu but likely much larger in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Pu. Hence, swelling rates and mechanisms can diverge dramatically between the different phases of Pu. Especially in the transient regime before the formation of large defect clusters, the swelling rate of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Pu can reliably be expected to be much larger than $\ensuremath{\delta}$-Pu. However, accurate forecasts over longer times will require the conventional void-swelling theory to be modified to handle the complexities presented by the different Pu phases. As a case in point, we show the possible anomalous temperature dependence of vacancy properties in $\ensuremath{\delta}$-Pu, caused by entropic contributions from defect-induced spin-lattice fluctuations. Such complications may affect defect-defect interactions and thus alter the void swelling bias.

Energy conversion in Ni-Mn-Ga with asymmetrical bias magnetic field

We studied the mechano-electric energy conversion for Ni-Mn-Ga alloys with dynamic experiments under a bias magnetic field. At low and at high magnetic fields, the magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy and the Zeeman energy dominate the formation of magnetic domains, respectively. At lower fields and when the bias field is tilted against the twin boundary, the formation of 180° magnetic domains reduces the net magnetization parallel to the load axis. However, at low strains and in a compressed state and when the bias field is tilted along the twin boundary, the majority of the volume saturates parallel to the load axis. Further, the evolution of the magnetic domains with increasing the magnetic field is different in each twin domain; a lower magnetic field is needed to eliminate magnetic domain boundaries in the twin domain with the direction of easy magnetization closely aligned with the field than in the twin domain with the direction of easy magnetization at a large angle to the field. Therefore, due to increased net magnetization parallel to the load axis, the magnetic structure generated at lower bias fields tilted parallel to the twin boundary is more favorable to maximize power conversion. However, a minimum bias field is required to expand the sample against the axial load and this field must be higher than the switching field. Therefore, in order to optimize electric power output, the energy conversion has to take place at lower bias magnetic fields and on samples with low twinning stress with the field direction inclined nearly parallel to the twin boundaries.

Rank extrapolation: Asymmetric forecasts of future rank after rank change

How do people forecast an actor’s future rank after observing a rank change and what are the factors that shape these forecasts? In this research, we shed new light on the attributions that people make when they observe an actor change rank and on how these attributions explain where people expect the actor to rank in the future. Specifically, in Studies 1a and 1b we document an asymmetric extrapolation bias, whereby people extrapolate upward rank trajectories more steeply into the future than downward trajectories – a pattern of results that differ in both magnitude and direction from actual rank change patterns over time. In Studies 2 and 3 we provide evidence of the different attributions that explain people’s asymmetric extrapolation through measurement and manipulation. Finally, in Study 4 we demonstrate a practical downstream consequence of this asymmetric extrapolation bias (i.e., promotion recommendation) (Study 4). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Framing fake news: Asymmetric attribute-framing bias for favorable and unfavorable outcomes.

Attribute-framing bias (AFB) refers to addressees' bias in evaluating positively framed objects (80% success) more favorably than negatively framed ones (20% failure), although they are logically equivalent. The novelty of the current study is in examining conditions in which AFB occurs or does not occur. Typically, AFB is examined for favorable outcomes (e.g., 80% success / 20% failure); the current study extended the examination to unfavorable outcomes (e.g., 80% failure / 20% success). According to fuzzy-trace theory, information is encoded both as a detailed verbatim representation and as a fuzzy gist representation, and AFB is elicited by the vague gist representations that maintain either the positive or the negative valence of the message. The current study offers a novel insight into the relationship between gist and verbatim representations in AFB by examining how it is moderated by the favorability of the outcomes. In three experiments, we focused on the perceived reliability of news items. As fake news has become an issue of major concern, some news media publish truthfulness evaluations; however, the framing of such evaluations may bias the perceived reliability of news. Hence, we examined to what extent the favorability of the outcomes moderated AFB in perceived news reliability. The results showed that attribute framing biased the perceived reliability of news when truthfulness outcomes were favorable (80% true / 20% fake) but not when outcomes were unfavorable (20% true / 80% fake). We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings to the understanding of AFB and their practical implications concerning the perceived reliability of news. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Design Optimization of Nanotube Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor with Bias-Induced Electron-Hole Bilayer

In this paper, a novel nanotube tunneling field-effect transistor (NT-TFET) with bias-induced electron-hole bilayer (EHBNT-TFET) is proposed for the first time. By the intentional misalignment and an asymmetric bias configuration of the inner-gate and outer-gate, the line tunneling takes place inside the channel, significantly improving the tunneling rate and area. The device principle and performance are investigated by calibrated 3-D TCAD simulations. Compared to the conventional NT-TFET, the proposed EHBNT-TFET exhibits an increased ON-state current (ION) about 57.2 times and a sub-60 mV/dec subthreshold swing for seven orders of magnitude of drain current. Furthermore, the increased ION and reduced gate capacitance achieve improved dynamic performance. Compared with conventional NT-TFET, the intrinsic delay decreased about 142 times is obtained in EHBNT-TFET.

Asymmetric bias-induced barrier lowering as an alternative origin of current rectification in geometric diodes

Geometric diodes, which take advantage of geometric asymmetry to achieve current flow preference, are promising for THz current rectification. Previous studies relate geometric diodes’ rectification to quantum coherent or ballistic transport, which is fragile and critical of the high-quality transport system. Here we propose a different physical mechanism and demonstrate a robust current rectification originating from the asymmetric bias induced barrier lowering, which generally applies to common semiconductors in normal environments. Key factors to the diode’s rectification are carefully analyzed, and an intrinsic rectification ability at up to 1.1 THz is demonstrated.

Numerical Weather Prediction Ocean Calibration for the Chinese‐French Oceanography Satellite Wind Scatterometer and Wind Retrieval Evaluation

AbstractThe rotating fan‐beam architecture wind scatterometer Chinese‐French Oceanography Satellite (CSCAT) onboard the Chinese‐French Oceanography Satellite leads to varying geometries and varying wind retrieval performance across the swath. To assess this, the wind vector cells (WVCs) are classified into three groups: outer, sweet, and nadir. The sweet swath WVCs contain the most diverse geometries, which give the best wind retrieval performance, whereas on the opposite the outer swath WVCs have the least diverse geometries, which makes the wind retrieval and ambiguity removal more challenging. NWP Ocean Calibration (NOC) is used to calibrate the radar backscatter prior to the wind inversion. It computes the difference between measured backscatter and simulated backscatter from collocated NWP winds through the geophysical model function. The difference is applied as a correction. An improved NOC method, NOC as a function of incidence angle and azimuth angle (NOCant) is introduced, which takes the orientation of the antenna into account. This method is compared with the widely used NOC as a function of incidence angle only (NOCinc). It shows a better fit with the geophysical model function, except for the outer swath WVCs which have limited geometry diversity. It also corrects the asymmetric wind direction bias distribution across the swath and reduced the nadir swath relative wind direction bias which is caused by the poor azimuth diversity. In conclusion, the rotating fan‐beam architecture of CSCAT leads to unique and varying data characteristics across the swath. Overall, the performance of the proposed NOCant correction is better than NOCinc and improves the wind statistics.

Seeking Evidence of The MAGA Cult and Trump Derangement Syndrome: An Examination of (A)symmetric Political Bias

Three studies sought to explore the existence of (a)symmetric bias regarding Donald Trump. In Study 1, participants read one of three statements expressing different degrees of favorability toward electing the President of the United States via a National Popular Vote attributed to Trump or an anonymous source. In Study 2, participants read one of two statements either favoring or disfavoring the name change of the Washington NFL franchise, and the statement was attributed to either Trump or an anonymous source. In Study 3, Trump and Biden voters were asked to rate their support or opposition to counting all the votes in battleground states when continued counting was expected to either help Trump or Biden. Results for all three studies supported the asymmetric bias hypothesis. Trump supporters consistently showed bias in favor of the interests and ostensible positions of Trump, whereas Trump’s detractors did not show an opposing bias.

Spin-vibron coupling effects in single-molecule magnets grafted to a nanoelectromechanical system

We present a theoretical analysis of the interplay between the spin-vibron and electron-vibron interactions in a hybrid system made of a single-molecule magnet and a suspended conductor. The latter is coupled to particle reservoirs and supports quantized vibrational modes which, once activated, interact with the localized magnetic moment $S$ of the nanomagnet. The dynamics of the molecular spin, the average vibron number, and the transient currents are calculated from the reduced density operator of the hybrid system. We focus on the effect of the vibron-assisted transitions from the lowest energy spin doublet ${S}_{z}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}S$ to higher energy excited states. The numerical simulations performed for the simplest case $S=2$ prove that the vibron-assisted spin transitions and dynamics can be described in terms of a three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ model borrowed from quantum optics. In particular we predict the existence of Rabi oscillations of the transient currents as fingerprints of the spin-vibron coupling. The role of symmetric or asymmetric bias configurations in setting different mixtures of molecular spin states in the steady-state regime is also emphasized.

Asymmetry of extreme Cenozoic climate-carbon cycle events.

The history of Earth's climate and carbon cycle is preserved in deep-sea foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotope records. Here, we show that the sub-million-year fluctuations in both records have exhibited negatively skewed non-Gaussian tails throughout much of the Cenozoic era (66 Ma to present), suggesting an intrinsic asymmetry that favors "hyperthermal-like" extreme events of abrupt global warming and oxidation of organic carbon. We show that this asymmetry is quantitatively consistent with a general mechanism of self-amplification that can be modeled using stochastic multiplicative noise. A numerical climate-carbon cycle model in which the amplitude of random biogeochemical fluctuations increases at higher temperatures reproduces the data well and can further explain the apparent pacing of past extreme warming events by changes in orbital parameters. Our results also suggest that, as anthropogenic warming continues, Earth's climate may become more susceptible to extreme warming events on time scales of tens of thousands of years.

Detection of bias inhomogeneity in Josephson junctions by switching current distributions

We demonstrate the double-peaked switching current distributions of a long Josephson junction from the zero to the finite voltage state in the case of asymmetrical bias feed profile. The considered asymmetry stands to be a natural feature of YBCO junctions fabricated on bicrystal substrates. We argue that such a picture is associated with the formation of solitons at the opposite junction edges for slightly different bias currents, arisen due to asymmetry. System parameters such as junction length, noise intensity and character of bias feed inhomogeneity leading to atypical distribution of switching currents are discussed.

Hidden symmetry and tunneling dynamics in asymmetric quantum Rabi models

The asymmetric quantum Rabi model (AQRM) has a broken $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry, with generally a non-degenerate eigenvalue spectrum. In some special cases where the asymmetric parameter is a multiple of the cavity frequency, stable level crossings typical of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric quantum Rabi model are recovered, however, without any obvious parity-like symmetry. This unknown "symmetry" has thus been referred to as hidden symmetry in the literature. Here we show that this hidden symmetry is not limited to the AQRM, but exists in various related light-matter interaction models with an asymmetric qubit bias term. Conditions under which the hidden symmetry exists in these models are determined and discussed. By investigating tunnelling dynamics in the displaced oscillator basis, a strong connection is found between the hidden symmetry and selective tunnelling.

The salience of the Northern and Southern identity in Vietnam

AbstractThis paper explores the salience of the north‐south identity in Vietnam. Using focus groups and survey data, we argue that Vietnam is characterized by asymmetric ingroup bias, where southerners hold higher levels of ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination than the north. However, while north‐south identity exists, its salience is limited because it crosscuts with other social identities. Survey data show little difference between the north and the south regarding nationalism, support for redistribution, trade, authoritarian values and traditional values. There are differences with the south exhibiting lower trust in the government and generalized trust. Also, within Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and Hanoi more specifically, we find lower support for China and higher support for the United States in HCMC than in Hanoi. However, these differences are relatively muted, and combined with focus group evidence, suggest that while identity differences exist, they are asymmetric and not as salient as often presumed.

Designing a Doherty Power Amplifier Without Offset Compensation Lines

This work presents the equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) analysis of the 2-way Doherty Power Amplifier (DPA). For this purpose, the sub-amplifiers used in the 2-way DPA are modeled using real voltage sources instead of ideal sources. For the first time, the general voltage and current equations for each node of the EEC are determined using circuit theory with transmission line concepts. The analysis results explain some of the empirical practices carried out in other works to tune the 2-way DPA response, such as offset lines or asymmetrical bias voltages, etc. This analysis allows us to examine the impact that the auxiliary sub-amplifier bias voltage has on the efficiency of the 2-way DPA, suggesting the use of the phase-to-amplitude distortion (AM-PM) of the auxiliary sub-amplifier to eliminate the compensation lines that are commonly implemented arbitrarily in the 2-way DPA, whose objective is to synchronize the output signals of the subamplifiers. The experimental data of a 20 W (43 dBm) 2-way DPA designed and fabricated for a central frequency of 1.875 GHz with GaN transistors validate the proposed idea, resulting in a compact design and a significantly reduced design time.