Asymmetric Type Research Articles

Fabrication and performance assessment of coin cell supercapacitors with multiwalled carbon nanotube-supported mixed metal oxide nanocomposites and redox additive electrolyte

In the realm of supercapacitor applications, the fabrication of coin cell supercapacitors with superior performances played a crucial role. In this work, an asymmetrical type coin supercapacitor was fabricated with multiwalled carbon nanotube supported mixed metal oxide (CuO/CoO@MWCNT - CCM) nanocomposites (NCs) and potassium ferrocyanide incorporated KOH based redox additive electrolyte (RAE). The synergistic effect and the enhanced conductivity by the mixed metal oxides and MWCNT, respectively, were acted as the performance enhancer for electrode performances. On the other hand, RAE with optimized concentration provided additional redox active sites for superior performances. The combined effect of CCM NCs and RAE, were responsible for the superior performances. CCM NCs were prepared by one-pot hydrothermal technique and characterized. Working electrodes with CCM NCs were fabricated by doctor blade method and evaluated in KOH and RAE. It exhibited 1838.55 Fg−1 of specific capacitance (Csp) in RAE. Assembled asymmetrical supercapacitors with CCM NCs modified working electrode and activated carbon based anode, delivered 123.91 Fg−1 of Csp at 2.75 Ag−1 in RAE. The assembled supercapacitors delivered the highest energy density of 27.53 Wh kg−1 and power density of 1875 W kg−1 in RAE with an impressive 82.89 % of cyclic retention after 5000 GCD cycles. Finally, an asymmetric coin cell supercapacitor (CR2302) was fabricated with CCM NCs and RAE. The fabricated coin cell delivered the charge and discharge capacities of 157.72 and 55.99 mAh g−1, respectively in KOH, whereas these values were significantly improved 172.46 and 126.2 mAh g−1 respectively, in RAE. It proved that the fabricated coin cell supercapacitors performed well in terms of maximum charge and discharge performances in RAE compared to conventional KOH.

Geodynamic controls on clastic-dominated base metal deposits

Abstract. To meet the growing global demand for metal resources, new ore deposit discoveries are required. However, finding new high-grade deposits, particularly those not exposed at the Earth's surface, is very challenging. Therefore, understanding the geodynamic controls on the mineralizing processes can help identify new areas for exploration. Here we focus on clastic-dominated Zn–Pb deposits, the largest global resource of zinc and lead, which formed in sedimentary basins of extensional systems. Using numerical modelling of lithospheric extension coupled with surface erosion and sedimentation, we determine the geodynamic conditions required to generate the rare spatiotemporal window where potential metal source rocks, transport pathways, and host sequences are present. We show that the largest potential metal endowment can be expected in narrow asymmetric rifts, where the mineralization window spans about 1–3 Myr in the upper ∼ 4 km of the sedimentary infill close to shore. The narrow asymmetric rift type is characterized by rift migration, a process that successively generates hyper-extended crust through sequential faulting, resulting in one wide and one narrow conjugate margin. Rift migration also leads to (1) a sufficient life span of the migration-side border fault to accommodate a thick submarine package of sediments, including coarse (permeable) continental sediments that can act as source rock; (2) rising asthenosphere beneath the thinned lithosphere and crust, resulting in elevated temperatures in these overlying sediments that are favourable for leaching metals from the source rock; (3) the deposition of organic-rich sediments that form the host rock at shallower burial depths and lower temperatures; and (4) the generation of smaller faults that cut the major basin created by the border fault and provide additional pathways for focused fluid flow from source to host rock. Wide rifts with rift migration can have similarly favourable configurations, but these occur less frequently and less potential source rock is produced, thereby limiting potential metal endowment. In simulations of narrow symmetric rifts, the conditions to form ore deposits are rarely fulfilled. Based on these insights, exploration programmes should prioritize the narrow margins formed in asymmetric rift systems, in particular regions within several tens of kilometres from the paleo-shoreline, where we predict the highest-value deposits to have formed.

Supercapacitor properties of partially oxidised-MXene quantum dots/graphene hybrids: Fabrication of flexible/wearable micro-supercapacitor devices

Recently, combining the synergistic properties of two-dimensional (2D) and zero-dimensional (0D) materials has attracted significant attention for energy applications. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of partially oxidised-MXene quantum dots (PO-MXQDs) and reduced graphene oxide composite (PO-MXQDs/rGO) and investigate the resulting composites for energy storage applications towards supercapacitors. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations are used to examine the electrical and structural features of PO-MXQDs/rGO by predicting the chemical interaction involving charge transfer from PO-MXQDs to rGO. The multilayer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model with hyperparameter tuning was developed at different input parameters to optimize material compositions, concentrations, and types of electrolytes to obtain the suitable conditions for best supercapacitive performance. The optimized PO-MXQDs/rGO showed a specific capacitance value of 1137.8 F.g−1 and was utilized for the fabrication of flexible micro-supercapacitors (FMSCs) device through the mask-assisted vacuum filtration process and asymmetric coin-cell type supercapacitor devices (ACCDs). The FMSCs deliver a higher areal capacitance (5.26 mF.cm−2), high areal energy density (0.46 μWh.cm−2), high areal power density (210.48 μW.cm−2), and the FMSC device has ultra-high cyclic stability up to 30000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles. This method provides an in-depth study on developing 0D-2D hybrid materials with the wisdom of machine learning (ML) and DFT toward energy storage applications.

Вторинні порушення форми грудної клітки після корекції лійкоподібної деформації за методом Nuss

Aim - studying the influence of the elasticity of the chest on the formation of secondary pectus carinatum and secondary protrusion of costal arches after Nuss procedure in order to determine the risk groups for the occurrence of data of secondary postoperative deformations in order to optimize a surgical intervention in these groups . Materials and methods. We analysed the data of 6 patients with pectus carinatum and 5 children with rib arches protrusion, which were formed as a result of Nuss funnel chest correction. The elasticity of the chest was studied by determining the ratio of its circumference during maximum inhalation and exhalation (mobility index - MI) as well as the ratio of the distance between the support plane in the supine position and the front surface of the chest in a neutral position and at the moment of compression (compliance index - CI). To calibrate the indicators, the data were calculated in a group of 30 healthy children. Depending on the obtained values, 3 degrees of chest elasticity are distinguished: high, medium and rigid chest. Results. 3 degrees of chest elasticity were determined in children without chest deformity: high (MI - 9.1±0.9%; CI - 28.1±1.8%), medium (MI - 6.8±0.2%; CI - 22.7±2.1%) and a low or rigid chest (MI - 4.9±0.2%; CI - 15.6±1.8%). The following data were recorded in patients with secondary deformities: 80% of patients with secondary pectus carinatum had a high degree of elasticity of the chest, 20% - average degree. In 83.33% of cases, patients with secondary rib arches protrusion had a high degree of elasticity of the chest, and 16.67% had an average degree. Secondary rib arches protrusion in 80% of cases is combined with the use of one horizontal bar. All cases of occurrence of secondary deformations are associated with a symmetric local type of funnel chest with or without deformations of costal arches or with an asymmetric local type. Conclusions. Using the Nuss operation technique with short plates in patients in the period of rapid growth with a high degree of elasticity of the chest with type IA and IIA1 of funnel chest can reduce the risk of secondary pectus carinatum; and in cases of high level risk of secondary protrusion of the rib arches the "flare buster" technique can help avoid this complication. The vast majority of secondary deformations are prone to spontaneous regression. The research was adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was agreed by the Local Ethics Committee of the mentioned institution. The patients' informed consent was obtained for the study. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

FUZZY MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING CONTROLLERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The design of an effective fuzzy maximum power point tracking controller plays a crucial aspect in enhancing the photovoltaic system’s efficiency. This article aims to design and compare the performance of symmetric and asymmetric types of fuzzy controllers’ maximum power point tracking algorithms. Depending on the BP SX150S module’ power-voltage attributes at standard technical conditions, the input membership function parameters are derived. Moreover, the effect of fuzzy memberships’ quantity is also examined in this article. Where Five and seven triangular memberships are used. For the simulation, MATLAB is used to assess the effectiveness of the fuzzy controllers. Simulation results show that the asymmetric controller outperforms the symmetric type in terms of transient and steady-state tracking for different numbers of membership functions. Specifically, when employed with 5-triangle memberships, the asymmetric controller outperforms the symmetrical controller in terms of rise time, tracking precision, and energy output, respectively, by 83%, 0.06%, and 14.14%. While, the rise time, tracking precision, and energy yield of 7-triangle memberships are all improved by 86.7%, 0.04%, and 14.78%, respectively. Using asymmetric type, 7-triangle memberships enhance the rise time and harvested energy by around 18.2% and 0.082%, respectively. Overall, the most effective tracking technique for enhancing the photovoltaic system’s efficiency is the asymmetric type, independent of the quantity of memberships.

Research on the Characteristics of Figure Round Pattern in Qing Dynasty

Round pattern, also known as round nest pattern. It is one of the most common patterns in ancient China, that is, symmetrical radial or rotating round decorative patterns around. Such patterns are often found on ancient bronze ware, ceramics, weaving and embroidery products, and modern silk fabrics. Round pattern is an important part of the study of Chinese costume patterns, which contains the cultural concepts that Chinese people yearning for perfection, auspiciousness, reunion, harmony and beauty. Cloud bat pattern, rich and noble peony pattern, colorful cloud pattern, sitting dragon pattern, phoenix pattern, butterfly pattern, and so on, the subject matter is numerous. Central symmetry type, Tai Chi type corresponding type, rotary radiation type, asymmetric flower type, and so on, the style is rich. Among them, the Qing Dynasty appeared a round pattern with character stories and relatively free composition. The pattern of the character round has unique characteristics of the Times. On the basis of the aesthetic feeling of the round flower form, it integrates the plot of the characters, reflecting the characteristics of the social customs and aesthetic taste at that time, and establishes a bridge for the traditional pattern and custom illustration.

Imaging and molecular features of adenomyosis after menopause

ObjectivesTo explore the imaging features and the molecular characterization of adenomyosis after menopause. Study designAn observational cross-sectional study was performed in a group of postmenopausal patients undergoing a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) (n = 468). Among those presenting the US criteria for adenomyosis, also confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), previous menstrual symptoms, gynecological and obstetric history were reviewed. In a subgroup undergoing hysterectomy, uterine specimens were analyzed by histology and expression of genes implicated in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammation and fibrosis, including the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway, was evaluated and compared to matched non-menopausal adenomyosis specimens. Main outcome measuresDirect and indirect US features of adenomyosis according to Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment at TVUS. Molecular characterization of postmenopausal versus pre-menopausal adenomyosis samples. ResultsAccording to TVUS and MRI, adenomyosis was identified in 49 patients (10.4 %). On US, diffuse adenomyosis was the most common phenotype, whereas internal adenomyosis with diffuse pattern and asymmetric type was the most prevalent on MRI. Molecular analysis showed that adenomyosis lesions express markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammation and fibrosis also in postmenopausal women. By comparing the results with those from pre-menopausal samples, the expression of α smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a marker of fibrosis, was significantly greater after menopause, and altered S1P catabolism and signaling were observed. ConclusionsAdenomyosis may be identified in postmenopausal women by imaging, either TVUS or MRI, and fibrosis is one of the key features on molecular analysis.

Heterostructured SnSe-MnSe@rGO as a composite electrode for Li-ion batteries and high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors

Systematically fabricated hybrid nanomaterials have good outer walls and inherent features, which can significantly improve energy storage capabilities. Herein, we demonstrated the successful preparation of heterostructure SnSe-MnSe nanomaterials anchored reduced Graphene oxide using the hydrothermal method. The SnSe-MnSe@rGO is used as the composite electrode for lithium-ion battery and supercapacitor applications. The SnSe, MnSe, and SnSe-MnSe materials were also prepared and compared their performances with the SnSe-MnSe@rGO material. The first cycle charge/discharge capacity of SnSe-MnSe@rGO was 484.6/641.9 mAhg−1 at 0.1Ag−1 with coulombic efficiency of 75.49 %. After 1000 cycles at 1Ag−1, the SnSe-MnSe@rGO delivered the discharge capacity of 175.7 mAhg−1 at 1Ag−1 with 72.75 % retention of capacity. For supercapacitor application, the SnSe-MnSe@rGO exhibits the battery-type energy storage mechanism and provides a specific capacity of 210. 8 mAhg−1 at 1 Ag−1 with superior rate capability and it withstands 94 % of initial capacity after 5000 GCD cycles at 20 Ag−1 in three-electrode electrochemical cells. The asymmetric type such as activated carbon//SnSe-MnSe@rGO device delivers the capacity of 105.8 mAhg−1 and shows a high energy density of 84.7 Whkg−1 with the power density of 810.5 Wkg−1 at 1 Ag−1. The device holds 89 % of its initial capacity retention after 10,000 continuous GCD cycles at 10 Ag−1. This study emphasizes a comprehensive and fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanisms at the heterostructures, as well as the strategic design of composite materials for constructing advanced electrodes in the realm of sustainable energy storage applications.

Methods, Techniques, and Algorithms of Synchronous Multi-Zone Modulation of Signals of Voltage Source Inverters (literature review)

This publication provides a brief overview of the results of research work in the field of developing alternative methods, schemes, and algorithms of synchronous multi-zone modulation of signals of inverters of power conversion systems with reduced switching frequency of power switches. In particular, in the mentioned researches, the basic strategies, schemes, and algorithms of synchronous multi-zone modulation have been fur-ther developed, modernized, modified, and disseminated in relation to new promising topologies of power conversion systems, including: two-inverter-based electric drives with open windings of electrical motor; drive systems based on electric motor with two stator windings; dual three-phase electric drives of symmetrical and asymmetric type; five-phase power conversion systems, powerful six-phase systems based on four inverters, and two-inverter-based and three-inverter-based photovoltaic installations with multi-winding transformer. It is shown that the developed schemes and algorithms of synchronous space-vector modulation applied for control of inverter-based systems provide continuous synchronization and symmetry of the basic voltage waveforms of systems during the whole control range. It provides minimization of even harmonics and undesirable subhar-monics (of the fundamental frequency) in spectra of the basic voltages of systems, leading to reducing of losses in systems and to increasing of its efficiency. Based on a comparative analysis of the integral spectral character-istics of the phase and line voltages of the systems, recommendations are formulated for the rational choice of schemes and algorithms of synchronous modulation for the relevant installations, depending on the modes of their operation.

Internal and external morphological analysis of fused-rooted mandibular second molars in the Chinese population: A micro-computed tomographic study.

This study investigated the root canal morphology of fused-rooted mandibular second molars based on the pulp chamber floor (PCF) and analysed the correlation between the external morphology of the radicular groove, and the internal morphology of the PCF and root canal configuration. A total of 291 fused-rooted teeth collected from the Chinese population were scanned using micro-computed tomography and a dental operating microscope was used for observing the PCFs. The classification of the PCF and root canal configuration were identified according to modified Min etal.'s and Gao etal.'s classifications, respectively. Additionally, a new radicular groove classification was proposed. The correlation among these morphological characteristics was investigated using the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). The results showed that 74.2% of teeth had C-shaped PCFs, while 21.0% had non-C-shaped PCFs. As for the root canal configurations, 37.5% of teeth were merging type, 40.9% were symmetrical type, and 14.8% were asymmetrical type. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between the PCF types and the root canal configurations (p < 0.001). The dominant root canal types for teeth with C-shaped PCFs were merging and symmetrical types, while the asymmetrical type was not identified in non-C-shaped PCFs. In addition, significant morphological association between the root canals and radicular grooves was also revealed (p < 0.001). Teeth with different PCF morphologies exhibit specific patterns of root canal category distribution. Understanding the morphological nuances of the root canal based on the PCF can assist clinicians in predicting and identifying the canal configuration beneath the visible orifice.

Выбор формы временной зависимости ускоряющего напряжения для моделирования спектральных характеристик гиротрона мегаваттного уровня мощности

The spectral characteristics of the gyrotron with a megawatt power level in the 170 GHz range were modeled numerically. The calculations were carried out using the large particle method implemented in the KARAT code. The problem of three-dimensional modeling of the excitation of an asymmetric type mode was reduced to a 2.5-dimensional one. For this model, the presence of high-frequency fluctuations at the output of high-voltage power supplies, which determine the initial energy of electrons, was taken into account. The relationship between the shape and width of the radiation spectrum of the simulated gyrotron and the time dependence of the accelerating voltage has been studied. It is shown that the best agreement with experimental data is obtained by combining a relatively slow sawtooth change in particle energy with fast random fluctuations.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ ДОХОДОВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В РОССИИ: НОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ФАКТОРЫ

The purpose of the article is to determine the main trends in changes in the regional differentiation of the living standard of the Russian population for the period 2005-2022. Methods: the assessment is based on the results of the dynamics analysis of the indicators of the population share with an income below the subsistence minimum (SLM) and the ratio of the average per capita income (API) and SLM using the index method and identifying the nature of regional asymmetry. Results: It is shown that the dynamics of regional differentiation of living standards indicators during 2005–2011 had a smoothing nature, the indicator of the share of the population with incomes below the GPM during 2013–2022 was of an asymmetric nature of change, changes in the values of the ratio of the SD and GPM in 2011–2017 were of a neutral type, and since 2018 – of an asymmetric type. The distribution of the subjects of the Russian Federation by groups of values of complex income indices showed a steady increase in the number of regions with high and average values of the indicator, a decrease in those included in low-income groups, while pronounced intraregional asymmetry was observed in a small number of subjects of the Russian Federation. Among the main factors determining the direction of regional differentiation, the author highlights societal, socio-economic, and socio-managerial factors. Particular attention is paid to the study of the influence of the subjective administrative factor, the adoption of management decisions in changing the methodology for calculating income indicators.

Исследование случаев соответствия конструкций с послелогами сериальным глагольным конструкциям (на материале монгольских текстов XIII, XVII и XX вв.)

The article deals with cases of correspondence of constructions with postpositions to serial verbal constructions, an attempt is made to identify the typological features of verbal serialization in the Mongolian language. As a research material, written monuments of different time slices of the Mongolian language are used, namely Latin transcription of the chronicle “The Secret History of the Mongols” of the XIII century; the chronicle “Altan tobchi” of the 17th century; translation of the “Secret History of the Mongol” into the modern Mongolian language of the XX century. Based on the analysis, the number of similar correspondences on specific time slices was revealed. So, in the texts of older written monuments, one case of the use of serial verbal constructions was found to convey the same meaning, which in the modern text is expressed by a postpositional construction. In all the other 12 cases of such correspondences – the serial construction occurs precisely in the text of the 20th century, there is a tendency for an increase in the number of correspondences of postpositions to serial constructions over the course of the history of the language. Also, based on the considered examples of serial constructions found in our comparative study, we can assume that the Mongolian language is characterized by serialization of an asymmetric type.

Evidence of gel effect and living free radicals in particles: Soap‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene by using 2,2'‐azobis(isobutyronitrile)

AbstractBatch, in situ seeded and stepwise dosing monomer, and normal seeded soap‐free emulsion polymerizations (SFEP) of styrene were carried out by using the oil‐soluble 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) as initiator. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the experimental results. Typical auto‐accelerative effect in the bulk free‐radical polymerization was also observed in the macro‐kinetics of batch SFEP at 60 and 65°C. Flat‐roof GPC curves appeared at the post‐auto‐acceleration. In addition, in particles exhibited a positive relationship with the size of particles. The bigger size the larger . In the in situ seeded polymerization, the flat‐roof GPC curves of seed turned into the asymmetric Gaussian type exhibiting the great increase of the fraction of larger with the sequential addition of styrene. In addition, the number of seeds was kept constant throughout the polymerization. It indicated that the free radicals were generated and confined in the growing particles. In the normal seeded polymerization, showed a strong dependence on the average assigned amount of St per seed particle. The more monomers per seed particle the larger was gained. Based on these results, it was postulated that the free radicals were living due to the gel effect occurring in particles, namely that the free radicals were segregated by the dry polymer chains. The kinetics model was also given based on the microdroplets theory.

Influence of the phthalimide on the process of electrical aging of the high-pressure polyethylene

Relevance. The use of polyolefins without additional processing methods, namely, the increase in their electrophysical characteristics, is an actual modern requirement. For this, it is necessary to use the mechanism of ionization ageing where the role of the modifying additive must be elucidated by the method of infrared spectroscopy in high-pressure polyethylene. Purpose. The research aims to study the effect of low molecular weight organic additives of phthalimide on molecular structural changes in polymers that occur under external action. Methodology. The impact of electrical discharges on polymer dielectrics was carried out in a test cell of an asymmetric type. Tested polymer film before and after pre-stretching was tightly stretched onto this plate following the research procedure. To create an air gap of constant thickness between the top electrode and the polymer film, 1.5 mm thick glass spacers were placed along the edges. Results. The electrical strength (lifetime) of high-pressure polyethene (LDPE) and its optimal modification before and after electrical ageing was investigated. Following experimental data, at the content of 0.05 wt. % LDPE its electrical strength reaches a maximum value compared to both the original LDPE and LDPE at other additive contents. The introduction of 0.05 wt.% phthalimide into high-pressure polyethene contributes to a noticeable decrease in the intensity of the formation of C=0 groups, which is the measure of the oxidative degradation of polymer chains. Conclusions. The optimal composition of the phthalimide was determined and their electrophysical properties were studied. It was found that composites with additions of 0.05 wt.% phthalimide significantly improve the electrophysical properties of LDPE.

Classification of radial polydactyly based on physical characteristics

Previous classifications in polydactyly of the thumb were by the level of duplication on radiography. This study aimed to develop a practical algorithm based on physical characteristics for treatment guidelines. The polydactylies were stratified using four physical characteristics: floating, symmetry, dominant side, and joint angulation/nail size. The algorithm identified the hypoplastic type and then stratified the polydactylies as symmetric and asymmetric. The asymmetric type was divided into ulnar dominant and radial dominant. The symmetric type was divided into adequate type and inadequate type. The prediction of treatments was studied retrospectively by the distribution of surgical procedures in 500 patients with 545 affected thumbs, by the new classification and the Wassel-Flatt classification. Of the 545 polydactylies, 78 (14.5%) were categorized as the hypoplastic type, 369 (67.5%) as the ulnar-dominant type, 8 (1.5%) as the radial-dominant type, 70 (12.8%) as the symmetric adequate nail type, and 20 (3.7%) as the symmetric inadequate type. Treatments were excision and reconstruction in 403 polydactylies (73.9%), simple excision in 135 polydactylies (24.8%), and the Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure, ray amputation, and on-top plasty procedures were only performed in 7 polydactylies (1.3%). The distribution of surgical procedures was distinct among the new classification types and was similar among the Wassel-Flatt types. The new classification stratified polydactylies by physical findings in a stepwise manner. Though surgical technical details are not included, this simple classification is useful for paediatricians and parents to understand how a surgical decision is made. Diagnostic Level IV.

Оптические методы коррекции посткератопластической аметропии

Purpose. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing optical methods for correcting postkeratoplastic ametropia (PA). Material and methods. When studying the literature review on PA correction, a search was carried out for sources in the PubMed and Scopus abstract databases for the period up to 2021 inclusive. In total, 50 articles related to the topic of the review were selected, including long-term observations on the methods of optical correction of PA that are currently used worldwide. Results. Today, in addition to spectacle and contact correction, there is a large selection of various methods of surgical correction of PA: wedge resection, various options for keratotomy, implantation of toric intraocular lenses, phakic toric lenses, refractive laser surgery – photorefractive keratectomy, laser in situkeratomileusis, ReLEx SMILE technology, and also implantation of intrastromal corneal segments. The choice of the most optimal optical method for PA correction, depending on the initial individual clinical and functional parameters of the patient, remains quite relevant today. This is due both to a large number of different methods of PA correction, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, which necessitates their improvement, and to the need to develop new techniques. Conclusion. Currently, there are a large number of various methods for correcting postkeratoplastic ametropia, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to develop a systematic approach to the personalized choice of an optical method for correcting postkeratoplastic ametropia, taking into account its effectiveness and safety, depending on the individual clinical and functional data of the patient. There is a need for the development of new methods of correction that would effectively and safely correct high values of postkeratoplastic ametropia, especially with an asymmetric type of keratotopogram. Key words: postkeratoplastic ametropia, femtosecond laser, corneal segments, scleral contact lenses

Sign-changing bubble tower solutions for sinh-Poisson type equations on pierced domains

For asymmetric sinh-Poisson type problems with Dirichlet boundary condition arising as a mean field equation of equilibrium turbulence vortices with variable intensities of interest in hydrodynamic turbulence, we address the existence of sign-changing bubble tower solutions on a pierced domain Ωϵ:=Ω∖B(ξ,ϵ)‾, where Ω is a smooth bounded domain in R2 and B(ξ,ϵ) is a ball centered at ξ∈Ω with radius ϵ>0. Precisely, given a small parameter ρ>0 and any integer m≥2, there exist a radius ϵ=ϵ(ρ)>0 small enough such that each sinh-Poisson type equation, either in Liouville form or mean field form, has a solution uρ with an asymptotic profile as a sign-changing tower of m singular Liouville bubbles centered at the same ξ and with ϵ(ρ)→0+ as ρ approaches to zero.

Strong localization and suppression of Anderson modes in an asymmetrical optical waveguide.

In this paper, transverse Anderson localization of light waves in a 3D random network is achieved inside an asymmetrical type optical waveguide, formed within a fused-silica fiber by capillary process. Scattering waveguide medium originates from naturally formed air inclusions and Ag nanoparticles in rhodamine dye doped-phenol solution. Multimode photon localization is controlled by changing the degree of the disorder in the optical waveguide to suppress unwanted extra modes and obtain only one targeted strongly localized single optical mode confinement at the desired emission wavelength of the dye molecules. Additionally, the fluorescence dynamics of the dye molecules coupled into the Anderson localized modes in the disordered optical media are analyzed through time resolved experiments based on a single photon counting technique. The radiative decay rate of the dye molecules is observed to be enhanced up to a factor of about 10.1 through coupling into the specific Anderson localized cavity within the optical waveguide, providing a milestone for investigation of transverse Anderson localization of light waves in 3D disordered media to manipulate light-matter interaction.

Synaptic connectivity of the TRPV1-positive trigeminal afferents in the rat lateral parabrachial nucleus.

Recent studies have shown a direct projection of nociceptive trigeminal afferents into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN). Information about the synaptic connectivity of these afferents may help understand how orofacial nociception is processed in the LPBN, which is known to be involved primarily in the affective aspect of pain. To address this issue, we investigated the synapses of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-positive (TRPV1+) trigeminal afferent terminals in the LPBN by immunostaining and serial section electron microscopy. TRPV1 + afferents arising from the ascending trigeminal tract issued axons and terminals (boutons) in the LPBN. TRPV1+ boutons formed synapses of asymmetric type with dendritic shafts and spines. Almost all (98.3%) TRPV1+ boutons formed synapses with one (82.6%) or two postsynaptic dendrites, suggesting that, at a single bouton level, the orofacial nociceptive information is predominantly transmitted to a single postsynaptic neuron with a small degree of synaptic divergence. A small fraction (14.9%) of the TRPV1+ boutons formed synapses with dendritic spines. None of the TRPV1+ boutons were involved in axoaxonic synapses. Conversely, in the trigeminal caudal nucleus (Vc), TRPV1+ boutons often formed synapses with multiple postsynaptic dendrites and were involved in axoaxonic synapses. Number of dendritic spine and total number of postsynaptic dendrites per TRPV1+ bouton were significantly fewer in the LPBN than Vc. Thus, the synaptic connectivity of the TRPV1+ boutons in the LPBN differed significantly from that in the Vc, suggesting that the TRPV1-mediated orofacial nociception is relayed to the LPBN in a distinctively different manner than in the Vc.