Asymmetric Links Research Articles

Asymmetric Link between Unemployment, Inflation and GDP growth rate in the United Kingdom Economy: An ARDL Bounds Approach

This paper investigates the relationships between unemployment, inflation, and economic growth in the UK. Quarterly data for the period 1990: Q1 to 2020: Q4. The ARDL bounds test model, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Granger causality test are applied to examine the variables' short-run and long-run causal relationship. Unemployment rate (UR), inflation rate (INFR) and GDP growth rate (GDPGR) as a proxy of economic growth have been taken to study the relationships among unemployment, inflation, and economic growth. The short-run ARDL model in the study suggests that the entire variables (GDPGR, DUR and INFR) have a short-run causal relationship with each other. It follows the economic theories of Okun’s Law and the short-run Philips curve that there is an interrelationship among economic growth, unemployment, and inflation. The ARDL bounds test and VECM findings suggest strong evidence of cointegration between the three variables, which indicates a long-run equilibrium relationship. The pairwise Granger Causality test suggests a bi-directional relationship between economic growth and unemployment and a unidirectional relationship between inflation and economic growth (INFR→GDPGR) and between inflation and unemployment (INFR→DUR). In this case, monetary and fiscal policies may no longer effectively achieve policymakers’ economic growth and development goals.

Examining the asymmetric link between clean energy intensity and carbon dioxide emissions: The significance of quantile-on-quantile method

This study corroborates the asymmetric and heterogeneous associations between clean energy intensity (CEI) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions among the world's top ten renewable energy consumer countries using quarterly data from 1970Q1 to 2018Q4. We quantify the complete dependence structure between CEI and CO2 at quantile distributions using a novel quantile-on-quantile (QQ) method proposed by Sim and Zhou (2015). Compared to classic approaches such as quantile regression and ordinary least squares, the QQ technique can provide more information on the overall relationship between CEI and CO2. Furthermore, we also seek to determine causal relationships between CEI and CO2 using a quantile Granger causality approach suggested by Troster. According to our empirical evidence, the link between the two variables is predominantly negative. Moreover, there are significant disparities across countries in the quantile ranges of CEI and CO2. In particular, there is a weak positive link between CEI and CO2 in the case of Sweden, Italy, Japan, and Australia, which may be because CEI has a minimal direct influence on CO2 in these countries. The empirical findings clarify that policymakers should fund renewable energy industries to minimize carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Graph regularized nonnegative matrix factorization for link prediction in directed temporal networks using PageRank centrality

Temporal link prediction aims to predict new links at time T + 1 based on a given temporal network from time 1 to T. Some existing temporal link prediction methods only consider the naturally links direction formation but ignore the local and global information of temporal networks. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel graph regularized nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm for the problem of temporal link prediction by using PageRank centrality and asymmetric link clustering coefficient, referred to as the GNMFCA. Specifically, we use graph regularization to capture the local information of each slice in temporal networks and PageRank centrality to compute the importance of nodes in each slice, which captures the global information of each slice in temporal networks. By jointly optimizing them in a nonnegative matrix factorization model, the proposed model can preserve both the local and global information simultaneously. Besides, we propose effective multiplicative updating rules to solve the proposed model and provide the convergence analysis of the iterative algorithm. Finally, we perform numerical experiments on eight artificial and four real-world temporal networks to demonstrate that GNMFCA outperforms some existing temporal link prediction algorithms.

An Individual Node Delay Based Efficient Power Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

Miscellaneous node transmission ranges builds up Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks (WHSNs). Designing an efficient, reliable and scalable routing protocol for WHSNs with intermittent asymmetric links is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose an efficient power aware routing scheme for WHSNs, which can provide loop-free, stateless, source-to-sink routing scheme without using prior information about neighbor. It uses both symmetric and asymmetric links to forward data from source to sink. The source node broadcasts location information to all its neighbor nodes. Each neighbor node calculates a delay slot based on the information obtained from the source to forward its power value to it. The node that has a minimum delay slot forwards the power earlier than the other nodes during contention phase and the delay slot is used to suppress the selection of unsuitable low-power nodes at that time. We also prove that our protocol is loop-free assuming no failures in greedy forwarding. By simulations we show that our protocol significantly outperforms the existing protocols in WHSNs.

Design and analysis of IEEE 802.11 based Full Duplex WLAN MAC protocol

Full-Duplex (FD) communication is a promising technique that can be used in 5G to potentially double the system throughput compared to conventional Half Duplex (HD) transmission. Recent experiments have demonstrated near-perfect self-interference suppression techniques in the PHY layer to aid the possibility of FD communication. This paper presents a Synchronized Mode Full-Duplex (SM-FD) wireless LAN MAC protocol with appropriate modification of the IEEE 802.11 standard. The proposed SM-FD MAC protocol maintains synchronization between nodes and Access Point (AP) to increase efficiency. SM-FD MAC protocol supports WLAN having both FD and HD capable nodes by establishing both symmetrical links (Node1 ↔ AP) and asymmetrical links (Node1 → AP → Node2). To this end, we have utilized the packet-alignment-based capture effect in an efficient way. The proposed SM-FD MAC protocol has been analyzed using a Markov chain model. The analytical results for RTS and data collision probability, saturated throughput, delay, and energy spent per packet transmission have been derived and validated against simulation.

The asymmetric nexus of solar energy and environmental quality: Evidence from Top-10 solar energy-consuming countries

Solar energy is one of the least carbon-intensive techniques of generating electricity in an increasingly carbon-constrained world. Solar energy emits no emissions during power production, and life-cycle assessments indicate that it has a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels. The study explores the asymmetric relationship between solar energy production and environmental quality in the top-10 solar energy-consumer countries (China, USA, Germany, Japan, Italy, Australia, India, Spain, United Kingdom, and France). A new technique, ‘Quantile-on-Quantile (QQ)’, is used by taking the panel data from 1996 to 2018. Carbon footprint is taken as a proxy for environmental quality. The findings investigate how solar energy quantiles impact quantiles of carbon footprint asymmetrically by offering a suitable framework for understanding the overall dependency pattern. The empirical findings show that, with the exception of India and Spain, solar energy production improves environmental quality by minimizing carbon footprint at various quantiles. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the degree of the asymmetrical link in the solar energy-environmental quality association varies by country, implying that governments must exercise individual attention and precaution when developing policies related to solar energy and environmental quality.

Performance of symmetric and asymmetric links in wireless networks

<p>Wireless networks are designed to provide the enabling infrastructure for emerging technological advancements. The main characteristics of wireless networks are: Mobility, power constraints, high packet loss, and lower bandwidth. Nodes’ mobility is a crucial consideration for wireless networks, as nodes are moving all the time, and this may result in loss of connectivity in the network. The goal of this work is to explore the effect of replacing the generally held assumption of symmetric radii for wireless networks with asymmetric radii. This replacement may have a direct impact on the connectivity, throughput, and collision avoidance mechanism of mobile networks. The proposed replacement may also impact other mobile protocol’s functionality. In this work, we are mainly concerned with building and maintaining fully connected wireless network with the asymmetric assumption. For this extent, we propose to study the effect of the asymmetric links assumption on the network performance using extensive simulation experiments. Extensive simulation experiments were performed to measure the impact of these parameters. Finally, a resource allocation scheme for wireless networks is proposed for the dual rate scenario. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using simulation.</p>

The asymmetric dilemma of renewable energy, financial development, and economic growth: fresh evidence from Pakistan

According to economists, rapid economic growth depends on the active energy system of any country. Through financial development, the latest trend of globalization applies pressure on energy consumption, which eventually validates growth in the economy. Therefore, the role of financial development and renewable energy consumption on economic growth is still being questioned. This paper contributes to this issue by raising concerns about the possible asymmetric links among financial development, renewable energy, and economic growth along with capital and labor. Applying a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model, our paper demonstrates that neglecting the involvement of nonlinearities leads to confusing conclusions. Results show that variables of interest have asymmetric impacts in short- and long-runs. Our analysis shows that short- and long-run impacts of renewable energy consumption and financial development on growth vary significantly. Notably, this study finds that renewable energy consumption has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the short- and long-runs, and financial development has a strong, asymmetric, and positive effect on economic growth in the short and negative effects in long-run. The findings also have important implications for policymakers as well as investors in Pakistan's energy sector.

Nexus between Governance Indicators & Sustainable Stock Market Development in Pakistan: Evidences from Symmetric and Asymmetric Analysis

The hidden non-linear association between governance indicators & stock market development (SMD) of Pakistan has been scrutinized in this study by using two comparative co-integrating techniques known as ARDL (Auto-regressive Distributed Lag) & NARDL (Non-linear ARDL). Empirical evidence suggests that misrepresented inferences arise by ignoring hidden non-linearity nexus between the variables. The ARDL results indicate that political stability & absence of violence/terrorism does not impact directly the SMD of Pakistan. Voice & accountability positively and significantly impact SMD, but rule of law does not impact SMD of Pakistan directly. The regulatory quality is highly significant and negatively impacts SMD. Contrarily, the NARDL frame indicates significant differences amid coefficients of components of governance index, denoting asymmetric links between variables. The Positive & Negative sums of partial decompositions of Rule of Law, Regulatory Quality, Political Stability & Absence of Violence/Terrorism (PS&AVT), and Voice & Accountability (V&A) significantly impact SMD. The impact of partial Negative multipliers of Regulatory Quality, and PS&AVT has a highly significant and negative impact, while V&A has a significant and positive impact on SMD. The impact of Positive partial multipliers of all variables is positive and significant except V&A. The comparative diagnostics extricate precariousness in policy moratorium. This study will add credence to the predictive power of governance indicators towards SMD of Pakistan by incorporating Positive and Negative decomposed multipliers.

Зомби биовласти: устарела ли концепция сегодня?

The article is devoted to the discussion about what the concept of biopower, developed within the framework of the postmodern critical theory, means in the context of the modern world, both in general theoretical and empirical sense. According to the author’s conclusion, although this concept remains significant for Political Science, it is largely outdated and could turn into a scientific zombie idea. Giorgio Agamben, one of the classics of Political Philosophy, who denied the danger of the COVID-19 pandemic on the basis of the methodology of biopolitics, is case in point. Another evidence comes from the fact that researchers from different countries, including Russia, increasingly look for new approaches and tools of the biopolitical analysis, and try to saturate the concept with new ideas and data. This article proposes three ways how to make biopolitical research more relevant today. One way is to rethink the normative/moral foundations of biopower, to reject an implicitly negative assessment of the concept. Another way is to expand the historical framework, to pay greater attention to historical cases that allow us to trace different stages of the evolution of biopolitical patterns, to focus on the analysis of specific manifestations of biopower in concrete situations. The third way is to move towards the synthesis of critical biopolitics and evolutionary biopolitics, which draws data from the natural sciences. According to the author, these efforts together will make it possible to move from the unidirectional asymmetric link “the political influences the bio logical” to a more complex scheme of mutual reflective influence of the political and the biological.

Controllable Asymmetry Attack on Two-Way Fiber Time Synchronization System

Precise and secure time synchronization between two remote sites is necessary in many practical scenarios. Recently, the two-way fiber time transfer (TWFTT) system has become an attractive option for high-precision time synchronization. However, TWFTT is implemented based on symmetric link assumption, and such assumption may be maliciously utilized to cause significant time asynchronization to TWFTT. In this paper, we propose two novel controllable asymmetry attack schemes for TWFTT, namely, the link asymmetry attack and the attenuation asymmetry attack. We theoretically analyze the controllability and the effectiveness of these two attacks. Experimental results show that our link asymmetry attack can introduce 2.49 ns time offset per asymmetric link length (in meters), and our attenuation asymmetry attack can introduce at most 36.6 times time offset (compared to normal situation) when the attenuation is 45.3%. Our work can provide instructive insights for future studies of protecting TWFTT from delay asymmetry attacks.

Skewed Binary Regression to Study Rental Cars by Tourists in the Canary Islands

Tourism is one of the economic sectors that contributes the most to the gross domestic product in many countries, moving, in turn, other economic sectors such as transport. In particular, the automotive industry constitutes an economic subsector that moves vast amounts of money. Concerning tourism and transport sectors, car rental is a crucial element contributing considerably to gross domestic product and job creation. Due to the effects that vehicle rental seems to have on various economic sectors, it seems interesting to know why a tourist chooses to rent a car during their vacation in a specific destination. This work aims to study those factors that can be considered relevant and affect the probability of renting a vehicle. The document addressed the following research topics: (a) identifying significant variables; and (b) can information on these factors help car rental firms? Empirically, it is shown that more tourists do not rent a car and this fact has to be considered. Thus, the classical logistic and Bayesian regression models do not seem adequate in this case, so that the authors will consider an asymmetric logistic regression model. This work analyzes 28,235 tourists who visited the Canary Islands during 2017. From a Bayesian point of view, asymmetric logistics regression is chosen as the best model because it detects relevant development factors not seen by standard logistic regressions. In light of the document’s findings, various practice recommendations improve decision-making in this field. The asymmetric logit link is a helpful device that can help rental companies make decisions about their clients.

Leveraging Coupled BBR and Adaptive Packet Scheduling to Boost MPTCP

Multipath TCP (MPTCP) utilizes multiple paths for simultaneous data transmission to enhance performance. However, existing MPTCP protocols are still far from satisfactory in wireless networks because of their loss-based congestion control and the difficulty of managing multiple subflows. To overcome these problems, we redesign the coupled congestion control algorithm and scheduler to boost MPTCP in wireless heterogeneous networks. The main purpose is to promote transmission rate under lossy networks, while also provide stability when networks suffer physical link changes and asymmetric links. In this paper, inspired by Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR), we first propose Coupled BBR that utilizes detected bandwidth to adjust the sending rate within an MPTCP connection. Coupled BBR provides high loss tolerance as well as balanced congestion among MPTCP subflows. Then, to further improve the performance, we propose an Adaptively Redundant and Predictive packet (AR&P) scheduler to improve adaptability and keep in-order packet delivery in highly dynamic network scenarios. Based on Linux kernel implementation and experiments in both testbed and real network scenarios, we show that the proposed scheme not only provides high throughput in wireless networks, but also improves robustness and reduces out-of-order packets in some harsh circumstances.

An Asymmetric Investigation of Remittance and Trade Openness Impact on Inequality: Evidence From Selected South Asian Countries.

This study’s motivation is to explore the relationship pattern between remittance, trade openness, and inequality of selected south Asian countries for the 1976–2018 period. The study performed non-linear tests, including unit root tests, non-linearity applying ordinary least squares (OLS) and BDS tests, non-linear autoregressive distributed lagged (NARDL) tests, and asymmetry causality tests to assess their association. Study findings with non-linear unit root tests suggest that the research variables follow the non-linear process of becoming stationary from non-stationary. The non-linear OLS and BDS test results confirm the existence of non-linearity among research variables, implying rejection of the null hypothesis of “no non-linearity.” Furthermore, the results of the Wald test in NARDL confirm the availability of asymmetric links among variables. Besides this, the results of NARDL confirm the long-run asymmetric relationship between remittances, trade openness, and inequality in all sample nations. Findings suggest that both positive and negative shocks in remittances and trade openness is critical to either instituting or vexing the present state of inequality in the economy in the long term. In the directional relationship with asymmetry causality, the study shows that the feedback hypothesis holds to explain the asymmetric causal effects that are positive shocks in remittances and trade openness toward inequality.

Smart City Taxi Trajectory Coverage and Capacity Evaluation Model for Vehicular Sensor Networks

In a smart city, a large number of smart sensors are operating and creating a large amount of data for a large number of applications. Collecting data from these sensors poses some challenges, such as the connectivity of the sensors to the data center through the communication network, which in turn requires expensive infrastructure. The delay-tolerant networks are of interest to connect smart sensors at a large scale with their data centers through the smart vehicles (e.g., transport fleets or taxi cabs) due to a number of virtues such as data offloading, operations, and communication on asymmetric links. In this article, we analyze the coverage and capacity of vehicular sensor networks for data dissemination between smart sensors and their data centers using delay-tolerant networks. Therein, we observed the temporal and spatial movement of vehicles in a very large coverage area (25 × 25 km2) in Beijing. Our algorithm sorts the entire city into different rectangular grids of various sizes and calculates the possible chances of contact between smart sensors and taxis. We further calculate the vehicle density, coverage, and capacity of each grid through a real-time taxi trajectory. In our proposed study, numerical and spatial mining show that even with a relatively small subset of vehicles (100 to 400) in a smart city, the potential for data dissemination is as high as several petabytes. Our proposed network can use different cell sizes and various wireless technologies to achieve significant network area coverage. When the cell size is greater than 500 m2, we observe a coverage rate of 90% every day. Our findings prove that the proposed network model is suitable for those systems that can tolerate delays and have large data dissemination networks since the performance is insensitive to the delay with high data offloading capacity.

La traduction : accueil ou écueil de l’Autre ?

This article is devoted to the ethical and political dimension of the thought of translation, here being considered as a problem place where the relationship to the Other is the question. First, the study shows the principles of translation theories centered on the welcoming of the Other and it analyses the relationship between the notions of “proper” and “foreign”. Then the drifting that can be borne out of “non-ethical” translation which undervalue and/or ignore the asymmetrical links between dominant and dominated languages. Finally, the article sets into perspective the problems surrounding the question of the welcoming of the Other in translation in confronting them with the theses Tiphaine Samoyault puts forth in her book Traduction et violence (2020). The point is not to condemn translation under the pretext that it would only be violence, but to take into consideration the fact that it is a place full of tensions which one should learn to manage in a tactful manner. Therefore, to replace the notion of “truthful translation” Samoyault offers the concept of “just translation” which allows to reunite in the same phrase the notion of “justness” (to find the just word) and that of justice (to adjust the translation, to adapt to inequalities). In short, the article undertakes the examination of the problem of the Other in translation while referring to Ricoeur’s idea that the foreigner is neither the same (identical to us) nor the other (different from us) but the similar, that is to say the conjunction of the identical and the different.

Factors driving IPO variability: evidence from Pakistan stock exchange

PurposeThe objectives of this study are twofold. First, it intends to investigate the symmetric link between initial public offering (IPO) variability and the determinants of the stock market index, treasury bill rate, inflation, GDP growth rate and foreign direct investment. Second, this study intends to examine the asymmetric link between IPO variability and the aforementioned determinants, namely the stock market index, treasury bill rate, inflation, GDP growth rate and foreign direct investment.Design/methodology/approachData from 1992 to 2018 were gathered from the country of Pakistan in order to achieve the above objectives. Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests were employed to determine the data's stationarity properties. The Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) model was utilized to examine the symmetric links, and the Non-Linear Auto Regressive Distributive Lag Model (NARDL) was employed to determine the asymmetric links. While the long-run co-integration was examined using the ARDL bound test, the short-run dynamics were tested using the error correction method (ECM).FindingsThe macroeconomic variables of the stock market index, treasury bill rate, inflation, GDP growth rate and foreign direct investment are found to pose significant short-run and long-run symmetric and asymmetric effects on IPO variability. These results indicate the significance of the aforementioned variables in enhancing IPO variability. The findings also demonstrate the typical reactions of inflation, GDP and FDI towards negative and positive shocks in IPO variability and inflation. This evidence implies that Pakistan's poor capital market development is reflected in the country's weak macroeconomic factors. At the same time, the reduced IPO variability in the country also reflects the lack of confidence among prospective issuers and investors due to Pakistan's weak macroeconomic indicators.Originality/valueThis is the first study of its kind to properly investigate the symmetric and asymmetric effects of the macroeconomic variables on Pakistan's IPO variability.

Analysis of Asymmetries in the Nexus between Tourism and Balance of Payments Deficit: An Updated Evidence from Pakistan

The current study intends to securitize the asymmetric link between tourism and deficit in the balance of payments of Pakistan. To this end, the study deploys the annual data for 1976-2019, applying a novel cointegrating approach, viz, asymmetric Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (NARDL) technique. The Zivot and Andrews (1992) test is also deployed to capture the potential structural break. The findings confirm the non-linear cointegration among the selected series. Additionally, the results reveal that the deficit in the balance of payment (BOPs) responds to the positive and negative changes in the tourism atypically. Besides, the balance of trade deficit, real effective exchange rate, and fiscal balance deficit exhibit the direct association with BOPs deficit. Based on the outcomes, the study recommends some crucial policies to encourage the tourism sector in Pakistan as it has significant potential to reduce the deficit in the BOPs.

Motion Capture and Intelligent Correction Method of Badminton Movement Based on Machine Vision

In recent years, badminton has become more and more popular in national fitness programs. Amateur badminton clubs have been established all over the country, and amateur badminton events at all levels have increased significantly. Due to the lack of correct medical supervision and health guidance, many people have varying degrees of injury during sports. Therefore, it is very important to study the method of badminton movement capture and intelligent correction based on machine vision to provide safe and effective exercise plan for amateur badminton enthusiasts. This article aims to study the methods of motion capture and intelligent correction of badminton. Aiming at the shortcoming of the mean shift algorithm that it is easy to lose the target when the target is occluded or the background is disturbed, this paper combines the mean shift algorithm with the Kalman filter algorithm and proposes an improvement to the combined algorithm. The improved algorithm is added to the calculation of the average speed of the target, which can be used as the target speed when the target is occluded to predict the area where the target may appear at the next moment, and it can also be used as a judgment condition for whether the target is interfered by the background. The improved algorithm combines the macroscopic motion information of the target, can overcome the problem of target loss when the target is occluded and background interference, and improves the robustness of target tracking. Using LabVIEW development environment to write the system software of the Japanese standard tracking robot, the experiment verified the rationality and correctness of the improved target tracking algorithm and motion control method, which can meet the real-time performance of moving target tracking. Experimental results show that 83% of amateur badminton players have problems with asymmetric functions and weak links. Based on machine vision technology, it can provide reliable bottom line reference for making training plans, effectively improve the quality of action, improve the efficiency of action, and promote the development of sports competitive level.

Asymmetric impact of fiscal decentralization and environmental innovation on carbon emissions: Evidence from highly decentralized countries

This study examines the asymmetric link between fiscal decentralization, environmental innovation, and carbon emissions in highly decentralized countries. Our preliminary findings strictly reject the preposition of data normality and highlight that the observed relationship is quantile-dependent, which may disclose misleading results in previous studies using linear methodologies. Therefore, a novel empirical estimation technique popularized as Method of Moments Quantile Regression is employed that simultaneously deal with non-normality and structural changes. The results exhibit that fiscal decentralization significantly mitigates carbon emissions only at lower to medium emissions quantiles. On the other hand, environmental innovation reduces carbon emissions only at medium to higher emissions quantiles. Interestingly, the emissions-reducing effect of fiscal decentralization is highest for lower emissions quantiles and lowest for higher emissions quantiles. In contrast, the impact of environmental innovation is lowest for lower emissions quantiles and highest for higher emission quantiles. Economic growth and population increase carbon emissions, and their emissions-increasing effect are lowest for lower emissions quantiles and highest for higher emissions quantiles. Moreover, the heterogeneous panel causality test confirms a one-way causal association, implying that any policy intervention regarding fiscal decentralization and environmental innovation significantly affects carbon emissions.