Asymmetric Buildings Research Articles

Theoretical insight on structure, electronic, and optical properties of two d 0–d 10 electron transition-metal oxyhalides SHG materials

Materials containing mixed anions, particularly, oxyhalides containing asymmetric functional building units, may lead to the discovery of excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. In the present work, the geometric structure, mechanical properties, electronic structure and optical properties of two d 0–d 10 electron transition-metal oxyhalides Cs2CdV2O6Cl2 and Cs3CdV4O12Br have been systematically determined based on density functional theory. The asymmetric functional building units [V2O7], [V4O13], [CdO2Cl4] and [CdO4Br2] exhibit varying degrees of second-order Jahn−Teller distortions, contributing differently to the macroscopic nonlinearity. Mechanical properties reveal that the two oxyhalides are structurally and mechanically stable. Detailed electronic and optical properties of the two oxyhalides are provided. Optical anisotropy character is exhibited along different polarization vectors, giving a large birefringence for satisfying the phase-matching condition. Maximum absolute values of static second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients are 4.47 pm V−1 for Cs2CdV2O6Cl2 and 3.72 pm V−1 for Cs3CdV4O12Br, suggesting that Cs2CdV2O6Cl2 and Cs3CdV4O12Br are potential NLO crystals with large SHG coefficients. In particular, unique 3D framework structures give a polar structure superposition of individual moments for asymmetric functional building units. Thus, maximum magnitudes of the total microscopic dipole are achieved, having the largest influence on the SHG response. This study elucidates the relationship between the structure and properties of transition-metal oxyhalides, providing valuable insights for designing NLO materials with excellent performance.

Spin Filtering and Amplification in Self-Assembled Nanofibers Based on Chiral Asymmetric Building Blocks.

The cooperativity in artificial self-assembling systems can be enhanced to expand their applications and redesign their properties. Recently, chiral molecules have garnered renewed attention due to their potential as highly efficient spin filters through the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. However, the potential of asymmetric building blocks based on chiral perylene diimides (PDIs) self-assembled materials to generate a spin-polarized current is still not widely acknowledged. In this work, we have demonstrated that nanofibers derived from "asymmetric PDIs" molecules have been found to exhibit promising spin-filtering property and the amplification of spin polarization at room temperature. Also, the exploration of chiral amplification and correlating it with the amplification of spin polarization have been reported for the first time through this work. These findings underscore the significance of self-assembled materials in the realm of spintronics, as they offer fascinating platforms with evolving structure-property relationship. It also provides the feasible possibility of enhancing the CISS-based spintronic devices that can accomplish controllability and high spin-filtering efficiency simultaneously.

Three [Ln2Co2] cluster-based three-dimensional frameworks: Syntheses, structure, and magnetocaloric effect

The heterometallic 3d-4f clusters are being researched, for some time now, as being applicable to molecular magnetism. Especially, the Gd3+-containing multi-nuclear clusters attract wide study attention, on account of the significant magnetocaloric effect (MCE). Herein, three-dimensional (3D) 3d-4f heterometallic clusters are successfully gained via solvothermal conditions, formulated as {[Ln2Co2Na2(L)2(C2O4)2(H2O)4]·(H2O)2}n (abbreviated as Ln2Co2, Ln = Gd for 1; Ln = Tb for 2, and Ln = Dy for 3; L = ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt). Structural analysis shows that Ln2Co2 clusters are mainly consistent of the [Ln2Co2Na2(L)2(C2O4)2(H2O)4] metal frames, which are the asymmetric building units. Interestingly, [Ln2Co2Na2(L)2(C2O4)2(H2O)4] metal frames can be constructed by one chain-shaped [Ln2(C2O4)2], one [Na2(H2O)2] dimer, and two [CoL(H2O)] units. Tree building units are connected to constitute 3D structure of Ln2Co2. In addition, the metal ions make Gd2Co2 exhibit the magnetic entropy change (-∆Sm = 31.17 J kg−1 K−1 at 2.0 K and 7.0 T) and ideal -∆Sm value at low-field condition (20.18 J kg−1 K−1 at 2.0 K and 2.0 T).

Comparison of Asymmetric and Symmetric RCC Building with Soil Structure Interaction by Dynamic Loading

Multi story building are very much common in the urban area nowadays due to scarcity of land and increase in the cost of land. Most of the structure are not in regular either in shape and mass distribution. But the performance of structure will not be good as regular symmetric type structure. A plan asymmetric having L shaped normally exhibits a complex response under dynamic loads. In this research work, effect of change of height and change of number of bays are studied separately with soil structure interaction. In recent years, due to demand in aesthetical view and architectural design, people want unique in building so the building are designed with irregularities. Using software is used for modelling and studying the various parameter such as displacement, time period, frequency and acceleration

A Review on Seismic Performance of Asymmetric Buildings with Shear Walls

There is an increasing trend in the construction field to build structures that are asymmetric both horizontally and vertically due to the need for unique aesthetic appearance. Also, the increase in population forces people to build structures in densely populated cities leading to scarcity of land for construction. Many other circumstances pave the way for structures to be irregular in nature. These structures have to be made seismically resistant in order to avoid loss of life and property. Shear walls are one among the solutions to conditions that don't satisfy seismic resistance. They have high stiffness which counteracts the lateral loads of the building due to earthquake forces. This study aims at providing insight to major findings about the behavior of asymmetric structures with different locations of shear walls in terms of seismic response parameters.

Centres of rigidity in multi-storey asymmetric diaphragm systems for eigenmodal vibrations

In this paper a general methodology is proposed for calculating the centres of rigidity of multi-storey asymmetric buildings subjected to eigenmodal vibrations with possible modal damping. The methodology is applicable to any building with horizontal diaphragms, even to those with complex topology, possible coupling of diaphragms and existence of additional masses out of diaphragms, assuming linearly elastic behaviour. The methodology is presented in a simple formulation, using only the stiffness resisting diaphragm forces during these vibrations. The methodology uses the results of two eigenmodes obtained by eigenmodal analysis, which can be carried out by a variety of standard programs for dynamic analysis of structures, along with a small post-processing effort that can be easily programmed in a worksheet. A numerical example presents the individual steps of the proposed methodology, while two additional numerical examples demonstrate it's simplicity and efficiency. It is shown that the centres of rigidity lie on a fixed position in each diaphragm for each proper pair of eigenmodal vibrations, irrespective of the existence of modal damping, and therefore they can be included in the basic dynamic characteristics of the building.

Theoretical Investigation of Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Cs3MoO4(HCO3) with NLO Active Functional Units

AbstractEmploying functional building units with microscopic second‐order NLO response has been proposed to explore high performance NLO materials. Herein, structural, electronic and optical properties of non‐centrosymmetric molybdenyl carbonate Cs3MoO4(HCO3) with NLO active functional units have been examined based on density functional theory. Theoretical results are consistent with experimentally mentioned data, confirming the reliable method. Detailed geometric structure, electronic attributes, linear optical properties, and nonlinear optical properties of Cs3MoO4(HCO3) are provided. Analysis of structures, compositions of bands and plots of charge density suggest that asymmetric functional building units [MoO4] and [HCO3] exhibit varying degrees of second‐order Jahn‐Teller distortions, and therefore have a significant impact on the electronic structure and optical properties of Cs3MoO4(HCO3). Maximum absolute value of SHG coefficients at 1064 nm is 0.671 pm/V for d15, which is nearly twice as much as that of KDP. Further researches are needed in future to validate and enhance optical anisotropy characteristic of Cs3MoO4(HCO3) for satisfying the phase matching conditions. Analysis results indicate that microscopic origins of SHG response in Cs3MoO4(HCO3) are complicated, such as geometric environment, induced polar asymmetric functional building units, and electronic properties. Continuous research on structure‐property relationship of NLO materials is needed for exploring more competitive NLO materials.

Review of Using Shear Walls and Bracings for Seismic Strengthening of High-Rise RC Structures

This review explores the seismic resistance of high-rise buildings through the implementation of shear wall and steel bracing systems. The use of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with shear wall systems and steel structures with concentrated steel bracing systems has become increasingly common to mitigate seismic effects. However, the response of these systems to seismic loads varies due to differences in structural design and response factor values. Additionally, the presence of asymmetrical building designs poses a potential risk during earthquakes, necessitating a thorough examination of both new and old structures. By analyzing the dynamic properties and influencing factors of irregular RCC buildings with shear walls, this research aims to assess the impact of shear walls on factors such as base shear, torsion, story displacement, and drift. Furthermore, the study investigates the effectiveness of steel bracing systems in enhancing the performance of high-rise buildings under wind and seismic loading conditions. Different bracing configurations are evaluated to determine their ability to reduce lateral displacements and improve structural strength and stiffness. The findings will provide valuable insights into optimizing the location and design of bracing systems for enhanced structural resilience against seismic and wind forces while considering both economic and effectiveness factors.

Deterioration-induced asymmetry-insensitive collapse behavior in low-rise torsionally-stiff buildings

This study investigates a significant point in the collapse behavior of asymmetric torsionally-stiff buildings, which is ignored by seismic design codes. The aim is to show how the effect of asymmetry on the collapse capacity depends on the deterioration characteristics of structures. To this end, the collapse performance evaluation of low-rise moment-resisting frame buildings is performed according to the FEMA-P695 methodology, emphasizing the drawbacks of ignoring degrading properties of structures in the collapse assessment. Then, the importance of deterioration is measured by a novel criterion, which is able to resolve the deficiency of prior justifications for the effect of asymmetry on the collapse performance of structures. Accordingly, there is a limit state for the proposed measure above which we may have an asymmetry-insensitive collapse performance for low-rise torsionally-stiff buildings. A two-step verification process is employed to confirm the validity of the results.

Parliamentary Systems in Continental European Countries and its Relationship to the Effectiveness of Legislative Institutions

Every country has a unique style regarding the parliamentary system they follow. This parliamentary system may experience changes or developments that differ from the initial concept. It is expected because each country has other political, cultural, social, and economic conditions. It is normative legal research with a historical and conceptual approach, then conducted in a comparative study. The results of this study found that the French parliamentary system is included in the category of Medium-Strength bicameralism with asymmetrical and incongruent characteristics. The Dutch parliament belongs to medium-strength bicameralism with symmetrical and harmonious features. The Austrian legislature, known as the Bundesrat, does not have the same power as the Nationalrat, so the management of the two chambers of parliament is asymmetrical. Meanwhile, the parliamentary system in Indonesia can be classified as medium-strength bicameralism with asymmetrical and incongruent buildings. The parliamentary system can indirectly affect the effectiveness of the legislature's performance. Sometimes, the system adopted can make parliament an effective and efficient institution or vice versa. A small example is France, which can complete over 50% of proposed legislation in one year. Meanwhile, from 2020-2024, only 17 draft laws were constructed in Indonesia out of 215 registered. This figure is only 7.9% of the total proposed bill. Suppose the parliamentary system adopted has yet to bring parliament into a better, transparent, efficient, and open legislative body. In that case, the system can be re-evaluated by considering the existing ideal parliamentary concept.

The Behaviour of Building Frames on Raft Foundation using Dynamic Analysis

When designing building frames for seismic reasons, the effect of soil flexibility is typically disregarded, and the design is executed using the outcomes of dynamic analysis with a fixed base condition. Because the overall lateral stiffness of the structure decreases as a result of soil flexibility, the lateral natural period lengthens. The building frames situated on the Raft foundation may experience a significant change in seismic response due to this extension of the lateral natural period (T). Therefore, it is imperative to consider the soil's flexibility, also known as soil structure interaction, when doing analysis on the foundation's supporting layer.
 This paper examines how asymmetric building frames with raft footings behave dynamically when subjected to seismic forces that involve soil-structure interaction. The analysis is performed with SAP 2000*V21 FEM software. The structure is idealized as a three-dimensional space frame, with slabs modeled as a thin shell with four noded plate elements and six degrees of freedom at each node, and beams and columns modeled as two noded line elements. The soil is represented as equivalent springs with one (Winkler) and six (Modified Winkler) degrees of freedom; the stiffness of these springs varies depending on the type of soil and is determined by its dynamic shear modulus and poissons ratio. The Modified Winkler and Winkler raft foundations are modeled as thin shells with four noded plate elements, each with six degrees of freedom, and are criticized so that the element aspect ratios are equal to one.
 
 To assess the impact of soil structure interaction on building frames, the response is compared for a range of building frames with and without consideration of soil flexibility in terms of fundamental Natural Period, Seismic Base Shear, and Max. Lateral Displacement. The parametric study for Zone V takes into account the influence of various parameters, including the number of bays, stories, span lengths, and soil types (i.e., soft, medium, and stiff).
 
 It is discovered that the fundamental lateral natural period and seismic base shear of the system are significantly altered by the influence of soil flexibility on building frames. As soil stiffness decreases, the lateral natural period and seismic base shear increase as a result of soil flexibility. Additionally, it has been noted that as the number of bays increases, so do the building's base shear and lateral period. As the number of bays and stories increases, so does the maximum lateral displacement. 

Floor Response Spectra of Single-Story Asymmetric Buildings

Floor Response Spectra of Single-Story Asymmetric Buildings

Torsion of asymmetric buildings during non-linear deformation of reinforced concrete

Torsion of asymmetric buildings during non-linear deformation of reinforced concrete

Copolymers Based on π-Conjugated Asymmetric Naphthalene Diimide Building Blocks: Synthesis, Crystallography, and Structure–Property–Charge Transport/Photovoltaic Correlations

Copolymers Based on π-Conjugated Asymmetric Naphthalene Diimide Building Blocks: Synthesis, Crystallography, and Structure–Property–Charge Transport/Photovoltaic Correlations

Energy-Based Simplified Damper Design Methodology for Seismic Torsional Vibration Control of Buildings with Experimental Verification

ABSTRACT An energy-based damper design methodology is presented to achieve equal displacement at the building edges for torsionally coupled existing new buildings. Considering ductile and non-ductile RC buildings ranging from simple to complex types involving vertical irregularities, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is studied. Shake table tests are carried out on an L-shape small-scale building model with viscoelastic dampers. The torsional response is significantly reduced by designing the dampers as per the proposed methodology. These methodologies help the designer to achieve damping constants for multistory asymmetric plan buildings using design spreadsheets with a few iterations in the damper design.

Reduced-order model for RBDO of multiple TMDs on eccentric L-shaped buildings subjected to seismic excitations

L-shaped buildings subjected to ground accelerations undergo coupled lateral and torsional vibrations that can result in critical stress concentrations at their re-entrant corners. Even so, a comprehensive literature review indicates that the Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) of multiple Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) in L-shaped buildings has not been studied yet, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Indeed, the more refined structural model required to capture the wings motion, rather than assuming shear-framed behavior as performed on asymmetric rectangular buildings, becomes critical in an RBDO framework. Thus, integrating a non-modal Model Order Reduction (MOR) strategy allows for a massive reduction in the computational burden. Emerging from control engineering, these techniques do not form their orthogonal subspace based on modal information. Furthermore, they dispense previous snapshots of the system solution while being suitable for non-classically damped systems. Within this context, this paper presents a novel MOR-based RBDO study of multiple TMDs in L-shaped buildings subjected to seismic excitation. The MOR algorithm connects second-order Krylov subspaces to build the reduced-order model at a specific expansion frequency with a windowing strategy for sweeping the complete frequency domain. Then, it is integrated into the RBDO, aiming to determine bi-directional TMD configurations that minimize the building’s annual failure rate for the serviceability limit state. The application case consists of a 4-story L-shaped building with 2880 active degrees of freedom (DOFs). The results show that a reduction in failure probability of up to 65% can be achieved while reaching a speed-up factor (SUF) of more than 35.

Inexpressible Number and the Secrets of the Erechtheion

In the Classical period, the Erechtheion and the Parthenon were constructed opposite each other on the Acropolis of Athens. If the Parthenon represents perfection, what can be said of the Erechtheion? We are familiar with the idea that the perceived perfection of monuments such as the Parthenon is due in large measure to their proportional systems. Can such a system possibly be at work in the Erechtheion, a structure that otherwise seems the antithesis of the compositionally simple, perfectly pure Parthenon? Asymmetrical buildings closely configured to elaborate programmatic requirements are the norm in contemporary architecture, yet the Erechtheion continues to seem idiosyncratic, and the intentions of its designers obscure. Yet the exquisite beauty of its carving has always promised more. This paper will show that the Erechtheion does indeed follow a rigorous proportional scheme that is consistent down to its smallest details and which is located firmly within a Greek tradition as passed on to us by Vitruvius. The proportional apparatus of ancient Greek architecture, most often interpreted as relationships of rational numbers, will be shown to control the design of the Erechtheion through the rational approximations of irrational numbers as described by ancient authors. Keywords: Erechtheion, Vitruvius, Ionic order, irrational numbers, square root of two

An asymmetric non-fused electron-deficient building block for low-cost polymer acceptor in all-polymer solar cells

An asymmetric non-fused electron-deficient building block for low-cost polymer acceptor in all-polymer solar cells

Effects of the extended N2 method on non-linear static procedures of reinforced concrete frame structures

This paper intends to contribute to the validation of the extended N2 nonlinear static method of seismic analysis through the study of two existing reinforced concrete frames. The scope is to further investigate the limitations of the original N2 method in predicting the seismic response of plan asymmetric buildings and to assess the higher accuracy of the extended N2 method. The two case study buildings are representative of the Italian construction between the ’70s and ’90s. One is designed for gravity loads only, the other is designed according to an old seismic code. Two modelling strategies are used, one with distributed and the other with lumped plastic hinges. Three eccentricities eCM between centre of mass and plan geometric centre are considered (eCM = 0%, 5% and 15%). The pushover analyses are carried out following the N2 method, the N2 method plus the 100:30 directional combination rule and the extended N2 method. The results are compared with those obtained from nonlinear history analyses. For each building the seismic demand is assessed for three hazard levels. The results indicate that the application of the extended N2 method significantly enhances the shape of the demand prediction, particularly for buildings with higher plan eccentricities. On the other hand, the directional combination does not significantly change the results and should be neglected.

Engineering Robust Metallic Zero-Mode States in Olympicene Graphene Nanoribbons.

Metallic graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) represent a critical component in the toolbox of low-dimensional functional materials technology serving as 1D interconnects capable of both electronic and quantum information transport. The structural constraints imposed by on-surface bottom-up GNR synthesis protocols along with the limited control over orientation and sequence of asymmetric monomer building blocks during the radical step-growth polymerization have plagued the design and assembly of metallic GNRs. Here, we report the regioregular synthesis of GNRs hosting robust metallic states by embedding a symmetric zero-mode (ZM) superlattice along the backbone of a GNR. Tight-binding electronic structure models predict a strong nearest-neighbor electron hopping interaction between adjacent ZM states, resulting in a dispersive metallic band. First-principles density functional theory-local density approximation calculations confirm this prediction, and the robust, metallic ZM band of olympicene GNRs is experimentally corroborated by scanning tunneling spectroscopy.