Asymmetric Arrangement Research Articles

Highly disordered ionic distribution in α‐dicalcium silicate for structure relaxation

AbstractDicalcium silicate, which is found in steelmaking slag for dephosphorization, exists as the hexagonal α phase at high temperatures. The α‐dicalcium silicate forms a solid solution with tricalcium phosphate in the entire composition range, although the reason for high solubility of phosphorus remains unclear in view of the crystal structure. It has previously been reported that the crystal structure of α‐dicalcium silicate consists of a symmetric arrangement of Ca2+ ions and SiO44− tetrahedra, although other polymorphs exhibit asymmetric arrangements. However, because the occupation probability of each atomic site in the α polymorph is not limited to unity, it has not been qualified how these ions are exactly arranged. In this study, the ionic distribution in the α polymorph of dicalcium silicate was evaluated by first‐principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT), as well as by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with a polarizable ion model optimized by DFT calculation. The results indicated that the completely symmetric ionic arrangement, as reported for the α phase, is the most unstable. Electronic‐state calculation and MD simulation indicated that a highly disordered ionic arrangement spontaneously forms in the α‐phase crystal for structure relaxation when held at high temperatures, or when phosphorus is incorporated.

Variants of the design of the dentition of the anterior segments with a progenic and prognathic ratio of edentulous jaws

Objective: To improve the prosthetic and aesthetic treatment of patients with complete absence of teeth, taking into account the development of an algorithm for determining the size of the sagittal gap of the frontal segments against the background of a progenic or prognathic ratio of the jaws and their combinations. Methods: A method of mathematical modeling based on digital data of the distance between the tops of the alveolar ridges of the frontal areas of the edentulous jaws has been developed using a designed measuring device. Results: The results of digital calculations based on the determination of the root-mean-square deviation of the interalveolar lines revealed a different amount of bends and configurations of the interalveolar gaps and median arches common to both parts of the frontal segments. Five main variants of the interalveolar fissure and 26 cases of symmetric or asymmetric arrangement of the tops of the alveolar ridges of the right and left sides were obtained. Accordingly, the divergence angles for each pair in the projection of the missing teeth had their own characteristics, which must be taken into account when deciding on the choice of tooth placement in each specific case. Conclusions: Based on the obtained digital interpolation ratios of the interalveolar lines and the angles of their inclination in relation to the midline, the anterior teeth are placed taking into account the level of the sagittal gap, the parameters of which have different levels of symmetry or asymmetry on the right and left sides.

Parliamentary administrations in the bicameral systems of Europe: joint or divided?

ABSTRACT Parliamentary administrations play a fundamental role in support to their institutions. However, a clear comparative picture of whether, and if so how, the internal organisation of parliamentary administrations adapts to the parliamentary architecture is still lacking. The purpose of this article is to address this gap, focusing on the macro and micro features of parliamentary administrations in bicameral systems in Europe in order to assess how different symmetrical or asymmetrical bicameral arrangements influence the administrative organisation of parliament. The comparative analysis reveals that, from the macro-organisational perspective, the main distinction between divided and joint parliamentary administrative formats is independent of the symmetrical or asymmetrical nature of the bicameral architecture. By contrast, from the viewpoint of the micro-organisation, different forms of administrative synergies between the two Houses can be detected, which show some significant correlation with the bicameral structure. On the whole, however, these influences act in multiple and often uneven ways.

Polarization-insensitive dual-band terahertz metamaterial absorber based on asymmetric arrangement of two rectangular-shaped resonators

We present a design of a polarization-insensitive dual-band metamaterial absorber (MA) in the THz region by employing a three-layer structure consisting of a rectangular-shaped resonator on top of silicon and metallic film. Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation indicates that two perfect absorption peaks can be achieved at 5.35 and 9.0 THz with absorptivity greater than 96% under normal incidence. The asymmetry in design structure eliminates any polarization dependence, and absorptivity is nearly 80% for large incidence angle up to 60°. The individual absorption band can be tuned by varying the dimensions of the rectangular-shaped resonator. The design idea provides a new strategy to achieve polarization-insensitive MA by arranging structure and can be extended to other bands.

Structures of Substrate Complexes of Foamy Viral Protease-Reverse Transcriptase.

ABSTRACTReverse transcriptases (RTs) use their DNA polymerase and RNase H activities to catalyze the conversion of single-stranded RNA to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), a crucial process for the replication of retroviruses. Foamy viruses (FVs) possess a unique RT, which is a fusion with the protease (PR) domain. The mechanism of substrate binding by this enzyme has been unknown. Here, we report a crystal structure of monomeric full-length marmoset FV (MFV) PR-RT in complex with an RNA/DNA hybrid substrate. We also describe a structure of MFV PR-RT with an RNase H deletion in complex with a dsDNA substrate in which the enzyme forms an asymmetric homodimer. Cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the full-length MFV PR-RT–dsDNA complex confirmed the dimeric architecture. These findings represent the first structural description of nucleic acid binding by a foamy viral RT and demonstrate its ability to change its oligomeric state depending on the type of bound nucleic acid.IMPORTANCE Reverse transcriptases (RTs) are intriguing enzymes converting single-stranded RNA to dsDNA. Their activity is essential for retroviruses, which are divided into two subfamilies differing significantly in their life cycles: Orthoretrovirinae and Spumaretrovirinae. The latter family is much more ancient and comprises five genera. A unique feature of foamy viral RTs is that they contain N-terminal protease (PR) domains, which are not present in orthoretroviral enzymes. So far, no structural information for full-length foamy viral PR-RT interacting with nucleic substrates has been reported. Here, we present crystal and cryo-electron microscopy structures of marmoset foamy virus (MFV) PR-RT. These structures revealed the mode of binding of RNA/DNA and dsDNA substrates. Moreover, unexpectedly, the structures and biochemical data showed that foamy viral PR-RT can adopt both a monomeric configuration, which is observed in our structures in the presence of an RNA/DNA hybrid, and an asymmetric dimer arrangement, which we observed in the presence of dsDNA.

3D reconstruction of the rat adrenal medulla.

We performed 3D reconstruction of the microscopic structure of the adrenal medulla of the adult rats using serial histological sections with histochemical differentiation of adrenaline-storing (A) and noradrenaline-storing (NA) cells. Medulla volume is 1.18±0.17mm3 . Chromaffin tissue consists of 82.9±2.6% of A and 17.1±2.6% of NA cells. Cords of the chromaffinocytes run along the nerves in the adrenal cortex and form cones when merging with medulla bulk. There is no unambiguously greater prevalence of A cells over NA in the areas of the medulla bordering on the cortex as compared to deep layers of medulla. NA cells form a network of beams. Their concentration increases with distance from the entry site of the nerves and is maximal on the opposite side. This testifies to the fallacy of the point of view about the disordered distribution of NA cells in the medulla. Based on the polar asymmetric arrangement of the adrenal chromaffin tissue, if it is necessary to completely remove the medulla with the keeping or reimplantation of the cortex, the subcapsular cortex zone located on the pole opposite to the entrance of nerves should be chosen. In addition, comparable results in the stereological examination of the medulla can be obtained only if taking its areas similar in location. The pronounced relationship in the arrangement of A and NA cells with nerves clearly indicates that in vivo nerve factors play a key role in differentiation and stabilization of the A and NA cells phenotypes.

Engineering MoTe2 and Janus SeMoTe nanosheet structures: First-principles roadmap and practical uses in hydrogen evolution reactions and symmetric supercapacitors

Recent advancements in van der Waals-bonded atomically layered structures have tremendously shaped the possibilities of exploring novel materials and physical phenomena for practical modern applications. The astonishing physicochemical characteristics inspired by the Janus transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) of SeMoTe owing to their asymmetric atomic arrangements were deliberately chosen for study by first-principles calculations with an elaborate comparison of their paternal MoSe 2 and MoTe 2 structures. The experimental synthesis was made by a cost-effective one-pot reaction methodology to engineer MoTe 2 and SeMoTe alloy nanosheet structures. For the water-splitting hydrogen evolution reaction, the SeMoTe alloy nanosheet structures evolved low overpotentials and Tafel slopes in alkaline and acidic media, which proved their persistent atomic arrangements regardless of the pH. To extend their uses, symmetric capacitors were made using MoSe 2 , MoTe 2 , and SeMoTe active electrodes, and found their high specific energy of 41.3 W h kg −1 at a specific power of 4.0 kW kg −1 with 367 F g −1 capacitance at a current density of 1.0 A g −1 for the Janus SeMoTe nanosheet structure. The observed results not only discover the incredible potential of Janus SeMoTe nanosheets for green energy production and symmetric storage devices but also facilitate novel phenomena to engineer asymmetrically stretched TMD structures for future smart applications. Asymmetrically atoms arranged SeMoTe layered structure synthesized by one-pot reaction. Symmetric capacitance of 367 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 with 41.3 W h kg −1 at 4.0 kW kg −1 explored for SeMoTe electrode. SeMoTe alloy evolved low overpotentials and Tafel slopes in base and acidic media for HER. First principles calculation derived the density of states, Gibbs energy and quantum capacitance. • Asymmetrically arranged SeMoTe layered structure derived by one-pot reaction. • Exclusive comparison of SeMoTe electrochemical characteristic with MoTe 2 and MoSe 2 . • First principles calculation proved the enhanced density of states and low Gibbs energy. • Symmetric capacitance of 460 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 with 40.8 W h kg −1 at 4.5 kW kg −1 . • SeMoTe alloy evolved low overpotentials and Tafel slopes in base and acidic media.

Blade Sorting Method for Unbalance Minimization of an Aeroengine Concentric Rotor

This paper proposes a blade sorting method based on the cloud adaptive genetic algorithm (CAGA), which is used to optimize the unbalanced of asymmetric rotor of aero-engine. Firstly, by analyzing the unbalance of the arrangement caused by the deviation of the mass moment of the blade, and considering the concentricity of the disk, an optimization model of the unbalanced amount of the blade assembly was established. Secondly, the selection operator, crossover operator, and mutation operator of the algorithm were designed, and the cloud adaptive genetic algorithm was used to optimize the assembly unbalance. Thirdly, the mass moments of a group of aero-engine blades were weighed using a moment scale (MW0), and the blade mass moment distribution and assembly unbalance under the six blade arrangements were analyzed. Finally, by setting different disk concentricity, the corresponding blade arrangement and the final rotor unbalance were obtained. Through analysis, it was found that the unbalance of GA is at least 57.5% optimized relative to the weight sorted, sorting type 2, sorting type 4, and sorting-1/4 skip method, and the unbalance optimized by the CAGA is 95.7% optimized relative to GA. In the case of different initial concentricity of the disk, the effective algorithm accuracy is still maintained, which proves the effectiveness of the method for the arrangement of asymmetric rotor blades. This method establishes an effective asymmetric rotor blade arrangement model, uses the cloud adaptive genetic algorithm to sort the blade assembly, and effectively reduces the unbalanced amount of the asymmetric rotor.

Dual-axis Volta phase plate cryo-electron tomography of Ebola virus-like particles reveals actin-VP40 interactions

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a pivotal imaging technique for studying the structure of pleomorphic enveloped viruses and their interactions with the host at native conditions. Owing to the limited tilting range of samples with a slab geometry, electron tomograms suffer from so-called missing wedge information in Fourier space. In dual-axis cryo-ET, two tomograms reconstructed from orthogonally oriented tilt series are combined into a tomogram with improved resolution as the missing wedge information is reduced to a pyramid. Volta phase plate (VPP) allows to perform in-focus cryo-ET with high contrast transfer at low-resolution frequencies and thus its application may improve the quality of dual-axis tomograms. Here, we compare dual-axis cryo-ET with and without VPP on Ebola virus-like particles to visualize and segment viral and host cell proteins within the membrane-enveloped filamentous particles. Dual-axis VPP cryo-ET reduces the missing wedge information and ray artifacts arising from the weighted back-projection during tomogram reconstruction, thereby minimizing ambiguity in the analysis of crowded environments and facilitating 3D segmentation. We show that dual-axis VPP tomograms provide a comprehensive description of macromolecular organizations such as nucleocapsid assembly states, the distribution of glycoproteins on the viral envelope and asymmetric arrangements of the VP40 layer in non-filamentous regions of virus-like particles. Our data reveal actin filaments within virus-like particles in close proximity to the viral VP40 scaffold, suggesting a direct interaction between VP40 and actin filaments. Dual-axis VPP cryo-ET provides more complete 3D information at high contrast and allows for better interpretation of macromolecule interactions and pleomorphic organizations.

High-efficiency single and tandem fullerene solar cells with asymmetric monofluorinated diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer

Design and synthesis of low bandgap (LBG) polymer donors is inevitably challenging and their processability from a non-halogenated solvent system remains a hurdle to overcome in the area of high-performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). Due to a high aggregation tendency of LBG polymers, especially diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymers coupled with bithiophenes in the polymer backbones, their widespread adoption in non-halogenated solvent-processed PSCs has been limited. Herein, a novel LBG DPP-based polymer, called PDPP4T-1F with asymmetric arrangement of fluorine atom, has been successfully synthesized and showed an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.10% in a single-junction fullerene-based PSCs. Furthermore, an impressive PCE of 13.21% has been achieved in a tandem device from a fully non-halogenated solvent system, which integrates a wide bandgap PDTBTBz-2F polymer in the bottom cell and LBG PDPP4T-1F polymer in the top cell. The achieved efficiency is the highest value reported in the literature to date in fullerene-based tandem PSCs. We found that a uniformly distributed interpenetrating fibril network with nano-scale phase separation and anisotropy of the polymer backbone orientation for efficient charge transfer/transport and suppressed charge recombination in PDPP4T-1F-based PSCs led to outstanding PCEs in single and tandem-junction PSCs.

Finite element analysis of C-expanders with different vertical vectors of anchor screws

C-expanders are tissue- and bone-borne maxillary expanders that are anchored by 6 orthodontic miniscrews, 3 on each side of the palate. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of C-expanders on the circummaxillary sutures and bucco-palatal axis of teeth in 3-dimensional finite element analyses when anchor screw vectors are different. Five expansion models were studied on the basis of the vertical positions of anchor screws on the palate. Anchor screws for models A, B, and C were placed symmetrically at 4mm, 7mm, and 15mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), respectively. Anchor screws for models D and E were placed asymmetrically at 4mm and 15mm below CEJ and 7mm and 15mm below CEJ, respectively. Stress, displacement, and angular changes of the bone and teeth were measured in elastoplastic behavior models using a static-nonlinear simulation in an implicit method. Symmetrical and asymmetrical anchor screw placement with different vertical vectors were compared using finite element analyses on 5 models. Using different vectors of anchor screws for C-expanders does change the pattern of palatal expansion (null hypothesis was rejected). The current investigation presents a promising future of controlled asymmetric skeletal maxillary expansion when asymmetric maxillary architecture needs to be corrected for successful orthodontic outcomes without involving orthognathic surgeries.

Quench Analysis of 5.8 T Conduction-Cooled Superconducting Magnet

A 5.8 T conduction-cooled superconducting magnet has been developed in the Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP). The magnet has a warm bore diameter of 190 mm. It consists of four concentric closely compacted NbTi coils with an asymmetrical arrangement. A two-stage Gifford-McMahon cryocooler used to cool down the magnet from room temperature to 4.2 K. The magnet operated in the driving model with total energy 0.63 MJ and the temperature margin only 1 K at operating current 114.5 A, the maximum field up to 7.7 T. A quench protection circuit was designed to avoid damage during the quenching process. The protection circuit has adopted coil subdivision method. A 3D thermal, electromagnetic and electrical circuit coupled model was established to simulate the quenching process. The coupled model was solved by commercial finite element method (FEM) program. Using this model, the hot spot temperature of the coils, the variation of the current, and the voltage can be attained. The effect of a different number of coil subdivision on the quenching process has been studied.

Soluble gaseous pollutants transport inside ternary liquid micro-cylinders in an equilateral triangular configuration at low Reynolds number

Gaseous pollutants transport inside liquid micro-cylinders with internal circulations in an equilateral triangular configuration is simulated to study the effects of varied gap-ratio (1 ≤ G/R ≤ 4), Reynolds (Re) number (30 ≤ Re ≤ 160) and incident angle (α = 0°, 30° and 60°) on the absorption in a uniform gaseous stream. The shear stress fluctuates with spatial position on the interface due to unsteady flow separation and attachment. Furthermore, the ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ vortexes inside liquid micro-cylinders are induced, respectively, where soluble gaseous pollutants are quickly entrained and partially blocked into liquid micro-cylinders by ‘inflow’ and ‘outflow’ type circulations pair at the stern regions, respectively. For incident angles α = 0° and α = 60°, the symmetric flow forms because of the symmetric configuration of liquid micro-cylinders, while for incident angle α = 30°, the asymmetric flow appears due to asymmetric arrangement. The ‘primary’ (large clockwise) and ‘secondary’ (small counterclockwise) vortexes usually depending on Re number and G/R facilitate gaseous pollutants intrusion into liquid micro-cylinders at separation point. The sensitivity of gap-ratio is presented based on the transient accumulation (mso2′), which characterizes the exact influence of G/R. The larger gap-ratio facilitates faster saturation of sulfur dioxide inside liquid micro-cylinders because of fully developed internal vortexes. As Re number increasing, the gaseous pollutants transport could be significantly enhanced because internal vortexes become gradually stronger. In addition, the incident angle has no significant effect on pollutants transport inside liquid micro-cylinders because of slightly direct interaction between separated shear layers and wakes.

TRADITIONAL RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE OF BOYKO CONSTRUCTION SCHOOL ON THE BASIS OF AN ARCHAIC PLAN: PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION

The article identifies the main patterns of construction of Boyko residential buildings, which are based on an archaic three-part plan. It was found that Boyko's three-chamber dwellings existed in three variants, where the oldest type is considered to be one in which the dwelling cage is located in the middle, and the hayloft and pantry - on the sides of the dwelling. Based on measurements of existing buildings, analysis of literature and archival drawings, an ideal model of traditional three-chamber Boyko housing was created and it was substantiated that the idea of an archaic three-chamber house was based on the laws of the golden section. However, in practice, most houses had minor deviations from this rule, which were due to the different width of the ancillary premises and the violation of the proportions of the living space. The construction of traditional residential buildings of the Boyko construction school meets four basic rules: symmetry or the desire for symmetry in the construction of plans and facades with a possible asymmetrical arrangement of individual elements and parts of the house; staticity of the whole volume of the building; balance of the main elements of the house; variety in the use of details and decor. Despite the typical plans and ancient rules of the general compositional construction of houses, the masters sought uniqueness and artistic expression with the help of details. The location of the yards was influenced by the terrain and local natural conditions. It is revealed that the identity of architectural and natural forms is the main principle that makes it possible to harmoniously link static architectural forms with constantly changing natural. The predominance of the sloping lines of the silhouette of the house over the vertical lines provided an organic connection with the environment.

Effects of Yb3+ ion doping on lattice distortion, optical absorption and light upconversion in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped SrMoO4 ceramics

Sintered ceramic pellets of rare-earth ion doped strontium molybdate compositions Sr1-x-yErxYbyMoO4 (x = 1 mol%; y = 0–9 mol%) were prepared using solid-state reaction method. Rietveld refinement of HR-XRD data reveals a high degree of lattice distortion for y = 3 mol %, and correspondingly a maximum deviation in the O–Sr–O and Mo–O bonds. Raman spectroscopy indicates the substitution of Er3+ and Yb3+ at the SrO8 polyhedron clusters of the SrMoO4 unit cell, and infrared absorption shows changes in the molybdenum-oxygen (Mo–O) bond strength in the [MoO4]2⎻ cluster. Variations in the optical band gap are attributed to positional change of oxygen octahedra and local bond distortion in the unit cell. A selective enhancement in green up-conversion luminescence is seen at y = 3 mol %, and originates due to direct contribution from the [Yb3+⎼MoO4]2- dimer complex sensitization, and correlates with the presence of high lattice distortion. A progressive increase in lifetime of the 4S3/2 from 0.195 to 0.424 ms at y = 0.03 increase the radiative transition probability and UC emission. Luminescence quenching for Yb3+ ion content (y > 0.03) is due to the reduced asymmetrical arrangement around erbium ion and corresponding changes in the Sr–O and Mo–O bond lengths. These studies provide new insight into the quenching effect and formulate a new strategy to design ceramic compositions for better UC performance.

Simple Carrier-Based PWM for Prolonged High DC-Link Utilization for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical $n$-Phase AC Drives

Square voltage waveforms enable high dc-link utilization (DLU) in multiphase ac drives. Circulating-current filters were devised to attenuate the harmonics in no-torque low-impedance subspaces. Nonetheless, the square-wave harmonics that generate torque ripple are not reduced. Recently, it was proposed to combine circulating-current filters with a carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) method, which injects harmonics in no-torque subspaces (attenuated by the filter) of five-phase motors to achieve high DLU, without harmonics associated with torque ripple. The filter allows prolonged high-DLU operation without overheating. Compared with other PWM techniques capable of high-DLU operation (overmodulation), the one proposed for said filters is especially convenient because of its simplicity. However, it is unclear if this PWM method can be extended to machines of any phase number n and winding arrangement (symmetrical or asymmetrical); and if so, the resulting performance is also unknown. This article extends this simple carrier-based PWM strategy to n-phase drives, and evaluates its behavior in terms of DLU, distortion, and computational burden. Symmetrical and asymmetrical winding arrangements are considered. The improvement in DLU, compared with conventional PWM with zero-sequence injection, is considerable. Current distortion is negligible with a suitable filter. The simplicity over other high-DLU PWM techniques is remarkable. Experimental results are provided.

New Test Structure Development for Pattern Collapse Evaluations

Test structure development is critical for single wafer pattern collapse evaluations. A good test vehicle not only allows optimization and benchmarking of different processes, but also facilitates understanding of the underlying mechanism. For high aspect ratio silicon nanopillar arrays, by increasing the gap distance in one direction while keeping the other direction constant, an unexpected higher collapse rate is found. This preliminary finding is contradictory to the prevalent models that are based on equilibrium force balance between capillary and mechanical interactions. It is postulated that the asymmetric arrangement of pillars facilitates the formation of liquid bridge and thus more pattern collapse. Such test structures can bring useful insights to understand the dynamic mechanism of pattern collapse.

Synthesis and Diagnosis New Metallotropic LCs from Organotin (IV) Complex

Organotin (IV) complex is part of the organometallic chemistry and in recently decades have a variety of interesting and application used it. A new class of metallomesogens LC (A) Ph3Sn(VAL), (B) Bu3Sn(VAL), (C) Ph2Sn(VAL)2 and (D) Bu2Sn(VAL)2 was synthesis through the reaction of valsartan ligand with (di- or tri- butyl tin chloride salt) and (di- or tri- phenyl tin chloride salt) in methanol solvent. 1H NMR,119 Sn NMR, FTIR and CHN elemental analyses were measure and the liquid crystalline properties were study by POM. The mesophase in all organotin (IV) carboxylate complexes are thermotropic nematic phase. In complexes (A, C) the optical textures of A show a typical droplet texture and thread shape LC phase transition between (400-440⁰C) higher than mesophase textures in C between (230 -250⁰C). In complexes (B, D) the optical textures of B appearance a thread shape and the LC phase transition temperature between (200 -400⁰C) and in D thread shape and the transition temperature beginning up to 280⁰C. From a temperature of phase transition show that the complexes (C, D) are start liquid crystal mesophase in lower than complex (A, C) because effect of R-group and types which due to an asymmetric arrangement of the molecule and a geometry was calamitic in which the length of the molecule is major in compare with its diameter.

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ЛУЧЕВАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ДИСФУНКЦИЕЙ ВИСОЧНО-НИЖНЕЧЕЛЮСТНОГО СУСТАВА (ВНЧС)

Purpose. Сonducting a comprehensive analysis of clinical and radiological data in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction at the stages before and after conservative and dental types of treatment using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and methods. The present study included the results of clinical and radiological examinations at the stages before and after conservative and dental types of treatment of 36 patients (31 women and 5 men) in the age range of 18-52 years. All patients were divided into four groups depending on the clinical manifestations of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Group I (n = 11; 30.3%) - patients with pain syndrome with TMJ dysfunction; Group II (n = 14; 39.2%) - patients with manifestation of acoustic effects in TMJ dysfunction and group III (n = 5; 13.7%) - patients with degenerative changes in bone tissue. Group IV (n = 6; 16.8%) - was a control group – volunteers without clinical manifestations of TMJ dysfunction. Patients of all groups underwent radiological diagnostic methods at various stages of treatment: MSCT examination at treatment and 12 months after the initial examination; MRI - at treatment, at 6 and 12 months. Results. According to the study, it was revealed that the asymmetric arrangement of the heads of the condylar processes of the lower jaw (n = 14; 42.4%) was noted in view of the violation of the biomechanics of the act of chewing. The presence of pronounced dystrophic processes on the part of the lesion in groups I, II, III was regarded by us as changes as a result of functional overload, which was indirectly confirmed by the regression of the process after the complex treatment. The posterior position of the head of the condylar process of the lower jaw was found much more often than any other localization, especially in the destructive process of the cartilaginous component in 20 patients (60.6%). According to MSCT data, the size of the joint space before and after the treatment was modernized: in the anterior section from 1.761.8 to 3.08.51.5 mm; in the middle section from 1.181.7 to 1.862.5mm after treatment and in the back section from 0.802.5 to 3.421.3mm after treatment In the absence of violations of the integrity of the dentition and trauma in the anamnesis in 25 patients (75.7%), a predominance of the active function of the masticatory muscles on the leading side was noted. According to MRI data, the volumetric characteristics of the lateral pterygoid muscles before and after treatment ranged from 17.81.9 to 15.12.5 mm; medial pterygoid muscles from 13.351.5 to 11.211.5 mm and the masticatory muscles proper from 18.531.5 to 14.221.6 mm. A statistically significant increase in the volumetric parameters (thickness) of the masticatory muscles in 25 patients (75.7%) indicates a functional overload of the masticatory apparatus, since the volumetric characteristics of the studied muscles became comparable with the data of the control group (n=6; 16,8%) after the treatment. Changes in the parameters of the articular disc, MRI studies revealed the following changes before and after the treatment: in the anterior region from 2.32.6 to 2.72.7 mm, in the central region from P 1 - I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University). Moscow, Russia. 2 - Tver State Medical University. Tver, Russia. RUSSIAN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY | www.rejr.ru | REJR. 2021; 11 (1):88-102 DOI: 10.21569/2222-7415-2021-11-1-88-102 Страница 90 0.52,9 to 1.91.7 mm, in the posterior section from 3.22.7 to 4.32.1 mm. Bone density indicators of patients (n = 31; 100.0%) varied from +234.55.8 HU (in group III) to +565.55.9 HU (in group I) during the primary study, which made it possible to differentiate the severity of osteoporotic changes in bone tissue to correct the treatment. Conclusion. The use of highly informative methods of radiological diagnostics (MSCT, MRI) in patients with TMJ dysfunction is an integral part both at the stage of initial consultation and after treatment.

Usage of natural balance mode in automatic trajectory control of aircraft with non-standard configurations

Currently, especially with the development of unmanned aircraft, a lot of aerial vehicles are being developed, the layout of which differs from traditional ones. These include flying wing aircrafts, multi-rotor vehicles with symmetry breaking, carrying loads, especially on flexible hitch, ekranoplans and ekranolyot, winged missiles with an asymmetric arrangement of bearing and control surfaces, and others. When developing control systems, it is necessary to take into account that atypical schemes introduce effects into the flight dynamics of such aerial vehicles that complicate and even prevent the use of conventional simplifying schemes for them: dividing into control channels, dividing the control system into trajectory control and stabilizing angular motion, using linearized models.The paper proposes to ensure the coarseness of the system by refusing to solve intermediate problems and providing movement to the natural balancing modes. Moreover, in the structures under consideration, for feedbacks, precisely those measurements are used (overloads, angular velocities), which even with the simplest sensors give relatively small or relatively easily eliminated errors. Worse with measurement errors used for constraints (angles, heights). Here you will either have to narrow the boundaries or enter different settings of the control signals depending on the ratio of proximity to the borders and estimates of the measurement error, using, for example, fuzzy logic.