Astrakhan Regions Research Articles

The study of the area of distribution of west nile virus in the territory of the European part of Russia; the results of seroepidemiological research. report 1: Astrakhan region, Krasnodar region, Stavropol region, Saratov region

Sera of inhabitants of the European part of Russia, collected in 2010-2013 were studied with the use of ELISA and neutralization test. Antibodies to West Nile virus were detected in 19.6% of cases in the Astrakhan region, 4.5% - in the Krasnodar region, 0.9% - in the Saratov region and 5.4% - in the Stavropol region. The coincidence of the results of the examination of sera in ELISA-IgG and neutralization test accounted of 80.7% in the Astrakhan region, 72.2% - in the Krasnodar region and 69.2% - in the Saratov region. The presented results correlate with the incidence and duration of known epidemiological activity of West Nile fever in the territories of these regions. Analysis of our data, as well as statistics of the morbidity rate of West Nile fever in the Volgograd and Rostov regions and Dagestan confirm endemic and expanding foci of this infection in the southern regions of Russia, currently including Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov, Saratov, Krasnodar and Stavropol regions and Dagestan. The most active and stable foci are located on the territory of Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov regions.

The degree of Intensivity of Solonetzic Process Within the Virgin Soils and Soils with agrogenic transformation in Solonetzic complexes of frores-steppe and dry steppe zones

The comparative assessment of the degree of solonetzic processes was conducted for the soils of solonetzic complexes in forest steppe and dry steppe zones. We analized virgin solonetzes and solonetzes affected by the agrogenic transformation with different content of exchangeable sodium and with different hydromorphism degree from Kostanai (Kazakhstan Republic), Astrakhan, Voronezh, Volgograd, Omsk, and Novosibirsk regions. We investigated meliorated solonetzes as with completely destructed profile, and with partically preserved solonetzic layer. For that purposes we used special B- grade, suggested by N.B. Khitrov. It is shown that solonetzic process is poorly manifested in virgin automorphic soils of dry steppe zone. The physical and chemical properties which are created after melioration do not encourage the restoration of solonetzic process. The solonetzic process in meadow-steppe solonetzes of dry steppe and, especially, forest steppe zones is active at the present moment. The melioration improves the properties of these soils, but it is insufficient for the destruction of physical and chemical conditions favourable for restoration of solonetzic process. The difference in post-meliorative development of solonetzes is stipulated by the initial degree of manifestation of solonetzic process in virgin soils at the present.

Развитие системы государственных трудовых резервов в Нижнем Поволжье в послевоенные годы (1945–1952)

Two stages are revealed in the development of state labour reserves. The first period lasted from 1945 to 1948, and the second period - from 1949 to 1952. The distinctions of these two stages were determined. The author analyzes the dynamics of quantity and the structure of institutions in the system of state labour reserves in the Astrakhan, Saratov and Stalingrad regions in postwar years. The social and economical factors that had influence on this system were identified. The characters of principal patterns of SSLR's education institutions is provided, the common lines and singularities, significance changes were denoted. The share of young ones from the childish houses into the industrial, handicraft and railways schools in Low Volga River is exposed. The criteria of entering into the education institutions were determined. The interaction of SSLR with children houses was exhibited. The author highlights the status of stuff basis of SSLR in postwar years: shortage of educational buildings and student's homes, equipment's deficiency in industrial workshops and textbooks. The positive changes in staff-technical guarantee of educational institutions to the end of learning period are opening; their causes were analyzed. The author reveals the alterations in staff structure of SSLR and calculates the number of preparing workmen from factory and plant instruct schools; industrial, handicraft and railways schools for enterprises of the Lower Volga region in the fourth five-year plan. The article marks the significance of SSLR in the solution of economic and social problems in postwar society. The author distinguishes the common and the individual in the development of SSLR in the Lower Volga region and in Russia on whole.

Социальная справедливость как фактор, интегрирующий мигрантов в местное сообщество

Not only has social justice retained its relevance in the eyes of modern Russians, but it has also become one of their key personal values. The general notion of social justice creates a feeling of solidarity in the community, while also fostering an integrated multi-ethnic environment. This article is based on a study titled “The Resource of Interethnic Accord in the Consolidation of Russian Society: Common and Specific Factors of Regional Diversity”, which was carried out by the RAS Sociology Institute’s Center for International Relations Research in 2014 and 2015, in Moscow and the Moscow, Astrakhan, and Kaliningrad regions. The article reviews the opinions on social justice as a key value, as expressed by the locals and domestic migrants residing in Russian regions that are characterized by different demographics and a varying degree of involvement in modernization processes. Our analysis shows that a shared desire for social justice makes it possible to bring together the local population and the domestic migrants. All categories of the population (both the locals and the recently arrived migrants) live in the same social and cultural environment, face similar challenges, and strive to make a livelihood for themselves, their children, and their loved ones. The fact that all respondents express similar opinions of the issue means that social justice is a factor that unites all people regardless of ethnicity.

Genetic Monitoring of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in the South of the European Part of Russia

Presented are the results of gene-typing of CCHF virus detected in clinical samples from CHF patients from the Stavropol, Rostov and Astrakhan Regions in 2011. For 28 samples determined are nucleotide sequences of the fragments 115–652 (S segment) and fragments 984–1469 (M segment). Philogenetic analysis of these nucleotide sequences demonstrated that typical strains circulated in 2011 in the regions under surveillance, importation of the new genetic variants of the virus did not take place. CCHF virus variant affiliated to the subgroup “Astrakhan-2” was detected in the clinical samples for the first time and characterized for its genome S- and M-segment fragments.

Распространение и особенности генетической структуры популяции VIPERA (PELIAS) RENARDI на севере нижнего Поволжья

Genetic distinctions among the Vipera (Pelias) renardi (Christoph, 1861) populations from the territory of the Lower-Volga region (Republic Kalmykia, the Astrakhan, Penza and Saratov regions) and other regions (Ciscaucasia, Krasnodar region and Crimean Mountains, Ukraine) are considered on the basis of molecular analysis. Eight haplotypes were revealed by a fragment of the cytochrome c gene. The maximum replacement number by this gene is noted for V. (P.) renardi from the Northern Saratov Right-Volga-bank region and Crimean Mountains. Four haplotypes were revealed by a fragment of the 12S rRNA gene. The first, second, and third type of the nucleotide sequence is characteristic of V. (P.) renardi from the Crimean Mountains, Ciscaucasia, and Extreme North of the Saratov Right-Volga-bank region, respectively. A fourth haplotype was revealed in all the other V. (P.) renardi specimens. The disclosed distinctions can be caused by the peripheral position within the V. (P.) renardi habitat as well as the character of V. (P.) renardi penetration into this territory in an historical aspect.

Children's Library of the Lower Volga Region in 1920-1930th years

The Role of children's libraries and children's literature in socialization of the growing generation of 1920th in Saratov and Astrakhan regions is given in this work. Basing on the analysis of a wide range of the sources, a lot of which have been introduced into the scientific usage for the first time, the major directions of libraries work are characterized, the forms and methods of their activities, the ways of distribution of children's books and the control for fulfillment of the party decisions are described. Features of functioning controllable model of the Soviet structure such as libraries being an important part of the system, called to execute mission of political enlightenment and youth education are researched.

Prognosis of Epidemiologic Situation of West Nile Fever in the Territory of the Russian Federation for 2010

Results of retrospective epidemiologic analysis of population morbidity in different regions of the Russian Federation and epidemic situation of West Nile fever in the territory of Russia are presented. Analysis was based on the reports of Rospotrebnadzor Administrations in the subjects of the Russian Federation and general publications of research institutes which carried out investigations of West Nile fever. Epidemic manifestations of this infection are identified in the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov and Ulyanovsk regions. Circulation of West Nile virus is registered in 22 territories of Russia. The average seroprevalence of West Nile virus antibodies in population of different regions varies (1% in the West Siberia, 3% in the Rostov region and 10% in the Astrakhan, Volgograd regions and the Republic of Adygeya). The prognosis of epidemic development in near future demonstrated that spread of West Nile fever to the North territories of Russia would continue. The outbreaks of infection are possible in the territories where epidemic manifestations have not been noticed previously but virus circulation is identified in nature. The necessity of monitoring of West Nile virus in all territories of Russia is proved.

First data on the composition of atmospheric dust responsible for yellow snow in Northern European Russia in March 2008

The descent of a large quantity of dust responsible for bright colors of atmospheric precipitation in the temperate, subpolar, and polar zones of the northern hemisphere is rarely observed [1–5]. In the twentieth century and in the beginning of the twenty-first century in the northern part of European Russia, such events had not been registered right up to March 25–26, 2008. At that time in some parts of the Arkhangelsk region, Komi Republic, and Nenets Autonomous Area, atmospheric precipitation as moist snow and rain responsible for sand and saffron colors of ice crust formation on the snow surface was observed. Thus, due to detailed mineralogical, geochemical, pollen, diatom, and meteorological investigations, it was established that the main source of the yellow dust is the semidesert and steppe regions of the Northwest Kazakhstan, and the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions, Kalmykia.

Field Trial of Mobile Laboratory of Epidemiologic Survey and Indication. Communication 2. Field Trial of Mobile Laboratory of Epidemiologic Survey and Indication on the Territory of Astrakhan and Saratov Regions, Republic of Kalmykia

Presented are the field trial results of mobile laboratory in the forest-steppe, steppe and semi-desert regions in autumn and winter periods.

Genetic analysis of the M RNA segment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains involved in the recent outbreaks in Russia

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe zoonosis with a high fatality rate. In Russia, local CCHF outbreaks have occurred in the Stavropol Territory, and the Volgograd and Astrakhan Regions during 2000 and 2001. Seven strains of CCHF virus (CCHFV) were isolated from infected patients and collected ticks. Two fragments of the CCHF virus M genome segment were PCR amplified and their nucleotide sequences were determined. All these virus strains appear to be closely related (up to 5.8% nucleotide sequence differences) and form a distinct clade on the CCHFV phylogenetic tree. Within this clade, CCHFV strains from Stavropol and Astrakhan cluster together, whereas those from Volgograd form a separate subgroup.

Problems of the stable development of Astrakhan region, Russia

In the market economy, one of the most important things to consider is how to balance relations between ecology and economy. in other words, how can we save natural resources for future generation? This is an urgent issue here nowadays, in Astrakhan. Depending upon the scale of mass production, the quantity, and quality index of natural resources reflects economical and ecological relations. The Astrakhan regions share of the gross natural product of the Russian Federation is about 0.4%. 0.7% of the Russian population lives in the Astrakhan region. For the last five years the gross regional product of the Astrakhan region has been increased up to 21.5 billion rubles in 2000. Generally, this is because of the oil industry. Oil companies reaped 3488000 tons of oil and 9785 cubic meters of the national gas last year. The life style in Astrakhan has been changed dramatically because of above-mentioned activities. The level of air pollution has increased greatly. About 79.1% of the all pollution is attributed to a company named Astrakhangazprom” References l'ony6 A.A.. Crpyicoiaa B.l-i. 1998, 3KOHDMVlKa l'lpM|D0,l2lHb|X pecypcoe — M: Acneicr-npecc., 319c. O COCTOFIHVII/l SKOHOMVIKM Acrpaxai-ici Pap.eMaxi3p B. LLh‘aMepi( K. CTOMMDCTHEH oLi,eHi SKOHOFO-GKOHOMHHECKOM were Bonpocsi crarvicrviitvi, 1997, N96 — c. 3~16. Tamauieswi B.H. Bacvineacicasi )K.H. 1997, O6 Ol'lblTe FlOCTpOeHVlFl 3KOI'lOl'l/l‘-leCKlAX Cl-leTOB. — BOl'|pOCbl CTETVICTVIKM, N96. - c. 16-21. Taiviatueew-i B.H. Bacvineecicaa -KH. 1999, BHe.u,peHi4e 3i(0J'lOFW-4eCK0l'0 yi-iera s crarncrn-iecxyio npaicrviicy Pecnyfinviicvi Beflapycb. — Bonpocsi CTETMCTMKVI, N210. —c. 11-16.

The program of the Volga regional anti-cholera congress

The meeting is convened by the Samara Provincial Zemsky Administration in the city of Samara on April 20-29, 1908. Representatives of the provinces and institutions of the provinces take part in the congress: Astrakhan, Saratov, Samara, Simbirsk, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Tver, Tambov, Penza, Orenburg, Ufa, Perm, Vyatka and Ural regions.