Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire Research Articles

The Impact of a School-based, Nurse-delivered Asthma Health Education Program on Quality of Life, Knowledge, and Attitudes of Saudi Children with Asthma

ABSTRACT More than two million people have asthma in Saudi Arabia: 13% aged 6–10 years. Asthma is one of the most common childhood illnesses. Little has been explored about children’s ability to learn more about their own asthma in Saudi Arabia. The study was designed to assess the impact of a school-based, nurse-delivered asthma health education program on asthmatic children’s knowledge and attitude toward asthma, quality of life, anxiety level, and school absenteeism. A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent group, pretest–posttest design was used. The education program was developed from existing evidence. The Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Spence Anxiety Tool, Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire, and Asthma Attitude Questionnaire were employed for data collection. Intervention (n = 130) and control (n = 98) groups were drawn from 10 schools in Ha’il region, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine differences within and between groups. Knowledge of asthma increased significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group. Attitude toward asthma was not changed by the intervention. Anxiety scores reverted to pretest level by posttest II. The intervention group had significantly better total quality of life scores than the control group, and school absenteeism reduced significantly after the delivery of the program. It was concluded that the asthma education program impacted positively on students’ knowledge, quality of life, and school attendance. However, asthma education did not change attitudes toward the condition, and the impact on anxiety was not persistent. The results emphasize the benefits of the provision of health education directly to children. Asthma education should be integrated into the Saudi national child health program.

Asthma control and its association with knowledge of caregivers among children with asthma. A cross-sectional study.

Objectives:To investigate the level of asthma control among children and to investigate the association between asthma control and the knowledge of caregivers.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to July 2018 among 278 children with asthma aged 1-12 with their caregivers attending the primary health care centers in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. An asthma knowledge questionnaire was used to measure the parents’ knowledge. The Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids (TRACK) and the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) were used to evaluate asthma control among the children. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the knowledge level between the controlled and uncontrolled asthma groups.Results:Approximately 62.6% of children had uncontrolled asthma and 37.4% were controlled. The knowledge scores of the caregivers ranged from 43 to 64, with a mean score of 52.55. The mean knowledge score was higher in the controlled group (55.57) than in the uncontrolled group (50.76). There was a statistically significant difference in the knowledge scores between the participant groups (t=9.892, p<0.001).Conclusion:There is a high percentage of children with uncontrolled asthma and 3 is a high knowledge deficit among the caregivers of children with asthma. An educational program targeting the general population and the caregivers should be implemented to correct any false beliefs regarding asthma and asthma medications.

Developing and pilot testing ASTHMAXcel, a mobile app for adults with asthma

Objective: We sought to compare the impact of ASTHMAXcel, a novel, guideline-based, patient-facing mobile app to human-delivered asthma education.Methods: We conducted a focus group with asthma patients in the Bronx to identify desired mobile app features. ASTHMAXcel was designed based on patient feedback and consistent with NAEPP, BTS/SIGN, and GINA guidelines. The app was reviewed by internists, allergist/immunologists, and pulmonologists specializing in asthma treatment, asthma educators, and a behavioral scientist, and iteratively refined. The refined version of ASTHMAXcel was administered once via tablet at our outpatient Montefiore Asthma Center (MAC). Asthma knowledge was measured through the Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (AKQ) pre and post-intervention. We also recorded process outcomes including completion time and patient satisfaction. In parallel, human-delivered education was delivered once at MAC. These outcomes were similarly collected.Results: 60 patients were enrolled with 30 in the ASTHMAXcel and 30 in the human-educator group. Mean AKQ in the ASTHMAXcel group vs human-educator group pre-intervention was 9.9 vs 10.5, p = 0.27. Mean AKQ post-intervention in the ASTHMAXcel group vs human-educator group was 12.3 vs 14.4, p = 0.0002. The mean AKQ improvement for both groups were 2.4 vs 3.9, p = 0.007. Patients were highly satisfied in the ASTHMAXcel group scoring on average 27.9 out of 30 maximum points on the satisfaction survey. There was no difference in satisfaction scores or completion times (minutes) of either intervention.Conclusion: ASTHMAXcel was associated with an increase in AKQ, but the human-educator group experienced a greater improvement. ASTHMAXcel demonstrated no differences in process outcomes vs human-delivered education.

Estimating the Knowledge and Attitude of Parents about their Children?s Asthma and Evaluating the Impact of their Education Status in Baghdad/ Iraq

Background: Parents have an essential role in treating their children's asthma.Therefore, caregivers should gain large knowledge that enable them identifying the risk factor particular for each child and bypass them as a strategy for secondary prevention to controlasthma attacks.Methods:children diagnosed with asthma aged between 1-12 years who attend chest clinic in Baghdad hospitals,were included in this studyparental level of knowledge regarding asthma in childhood was assessed by application of 17-item asthma knowledge questionnaire (ANQ).During the study, the parents responded to eachitem on a Likert-type scale of 5 points with answers ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” Responses to each item were thus graded from 1 to 5 and greater weight was assigned to correct answers.Results:A total number of 260 parents have completed the questionnaire of asthma knowledge regarding their children, the age of children participants in this study ranged from 1 to 12 years with 56 (21.53%) with an age less than two years and a higher percentage was achieved by those who aged more than 3 years,with a male predominance over female by about 2.1:1. Duration of asthma since diagnosis ranged from 2 months to 11 years before beginning this study, with about half of children 126 (48.46%) present with symptoms between 1-2 years. The mean score for the first section (myths and beliefs regarding asthma) with regard to parents’ level of education showed higher knowledge score that was noted among groups with higher education, and, thus, was statistically significant (p=0.009). In the second section of the score (knowledge about asthma), the mean was greater for the groups of parents who completed their university studies (23.5 ± 3.2) and was statistically significant (p= 0.027).Conclusion: In this study there was a significant correlation between level of education of parents and score of AKQ, as the parents present with higher education can obtain knowledge easier, but despite of that most parents are highly educated but a lot of them were have misconception and lack of informationregardinguse if inhalers and factors that triggering asthma of their children which necessitate to provide more effective education programs

Astımlı Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Astım Hakkındaki Bilgi Düzeyleri

INTRODUCTION: Parents' compliance with asthma treatment is one of the main factors determining the success of treatment. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of asthma symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of mothers of asthmatic children. METHODS: A questionnaire consisting of 42 questions was used in the study. The survey was composed of questions prepared by us and adapted from a validated asthma knowledge level questionnaire named The Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ).Each correct answer was considered 2.38 points. Those with 67.7 points and above were considered sufficient. RESULTS: The mothers of 323 children with asthma were included in the study. There was no one who answered all the questions correctly among the mothers. The total mean score of the mothers was 57.8±11.9 (median: 58.5, minimum: 26.8, maximum: 87.8). The median scores of the mothers who graduated from university (median: 65.9, minimum: 36.6, maximum: 85.4) was higher than those who graduated from primary school (median: 53.7, minimum: 29.3, maximum: 87.8), middle school (median: 58.5, minimum: 29.3, maximum: 78) and high school (median: 61, minimum: 26.8, maximum: 80.5) (p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.001 and p=0.003). The median score of working mothers (median: 65.9, minimum: 34.1, maximum: 87.8) was higher than those who housewives (median: 56.1, minimum: 26.8, maximum: 87.8) (p&lt;0.001). The median scores of mothers who breastfeed for more than six months (median: 61, minimum: 29.3, maximum: 87.8) was higher compared to those who breastfeed less than six months (median: 56.1, minimum: 26.8, maximum: 85.4) (p=0.005). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Education levels of the mothers and being a working mother were significant factors affecting the level of asthma knowledge among mothers.

Using community priorities and misconceptions about asthma as a vessel for community-led education among Hispanics

Objectives In New York City, asthma prevalence is greater in Hispanics than non-Hispanics for both children (10.9% vs. 7.4%) and adults (9.0% vs. 6.3%). Disparities in asthma management among Hispanics are found to arise, in part, from a limited education about asthma. Using elements of Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR), we worked with the community to identify asthma priorities and misconceptions among Hispanics and used that information to develop a tailored asthma educational tool—the Asthma Training Modules (ATMs). Methods Over the past 3 years (2016, 2017, and 2018), we conducted educational asthma workshops to collect and analyze information to develop the ATMs and a summary of the ATMs in an Asthma Educational Card (AEC). We trained 6 Asthma-Community-Leaders using the ATMs, who assembled community members for teaching sessions using the AEC. Participants completed a pre-and-post asthma knowledge questionnaire. Results We identified asthma priorities and misconceptions themed on: culturally relevant resources for Hispanics, symptom and trigger recognition, and treatments. A total of 104 participants attended the teaching sessions led by Asthma-Community-Leaders and participants’ mean knowledge score increased from 64% pre-teaching to 85% post-teaching, (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our community-led education, which included a tailored asthma educational tool and trained Asthma-Community-Leaders, successfully improved asthma knowledge among Hispanics. Further studies are warranted to determine whether these results are reproducible among a larger cohort and what the comparative effectiveness of our intervention as compared to other education-based interventions.

A self-management education programme for adults with asthma

Introduction Globally, asthma is one of the major non-communicable diseases, with 235 million people currently suffering from the condition. In Saudi Arabia, there is a 4% prevalence of asthma among the adult population. This study aimed to develop an adult asthma patient self-management education programme that took into account the Saudi context and culture. Systematic review A systematic review was conducted to determine the most effective way of delivering asthma self-management education programmes. It was shown in the review that asthma was more prevalent in individuals with less education, and that nurses had an important role in educating patients with this disease. Following analysis of this evidence alongside the Saudi context, small-group education programmes delivered by nurses were selected as the most appropriate means of delivering education, which considered patient individual needs and cultural values to improve their health outcomes in terms of self-management. Methods An explanatory sequential complementary mixed-methods design was adopted. This design encompassed a quasi-experiment using a pre- and post-test comparative study, followed by a qualitative part using face-to-face interviews with patients. The intervention was an educational programme that included topics selected based on patients’ needs in the review and following the Saudi Initiative for Asthma (SINA) guidance.1 The programme was tested to determine whether it provide patients with the necessary knowledge and skills to self-manage their asthma and consequently reduce their visits to emergency departments. Further, the programme was approved and co-designed with nursing staff who provide care for patients with asthma in the selected hospital and following consultation with patients. The programme was delivered by nurses and other professionals who were trained to ensure the quality of delivery. Data were collected pre-, post- and at 3 and 6 months following the intervention and included topics related to asthma, Asthma Control Test, Asthma Self-Management Questionnaire, the Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire and the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) instrument. Prior to data collection, instruments were all translated to Arabic, the language of participants, and validated to assure the validity of patients’ responses. Patients in the control group were able to receive the intervention after 6 months, the last data collection point in the study. Findings Analysis of the responses between the pre- and post-tests demonstrate that patients with higher levels of knowledge had higher PAM scores. Patients’ scores in all datasets in phase 2 were higher than those in phase 1, which indicated that the education was effective and increased confidence in patients’ self-management of their asthma. Results to date suggest that the bespoke education is relevant and provides the necessary knowledge to increase confidence and patient activation towards disease self-management and reducing complications. Study progress Longer-term follow-up data and qualitative interviews will be completed in late February 2019. It is anticipated that these results will confirm that the educational programme is suited to the Saudi Arabian context, improves knowledge and increases confidence in the self-management of asthma.

Levels of knowledge about asthma of parents of asthmatic children.

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the levels of knowledge about asthma of parents of school children.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out with parents of children with medical diagnosis of asthma (mild, moderate and severe), followed up at an outpatient referral center for childhood asthma in the Southern region of Brazil (Asthma Group). Parents of children with asthma in remission and healthy children were also selected (Control Group). The Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) questionnaire was applied in both groups.ResultsA total of 154 parents of children participated in the study; in that, 62 (40.26%) in the Asthma Group, and 92 (59.74%) in the Control Group, with a mean age of 35.60±10.03 years. Of these, 132 (85.7%) were female, and 72 (46.8%) parents studied up to high school. The average score of level of knowledge was 18.06±4.11 points. Only 30.5% parents had acceptable levels of knowledge about asthma, which were more prevalent in the Asthma Group than in the Control Group (41.9% versus 22.8%, p=0.01). The mean score in Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) was higher in the Asthma Group (19.32±3.92 versus 17.21±4.03, p=0.001), respectively. The parents with mild and moderate asthmatic children scored more than those of severe asthma (19.5 and 19.9 versus 18.2 points, p=0.02).ConclusionMost parents had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge about asthma, which reinforces the need for changes in public asthma management programs.

Family caregivers' reported nonadherence to the controller medication of asthma in children in Casablanca (Morocco): Extent and associated factors

ABSTRACTObjective: Recent statistics show a relatively high prevalence of asthma among Moroccan children and a weak control over their symptoms. To our knowledge, no research has been carried out to document adherence to the controller treatment in this population. This study aims 1) to assess the extent of children's nonadherence to the controller treatment of asthma in an urban region of Morocco as reported by a family caregiver, and 2) to identify the associated factors. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among caregivers of asthmatic children (2–12 years old) in different health and education facilities of Casablanca-Settat. We administered face-to-face questionnaires incorporating validated instruments (Medication Adherence Rating Scale-Asthma (MARS-A), Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire). Univariate and multivariate log-binomial regressions evaluating the association between several factors and reported nonadherence were performed (prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)). Results: Through two public hospitals, three private medical clinics, and one private school, 103 caregivers were recruited. Low adherence to the controller treatment of asthma was reported by 48% of the caregivers (MARS-A <45). In the multivariate model, caregivers with the lowest level of knowledge about asthma were almost three times more likely to report low adherence compared to caregivers with the highest level (PR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.14–7.52). Conclusions: This study highlights the finding that low adherence is widespread in this context and also the importance of targeting caregivers' knowledge of asthma for interventions.

Knowledge on asthma, food allergies, and anaphylaxis: Assessment of elementary school teachers, parents/caregivers of asthmatic children, and university students in Uruguaiana, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

IntroductionAllergic diseases have become an increasingly common reality in the last years, extending beyond the family context. ObjectiveAssessing the level of knowledge on asthma, food allergies and anaphylaxis of asthmatic children's parents/caregivers (PC), elementary school teachers (EST) and university students (US) in Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil. Method577 individuals (PC – N=111; EST – N=177; US – N=299) took part in the study, answering the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (validated for Portuguese) and another questionnaire on Food Allergy (FA) and anaphylaxis. ResultsAlthough PC have asthmatic children, their asthma knowledge level was average, slightly above that of EST and EU. The lack of knowledge on passive smoking, use of medications and their side effects should be highlighted. US have shown to be better informed about FA and anaphylaxis. However, even though a significant proportion of respondents know the most common symptoms of FA and anaphylaxis, few named subcutaneous adrenaline as the drug of choice for treating anaphylaxis. Although a significant number of respondents know about the possibility of anaphylactic reactions happening at school or in activities outside the school, we were surprised by the absence of conditions in schools to provide emergency care to such students. ConclusionDespite the high prevalence of allergic diseases in childhood, asthmatic children's parents/caregivers, elementary school teachers and university students have inadequate levels of knowledge to monitor these patients.

Evaluation of bronchial asthma educational package on asthma self-management among school age children based on Orem’s self-care model in Zagazig city

Background: Asthma is the widespread health problem and most common chronic disease among children. Developing self-care skills related to children with asthma forms a basis for nursing care. Orem’s self-care model is one of the most comprehensive self-care theories that provide a good clinical guide for planning and implementing the principles of good self-care.The Aim of this study: was to determine the effect of asthma educational package based on Orem’s self-care model on the development of self-care activities of children with asthma.Subjects and Methods: a quasi-experimental study conducted on a purposive sample of 106 children with bronchial asthma in pediatric outpatient clinic at Zagazig University hospital. The research tools used in this study were demographic characteristics of studied children. Asthma triggers inventory, asthma knowledge questionnaire, asthma self-management questionnaire, asthma Self-Efficacy regarding self-management of asthma, medication adherence, and inhaler technique observation checklist and health instruction guidelines.Results: the results showed that after the training intervention self-efficacy, asthma management, adherence of asthmatic children to medications were significantly increased (p &gt; 000). The study findings concluded that the asthma education program improved all aspects of self-efficacy and activities of asthma management after program implementation.Conclusion: the educational program based on Orem’s self-care model successfully improves the performance of inhaler use. The study indicates that self-care activities were efficient among children with asthma after implementation of program.Recommendations: it suggested to conduct Orem’s self-care model for children with bronchial asthma and to replicate the study in many settings to support its effectiveness.

Validation of the patient-completed asthma knowledge questionnaire (PAKQ)

ABSTRACTBackground: Asthma is often suboptimally controlled, in part due to patients' disease knowledge. Understanding patients' knowledge, prior to education may help in individualizing content. However, there are no well validated or internationally relevant patient asthma knowledge questionnaires available. Objective: To translate and validate the rigorously validated Questionnaire de connaissances sur l'asthme destiné aux patients adultes (QCA-PA) based on key points related to asthma knowledge and self-management accordingly to the Global Initiative for Asthma report. Methods: Based on Vallerand's methodology, a preliminary version of the “Patient-completed Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire” (PAKQ) was back-translated and evaluated by an expert committee. A sample of 20 individuals with asthma pretested the questionnaire, after which 62 adults were recruited. Sociodemographic data were collected and the PAKQ together with a comparator questionnaire (Consumer Questionnaire (CQ)) were completed. Fourteen days after the first visit, participants returned to recomplete both questionnaires; half were randomly selected to receive a one-on-one asthma education session and again completed both questionnaires immediately after education, and at 10 days follow-up. Results: The PAKQ showed good internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.77). Moderate correlation with CQ (r = 0.596, p = 0.01) attested to its concurrent validity. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a single factor structure. A repeated measures ANOVA showed its reproducibility (n = 21:F(1) = 3.578, p = 0.07, ηp2 = 0.152) and responsiveness (n = 21:F(1) = 26.041, P < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.566). Conclusion: The PAKQ is a valid asthma knowledge questionnaire which is based on international asthma recommendations and could help healthcare professionals in individualizing educational interventions for people with asthma.

Systematic review and content analysis of asthma knowledge questionnaires: A focus on the knowledge surrounding acute exacerbation management

ABSTRACTObjectives: Asthma education is a key component of asthma management. Asthma education around the management of a person who is having an acute exacerbation of asthma (often referred to as asthma first aid (AFA) training) is important, particularly in a school setting. There is no gold standard assessment of asthma knowledge and also there is no specific tool to measure the knowledge of AFA. Our aim was to identify asthma knowledge questionnaires and perform a content analysis. We were interested in evaluating the number, the type and the format of AFA questions. Method: A literature search was performed to identify the instruments which were able to assess asthma knowledge of people with asthma and/or caregivers of people with asthma. An electronic database search was performed in EMBASE, IPA, MEDLINE and PUBMED. Articles which described the development or psychometric testing of an asthma knowledge questionnaire were included. The content of questions in each instrument was analysed and categorised using the NVivo software, and a secondary analysis was performed to identify knowledge questions relevant to the management of an acute asthma exacerbation. Results: Forty-four papers with 37 different instruments met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the instruments contained a relatively low proportion of questions related to the management of acute asthma, i.e., only 162 of the 780 questions (21%). No questionnaire had sufficient specific emphasis on acute asthma management knowledge to test the impact of AFA training. Conclusion: There is a scope to develop an up-to-date validated acute asthma management knowledge questionnaire for use in research and clinical settings.

Características psicométricas do Questionário Newcastle de conhecimento em asma (NAKQ) para pais de crianças com asma

*** Psychometric characteristics of the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) for parents of children with asthma ***AIMS: To analyze the psychometric characteristics identified by the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) in parents of children with asthma.METHODS: Parents of children with asthma were recruited in outpatient follow-up with pediatric pulmonologists. Parents of children with no asthma diagnosis were recruited from public schools in the same city. The NAKQ has 31 items, being 25 questions with answers "true" or "false", and six open questions. The minimum score for knowledge is of 0 (zero) points with a maximum score of 31 points. In addition, the questionnaire is given a cutting point ≥ 21 points to satisfactory levels (suitable) and 21 for unsatisfactory levels &lt; (inappropriate). For the analysis of precision of the instrument, we adopted three criteria: a) internal consistency through the alpha Cronbach (αC) coefficient; b) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); and b) test-retest using the Kappa coefficient. For the questionnaire validation, we analyzed the current validity criteria.RESULTS: One hundred and fifty four parents participated in this study, with 62 (40.3%) children with asthma and 92 (59.7%) without asthma, with a mean of 35.6±10.03 years and 132 (85.7%) females. High school was the most prevalent education level (n=72; 46.8%). The αC coefficient was 0.72 and 0.70, for the group of parents of asthmatics and of non-asthmatic children, respectively. The ICC was 0.703 (CI95%: 0.042-0.111) for parents of asthmatics and 0.687 (CI95%: 0.588-0.772) for parents of non-asthmatic. The degree of consistency in responses to each item on the repeated questionnaires, with application of the Kappa index, obtained acceptable values in 25 (80.65%), with eight issues (25.81%) classified as "good" and 17 (54.84%) as "very good".CONCLUSIONS: The NAKQ presented good internal consistency and repeatability indices, showing to be a precise and valid tool for measuring the level of knowledge about the disease in parents of Brazilian children with asthma.

Development and validation of an asthma first aid knowledge questionnaire.

There is no gold standard outcome assessment for asthma first-aid knowledge. We therefore aimed to develop and validate an asthma first-aid knowledge questionnaire (AFAKQ) to be used before and after educational interventions. The AFAKQ was developed based on a content analysis of existing asthma knowledge questionnaires and current asthma management guidelines. Content and face validity was performed by a review panel consisting of expert respiratory physicians, researchers and parents of school aged children. A 21 item questionnaire was then pilot tested among a sample of caregivers, health professionals and pharmacy students. Exploratory Factor analysis was performed to determine internal consistency. The initial 46 item version of the AFAKQ, was reduced to 21 items after revision by the expert panel. This was then pilot tested amongst 161 participants and further reduced to 14 items. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a parsimonious one factor solution with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.77 with the 14 item AFAKQ. The AFAKQ is a valid tool ready for application in evaluating the impact of educational interventions on asthma first-aid knowledge.

A web-based educational video to improve asthma knowledge for limited English proficiency Latino caregivers

ABSTRACTObjectives: To evaluate limited English proficiency (LEP) Latino caregiver asthma knowledge after exposure to an educational video designed for this target group. Methods: A cross-sectional, interventional study was performed. We aimed to evaluate the post-test impact on asthma knowledge from baseline after exposure to a patient-centered, evidence-based, and professionally produced Spanish asthma educational video. Participants included LEP Latino caregivers of children 2–12 years old with persistent asthma. Enrollment was performed during ED encounters or scheduled through a local community organization. Asthma knowledge was measured with a validated Spanish parental asthma knowledge questionnaire. Differences in mean scores were calculated with a paired t-test. Results: Twenty caregivers were enrolled. Participants included mothers (100%) from Puerto Rico (75%), with a high-school diploma or higher (85%), with no written asthma action plan (65%), whose child's asthma diagnosis was present for at least 3 years (80%). Mean baseline asthma knowledge scores improved 8 points from 58.4 to 66.4 after watching the educational video (95% CI 5.3–10.7; t(19) = 6.21, p < 0.01). Knowledge improvements were similar across the ED and community groups. Knowledge gains were observed in the areas of ED utilization, medication usage, and activity limitations. Conclusions: The developed educational video improved caregiver asthma knowledge for a Latino population facing communication barriers to quality asthma care. Dissemination of this educational resource to LEP caregivers has the potential to improve pediatric asthma care in the United States.

Factors associated with caregivers' knowledge about childhood asthma in Ilesa, Nigeria

Background: Children with asthma depend on their parents/caregivers for their asthma control. The level of knowledge of these caregivers has been found to affect the control of the disease. This study aims to assess the knowledge of parents/caregivers of children with asthma and to determine the factors associated with these levels of knowledge. Methods: Consecutive children aged 2–14 years with physician-diagnosed asthma and their caregivers who attend the pediatric chest clinic of the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria, during a 6 months study period were recruited. Parental/caregiver's level of knowledge about childhood asthma was assessed using a 25-item Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (AKQ) and knowledge levels were categorized into good and poor knowledge. Relevant history and examination findings were appropriately compared between those with good and poor knowledge. Results: Fifty-two caregiver–child pairs were participated in the study. The children age ranged from 2 to 13 years with mean (standard deviation [SD]) of 6.6 (3.6) years and male:female ratio of 1.7:1. Majority (88.5%) of the children had mild intermittent asthma. Mother is the caregiver in 48 (92.3%) of participants. The mean (SD) score from the AKQ was 11.2 (3.7) which ranged from 1 to 18. The scores were significantly higher in questions related to triggers of exacerbation and quality of life of asthmatics than those related to nature, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease (P 12) and good knowledge correlated positively with duration of diagnosis of asthma (P Conclusion: Caregivers' knowledge about childhood asthma in Ilesa is poor particularly as related to nature, diagnosis, and treatment. However, the presence of family history of asthma, previous asthma-related hospitalization, and high educational status in caregivers of children with asthma are significantly associated with increased knowledge about the condition. Attention should be placed on more comprehensive parental and child asthma education for successful asthma management.

Decisional conflict in asthma patients: a cross sectional study

Objective: This study aimed at determining the level of decisional conflict in asthmatic individuals facing recommendation-based decisions provided to improve asthma control. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed on a convenience sample of 50 adults aged between 18 and 65 years with a diagnosis of asthma. They completed a decisional conflict scale (possible range of 0–100%), asthma knowledge and control questionnaires (both 0% and 100%), and a general questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics. A decisional conflict was considered clinically significant with a score greater than 37.5%. Simple descriptive statistics were used to investigate associations with decisional conflict. Results: Participants were mainly women (76%) and diagnosed with mild asthma (72%). The median age (1st and 3rd quartile) was 25 years (22 and 42). The median score (1st and 3rd quartile) of decisional conflict was 33% (24 and 44). A clinically significant score (>37.5%) was obtained in 36% of subjects. A statistically significant negative correlation between the knowledge score and the decisional conflict score (rp = −0.38; p = 0.006) was observed. The level of knowledge was the only statistically independent variable associated with the decisional conflict score (p = 0.0043). Conclusions: A considerable proportion of patients with asthma have a clinically significant level of decisional conflict when facing decisions aimed at improving asthma control. Patients with poor knowledge of asthma are more at risk of clinically significant level of decisional conflict. These findings support the relevance of providing asthmatic patients with relevant information in decision aids.

Association between asthma self-management knowledge and asthma control in the elderly

BackgroundConsiderable evidence points to the importance of patient education in achieving better asthma control. However, little is known about the effect of older adults' asthma knowledge on asthma control. ObjectiveTo identify the relation between asthma self-management knowledge and short-term asthma control in older adults. MethodsThe study included 82 patients with asthma undergoing usual asthma care who were interviewed by the same trained allergist. At the same time, the authors conducted an asthma knowledge questionnaire, an Asthma Control Test, skin prick testing, spirometry, and evaluation of inhaler device technique. The Turkish version of the asthma knowledge questionnaire was administered to all participants in face-to-face interviews. The relation between asthma knowledge and asthma control was tested by regression analysis. ResultsThe education level was below the secondary level in 79% of patients; 59% of patients were obese; and 44% of patients had mild, 41% had moderate, and 5% had severe persistent asthma. The atopy rate was 21%. The most common sensitization was to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Fifty-two percent of patients had uncontrolled asthma; 22 patients showed proper use of the inhaler device. Forty patients (48%) had limited asthma knowledge. The main source of asthma knowledge was from physicians for 81% of patients. There was no significant association between patients' asthma knowledge and asthma control level (P = .991). ConclusionKnowledge of asthma was very low in elderly patients and usual asthma care was largely insufficient. These findings suggest that asthma education programs should be developed for older adults based on their education level and clinical asthma characteristics.

Validation of a Questionnaire in Spanish on Asthma Knowledge in Teachers

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) for determining asthma knowledge in teachers. MethodsDesign and sample: A cross-sectional observational study in educational centers of A Coruña providing preschool, primary school and/or compulsory secondary education. Centers were selected by random sampling, stratified by ownership and educational level (24 centers, 864 teachers). A total of 537 (62.1%) teachers responded (precision, ±4%, confidence, 95%). MeasurementsAge, sex, academic training, teaching experience, personal/family history of asthma, NAKQ. AnalysisEvaluation of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Concurrent validity was determined by comparing scores of asthmatic teachers or with asthmatic relatives with teachers with no contact with asthma. Test–retest reliability was evaluated in 2 randomly selected centers by the kappa index, Bland–Altman method and intraclass correlation coefficient. ResultsMean score on the NAKQ was 15.7±5.3 (median 17), correctly answering 50.6% of items.Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.824 (95% CI: 0.802–0.845). NAKQ score was higher in asthmatic teachers or with close asthmatic relatives (17.7±3.3) than in teachers with distant asthmatic relatives (16.1±5.4) and teachers without close contact with asthma (15.1±5.6; P<.001).In the test–retest analysis (kappa 0.33–1), there were no differences in NAKQ score between the first and second completion (mean difference, 0.3±2.3; intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.863). ConclusionsScores obtained with the Spanish version of the NAKQ in teachers of Spanish school centers are reliable and valid to measure their degree of asthma knowledge.