Course Of Asthma Research Articles

Исследование роли полиморфных вариантов генов, участвующих в метаболизме глюкокортикостероидов, в развитии и течении бронхиальной астмы у индивидов из Республики Башкортостан

Ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды (ГКС) являются одной из наиболее часто используемых групп противовоспалительных препаратов, назначаемых для лечения бронхиальной астмы (БА). Целью работы являлся мета-анализ ассоциаций полиморфных вариантов генов, участвующих в метаболизме ГКС или ассоциированных с чувствительностью к лечению ГКС по данным GWAS, с риском развития, возрастом манифестации и тяжестью течения БА у индивидов русской, татарской и башкирской этнической принадлежности. В работе использованы образцы ДНК 846 больных БА и индивидов контрольной группы в возрасте от 3 до 67 лет из Республики Башкортостан. При мета-анализе ассоциаций 10 исследованных полиморфных вариантов генов с развитием и тяжестью клинического течения БА у индивидов русской, татарской и башкирской этнической принадлежности обнаружены ассоциации аллелей rs10044254*T гена FBXL7 и rs1876828*T гена CRHR1 с риском развития БА, rs10044254*T гена FBXL7 и rs2395672*G гена CMTR1 - с манифестацией БА в детском возрасте, rs1876828*T гена CRHR1 - с тяжелым и среднетяжелым течением БА. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are one of the most commonly used groups of anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed to asthma treatment. The aim of this work has been to perform a meta-analysis of the associations of polymorphic variants of genes involved in GCS metabolism or associated with sensitivity to GCS treatment according to GWAS with asthma development, age of manifestation and severity in individuals of Russian, Tatar, and Bashkir ethnicity. DNA samples of 846 of asthma patients and controls aged 3 to 67 years from the Republic of Bashkortostan have been used in the study. A meta-analysis of the associations of 10 polymorphic variants of studied genes with asthma development and clinical course severity in individuals of Russian, Tatar, and Bashkir ethnicity has been carried out. The associations of the rs10044254*T allele of the FBXL7 gene and the rs1876828*T allele of the CRHR1 gene with risk of asthma development, the rs10044254*T allele of the FBXL7 gene and the rs2395672*G allele of the CMTR1 gene with asthma manifestation in childhood, the rs1876828*T allele of the CRHR1 gene with severe and moderate asthma have been found.

Bronchial asthma evolution in children within 3 years from the diagnosis

Introduction. The natural history of bronchial asthma (BA) in newly diagnosed children is not well understood.Objective. To determine the trends in the course of mild BA in children over 3 years from the date of initial diagnosis.Materials and methods. A prospective controlled study included 149 children (106 boys, 43 girls) aged 5 years to 5 years 11 months with mild BA diagnosed less than 1 year ago. During a 3-year follow-up, the severity of BA, the need for basic and emergency therapy were assessed. An increase in therapy and the severity of BA was regarded as progression of the disease; the spectrum and extension of sensitization to inhaled allergens were taken into account.Results and discussion. Of 149 children with persistent asthma, 103 were sensitized to one or more household allergens, most frequently to cat (36.2% in the cohort) and dust mites (30.9%). During 3 years of follow-up, the patients did not develop a stable remission of BA with the possibility of canceling basic therapy for more than 6 months in a row. In children receiving basic therapy, it is typical (up to 71% of cases) that the need for therapy remains, or the volume of therapy increases (up to 27% of cases). In children who initially did not receive basic therapy, an increase in therapy is typical (63% of cases). Disease progression was noted over 3 years of follow-up in 70 (47%) patients, most often in the group who initially did not receive basic therapy (73.5%) as well as among children with polysensitization to household allergens (88.9%).Conclusion. Dynamic observation of preschool age patients with BA shows a tendency to persistence or progression of the disease in the first 3 years from the diagnosis.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin in bronchial asthma patients of different age groups: correlation with other markers, lung function results and disease control

Objective: to investigate correlation between thymic stromal lymphopoietin and bronchial asthma course and control in patients of different age groups. Materials and methods: one hundred and four patients were included in 1-year long open prospective study. There were three age groups: children (6 –11 y.o., n=38), adolescents (14–17 y.o., n=35) and adults (25 –50 y.o., n=31). we used asthma duration ≥12 months, uncontrolled asthma and acute respiratory infection absence for ≥14 days as inclusion criteria. Clinical history, validated questionnaires, spirometry, common blood count, serum and nasal material to evaluate thymic stromal lymphopoietin were obtained during first visit. Patient were consequently examined twice with 6 months intervals. Statistical analyses included ANOVA (Kruskal-wallis test) and Pearson’s correlation (r). Differences accepted significant with р<0,05. Resuts: prevalence of main risk factors of asthma control lost (poor compliance, obesity, non-atopic phenotype, fixed airway obstruction) was different in age groups. we didn’t find any thymic stromal lymphopoietin in nasal material. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin concentration correlate significantly with duration of uncontrolled asthma in previous 12 months (r=0,74). we have found greater serum thymic stromal lymphopoietin concentration in patients who demonstrated FEV1 below normal at Visit 3. Conclusion. Serum thymic stromal lymphopoietin level can be used as risk factor of asthma future exacerbation and spirometry results decline.

Clinical Deterioration and Lung Function Change in Patients With Concomitant Asthma and Bronchiectasis

Only limited data are available regarding the effects of bronchiectasis on the clinical course of asthma. This study evaluated longitudinal clinical outcomes according to bronchiectasis status in patients with asthma. This retrospective study included patients with asthma who underwent chest computed tomography and pulmonary function tests between January 2013 and December 2019. The annual incidence of episodes of moderate-to-severe acute clinical deterioration (exacerbations) and longitudinal changes in lung function were evaluated. Of 667 patients with asthma, 251 had bronchiectasis. Patients with bronchiectasis had significantly more history of tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease, and lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity, compared with patients without bronchiectasis, although there was no difference in smoking intensity and inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Bronchiectasis was significantly associated with higher annual rates of severe and moderate-to-severe acute exacerbations; it was also associated with greater risk of acute exacerbation during follow-up. The severity and progression of bronchiectasis were independent risk factors for acute exacerbation. There were no significant differences in annual decline of lung function according to bronchiectasis status or bronchiectasis progression. In patients with asthma, the presence and progression of bronchiectasis were significantly associated with increased risk of moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation, but they were not associated with longitudinal changes in lung function.

Structure of sensitization and clinical course of asthma in school-age children sensitized to cat allergens

Background. Asthma is an actual problem of modern pediatrics, and allergy to cats is important in its development. The study was aimed to investigate the structure of sensitization and features of the clinical course of asthma in school-age children sensitized to cat allergens. Materials and methods. The results of a study of 430 children aged 6–17 years with sensitization to cat allergens were analyzed. Results. Sensitization to Fel d 1 was detected in 96.05 % of patients, Fel d 2 — in 6.74 %, Fel d 4 — in 21.63 %, Fel d 7 — in 25.81 %. Sensitization to one of the allergens of cats prevailed, among the combinations — a combination of Fel d 1 and Fel d 7. Concomitant sensitization to pollen, dogs, house dust mites, food, etc. is also shown. There is a strong correlation between sensitization to Fel d 7 cat lipocalin and Can f 1 dog lipocalin. The correlation between the presence of severe asthma and the number of cat allergens, sensitization to three or more cat allergens, to three lipocalin Fel d 4, Fel d 7, Can f 1 is shown. Conclusions. In school-age children with asthma and sensitization to cat allergens, sensitization to uteroglobin Fel d 1 dominates. Sensitization to lipocalin Fel d 7 was detected in 25.81 % of cases. There is a direct correlation between the presence of severe asthma and the number of allergens in cats. The cross-reactivity of cat lipocalin Fel d 7 and the basic canine allergen Can f 1 should be considered. The clinical significance in severe asthma sensitization to three lipocalins Fel d 4, Fel d 7, Can f 1 is shown.

Gene and environment interplay in regulating immunotoxicity of different allergens

Allergens can elicit immunotoxic effects in humans. It is often life-threatening and severe that influences the prevalence and course of allergic diseases like asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis. Genetic as well as environmental factors may contribute to allergy and related physiological responses. The pathogenesis of asthma and allergy involves the interaction of genetic markers and environmental factors. Various toxic compounds like metals, foods, even certain kinds of drugs can elicit immunotoxicity. Asthma is subjected to inflammation of the airways; of which genes and environment both are responsible in an interactive way. The innate immunity genes particularly CD 14 and Toll like receptors TLR4 and TLR 2 play an important role on susceptibility to asthma and allergy. The genes interrelated to asthma have been found through Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) studies. There are other risk factors associated with allergic diseases which require long-term, effective therapeutic approaches as a treatment regimen. The present study is an attempt to highlight the immunological reactions of certain compounds and gene-environment interplay in developing the pathological symptoms associated with asthma.

Targeted deletion of Interleukin-3 results in asthma exacerbations

SummaryThe cytokine interleukin-3 (IL-3) acts on early hematopoietic precursor cells. In humans, Treg cells secrete IL-3 and repress inflammatory cells except for basophils. The present study aims to elucidate the contribution of IL-3 in the development and the course of allergic asthma. We therefore analyzed the secretion of IL-3 in PBMCs and total blood cells in two cohorts of pre-school children with and without asthma. In a murine model of allergic asthma, we analyzed the phenotype of IL-3−/− mice compared to wild-type mice. PBMCs from asthmatic children showed increased IL-3 secretion, which directly correlated with improved lung function. IL-3−/− asthmatic mice showed increased asthmatic traits. Moreover, IL-3-deficient mice had a defect in T regulatory cells in the lung. In conclusion, IL-3 downregulation was found associated with more severe allergic asthma in pre-school children. Consistently, targeting IL-3 resulted in an induced pathophysiological response in a murine model of allergic asthma.

Clinical features of bronchial asthma in children with mental disorders

The article discusses the role of the central nervous system, including mental disorders, in bronchial asthma in children. This problem has been of interest to practicing pediatricians and researchers for a long time, but so far it has not had unambiguous solutions. The authors have a diverse approach to its assessment, leaning towards the modern concept of ‘psychopathological’ or ‘psychological’ diathesis put forward by S.Yu. Tsyrkin. On specific clinical examples, the authors clearly demonstrated the influence of mental disorders on the course of bronchial asthma in children, which, of course, must be taken into account in practical work by pediatric pulmonologists.

Clinical Significance of Melatonin in Bronchial Asthma

The article presents the analysis of 37 publications on the effect of various hormones on the pathogenesis and course of bronchial asthma (BA), in particular melatonin. Based on analyzed publications it has been concluded that melatonin in BA can level subclinical inflammation due to its multifunctional biological and pharmacological effects. Melatonin due to its chronotropic and immunomodulatory activity normalizes sleep in patients with BA. Melatonin can be considered a promising component of the pathogenetic treatment of BA.

Personalized Treatment of Asthma: The Importance of Sex and Gender Differences

An individual's sex (nominally male or female, based on biological attributes) and gender (a complex term referring to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and expressions of identity) influence the clinical course of asthma in several ways. The physiologic development of the lungs and effects of sex hormones may explain why more boys than girls have asthma, and after puberty, more women than men have asthma. Female sex hormones have an impact throughout the life span and are associated with poor asthma control. Gender may influence exposure to asthma triggers, and sex and gender can influence the prevalence of comorbidities and interactions with health care professionals. Despite widely reported sex- and gender-based differences in asthma and asthma management, these issues frequently are not considered by health care professionals. There is also inconsistency regarding the use of "sex" and "gender" in scientific discourse; research is needed to define sex- and gender-based differences better and how they might interact to influence asthma outcomes. This review outlines the impact an individual's sex and gender can have on the pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment, and management of asthma.

Predicting the course of asthma from childhood until early adulthood.

Purpose of reviewTo communicate recent insights about the natural history of childhood asthma, with a focus on prediction of persistence and remission of childhood asthma, up to early adulthood.Recent findingsLung function around the age of 8–9 years is the strongest predictor: obstructive lung function predicts asthma persistence up to early adulthood, whereas normal lung function predicts remission. The ability to predict asthma remission improves when lung function is combined with blood eosinophil levels and degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Interventions, such as inhaled corticosteroids and immunotherapy do not appear to alter the course of asthma. Epigenetic studies have revealed potential novel biomarkers of asthma remission, such as micro-RNA patterns in blood. Specifically, lower serum levels of mi-R221-5p, which is associated with lower IL-6 release and eosinophilic inflammation, predict remission. Higher levels of blood DNA-methylation of a CpG site in Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor 11 Beta were associated with asthma remission.SummaryLung function, allergic comorbidity and polysensitization in childhood predict the course of asthma. Recent epigenetic studies have provided a better understanding of underlying pathological processes in asthma remission, which may be used to improve prediction or develop novel treatments aimed at altering the course of asthma.

Особенности иммунного ответа на инфекцию Helicobacter pylori у детей с бронхиальной астмой

Актуальность. Течение бронхиальной астмы у детей нередко сопровождается заболеваниями желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), ассоциированными с Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)-инфекцией. Наличие H.рylori способствует активации и поддержанию воспалительного процесса с высвобождением цитокинов и медиаторов воспаления и последующими системными эффектами. Цель исследования: изучение особенностей продукции интерферона-γ (IFN-γ) и интерлейкина‑4, -5 и -13 (IL‑4, -5, -13) как маркеров интенсивности аллергического воспаления у детей, больных бронхиальной астмой, инфицированных H.pylori. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 120 детей в возрасте от 6 до 18 лет с бронхиальной астмой. Идентификация H.pylori проводилась дыхательным хелик-тестом (ООО «АМА», Россия). Сывороточные концентрации IFN-γ и IL‑4, -5 и -13 определялись методом иммуноферментного анализа (тест-наборы Diaklone, Франция) до и через 7 дней после окончания лечения патологии ЖКТ. Статистическую обработку проводили с помощью методов вариационной статистики, реализованных в пакете прикладных программ Statistica 6.1. Результаты. У 78 детей с бронхиальной астмой была диагностирована патология ЖКТ, в том числе у 37 человек — ассоциированная с инфекцией H.рylori. Для изучения влияния H.pylori на течение бронхиальной астмы дети были разделены на 3 группы: I группа — 37 детей с бронхиальной астмой и патологией ЖКТ, инфицированных H.pylori, II — 41 Н.pylori-негативный ребенок с бронхиальной астмой и патологией ЖКТ, III — 42 Н.pylori-негативных ребенка с бронхиальной астмой без патологии ЖКТ. Длительность заболевания бронхиальной астмой в I группе составила 7,80 ± 0,17 года, во II — 5,90 ± 0,26 года, в III группе — 3,90 ± 0,48 года (p < 0,05). Наличие Н.рylori-инфекции у детей с бронхиальной астмой сопровождалось более низкими концентрациями IFN-γ по сравнению с детьми II группы (соответственно 8,47 ± 0,14 пг/мл и 9,69 ± 0,32 пг/мл, р < 0,05). Уровень IL‑13 в сыворотке крови был достоверно выше у детей I группы по сравнению с пациентами II группы (8,74 ± 0,22 пг/мл и 7,21 ± 0,35 пг/мл соответственно, р < 0,05). Сывороточные концентрации IL‑4 и -5 были повышены во всех исследуемых группах по сравнению с группой контроля и не зависели от наличия инфекции Н.рylori. После лечения патологии пищеварительного тракта отмечалось улучшение показателей контроля над бронхиальной астмой, которое сопровождалось достоверным снижением концентраций IFN-γ и IL‑13 в I группе детей и IFN-γ и IL‑5 и -13 — во II группе. Вывод. Наличие инфекции H.рylori у детей с гастродуоденальной патологией, протекающей на фоне бронхиальной астмы, сопровождается дисбалансом иммунного ответа, который выражается в снижении выработки IFN-γ, IL‑4 и увеличением IL‑13 по сравнению с Н.рylori-негативными детьми. Лечение патологии ЖКТ сопровождается снижением IFN-γ и исследуемых цитокинов, что клинически способствует улучшению параметров контроля над бронхиальной астмой.

Створення математичної моделі харчової алергії в дітей, хворих на бронхіальну астму

На підставі клініко-імунологічного обстеження 100 дітей, хворих на бронхіальну астму, вивчено особливості її перебігу на тлі харчової алергії. Створено математичну модель харчової алергії в дітей, хворих на бронхіальну астму, для оптимізації лікувально-реабілітаційних заходів.

Виявлення замаскованої харчової алергії в дітей, хворих на бронхіальну астму, за допомогою констеляційного методу

На підставі клініко-імунологічного обстеження 100 пацієнтів, хворих на бронхіальну астму, вивчено особливості її перебігу на тлі харчової алергії. Встановлено, що найбільш значимими відмінностями цих дітей були обтяжений сімейний алергологічний анамнез, наявність патології антенатального періоду, негативний резерв киснезалежної мікробіцидності еозинофільних гранулоцитів крові. Указані характеристики дозволили сформувати діагностичну констеляційну таблицю для виявлення замаскованої харчової алергії в дітей з бронхіальною астмою для оптимізації лікувально-реабілітаційних заходів.

Alternative Ways to Improve Asthma Control in Obese Patients

Diseases of the respiratory tract occupy one of the leading places among pathologies in people of working age in the world. According to the data of world studies, it can be considered that these two comorbidities are mutually aggravating, but scientists do not have a unanimous opinion about whether this is a simple coincidence or whether these pathologies are pathogenetically related. There is considerable evidence that asthma patients do not achieve adequate asthma control worldwide. Yes, according to Maria Sandra Magnoni et al. 77.8% of patients with asthma have an uncontrolled course of asthma, although 68.4% of them believe that they have sufficient asthma control, and their treatment does not require correction. Therefore, taking into account all of the above and taking into account the low level of asthma control in patients with comorbid pathology who often suffer from bacterial and viral diseases, we believe that a more detailed study of the immunological status of these individuals is necessary in order to optimize treatment and prevention measures. Aim: to investigate the effectiveness of alternative ways of asthma control in patients with bronchial asthma against the background of overweight or obesity. Materials and methods. At the I stage, 255 patients with BA were examined. According to the study design, patients were selected according to the "inclusion/exclusion" criteria at this stage. The study was randomized. Allocation of patients into groups was carried out by the method of simple randomization with elements of stratification. Groups are statistically significant. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using parametric and non-parametric analysis methods. Resalts. Overweight or obese patients had a more severe course of bronchial asthma than patients with a normal body mass index. Overweight or obese patients were found to have higher levels of systemic inflammation, namely eosinophilic cationic protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, than patients with a normal body mass index. In addition, a close direct correlation was established between the severity of the course of bronchial asthma and indicators of eosinophil cationic protein (r=0.97; p˂0.001). After pharmacological correction, there was an increase in asthma control in patients with different severity of the course (р˂0.001; p˂0.001; p˂0.001, respectively), a decrease in the frequency of exacerbations (p˂0.05), a reduction in the number of hospitalizations (p˂0, 05) and the number of acute respiratory diseases (p˂0.05) in patients with bronchial asthma against the background of excess body weight or obesity. The use of the developed treatment-prophylactic complex using the drug bacterial lysate and inosine pranobex together with training in the Asthma School and standard treatment contributes to increasing asthma control and compliance with the doctor, reducing the number of exacerbations and hospitalizations per year in patients with bronchial asthma against the background overweight or obesity.

PECULIARITIES OF OBESITY EFFECTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATE OF PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA.

The aim: To study the effect of concomitant obesity in patients with bronchial asthma on quality of life and psychoemotional state depending on the phase of the disease. Materials and methods: 176 patients with bronchial asthma in different phases of the disease with normal weight, pre-obesity and obesity were examined. The quality of life and psycho-emotional state of the patients was determined by the «Sent George Respiratory Question» and the Spielberger-Hanin and Beck tests. Results: All studied patients, showed significant violations of the psychoemotional sphere, a decrease in quality of life compared to healthy individuals (p<0.05). The remission phase revealed a deterioration in the quality of life of patients with overweight and obesity compared to patients with normal weight (p<0.05), in the exacerbation phase - with obesity and normal body weight (p < 0.05). Exacerbation negatively affected the psycho-emotional sphere in patients with normal body weight and obesity (p<0.05). Conclusions: The quality of life was reduced in all studied patients, regardless of body mass index(p<0.05), and the exacerbation of the disease worsened it (p < 0.05), increased depressive tendencies in patients with normal body weight and obesity (p<0.05). In patients with obesity, the worst quality of life indicators were found in the remission phase (p<0.05) and more pronounced depressive tendencies in the exacerbation phase than in the pre-obesity group (p<0.05). The most important indicators determining the course of bronchial asthma are quality of life and body mass index.

Непредсказуемый сценарий течения аллергических заболеваний респираторной системы у беременных

The article presents the analysis of literature data on the pathogenesis, course and pharmacotherapy in pregnancy during respiratory allergic diseases. The article also considers the systematized ARIA recommendations (Updated 2020) on the diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis (AR) in pregnancy, differential diagnosis concerning nasal breathing disorders of atopic and non-atopic etiology during gestation, and the developed therapeutic methods for the patient management (in particular, pregnant women) with an allergic phenotype (a combination of asthma with allergic rhinitis and/or atopic dermatitis). The association between the uncontrolled course of allergic rhinitis in pregnant women and the risk of the bronchial asthma onset has been proven. Of utmost importance, for improving perinatal outcomes is the optimization of therapy and symptom control of allergic diseases during pregnancy in the interdisciplinary practice of an obstetrician-gynecologist and allergist/immunologist. AR in pregnancy should be differentiated from the most common form of nasal breathing disorders in pregnant women — vasomotor rhinitis. Severe uncontrolled vasomotor rhinitis in pregnant women, as an individual nosological form, can worsen the existing AR and bronchial asthma course. The authors present a mathod for the AR step therapy based on pharmacological characteristics and safety profile of drugs in pregnancy. KEYWORDS: allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, pregnancy, vasomotor rhinitis of pregnant women, pharmacotherapy, obstetric complications. FOR CITATION: Paschenko A.A., Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Fomina D.S., Pashchenko M.G. Uncontrolled course of respiratory allergic diseases in pregnant women. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(2):122–128 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2022-5-2-122-128.

Обеспеченность витамином D детей с бронхиальной астмой города Красноярска в различные сезоны года

Objective. To study the vitamin D availability of patients with bronchial asthma in different seasons of the year, depending on the severity, level of control over the disease, frequent ARVI, gender and age. Patients and methods. A comparative analysis of vitamin D provision in 187 patients with bronchial asthma in different seasons of the year, depending on the severity, level of control over the disease, frequent acute respiratory viral infections, gender and age, was carried out Results. Average vitamin D levels were normally recorded only in summer, and the lowest – in autumn and winter. In patients with mild asthma, vitamin D levels were significantly higher than in moderate and severe severity in all seasons of the year. With complete control of the disease, significantly higher levels of vitamin D were observed than in the absence of it also in all seasons. Vitamin D deficiency is more often registered in patients with a frequency of acute respiratory viral infections more than 6 times a year in autumn (p = 0.0410), winter (p = 0.0003) and spring (p = 0.0001); in girls in autumn (p = 0.0389), and in boys in winter and spring (p = 0.0311, p = 0.0388); in adolescents in autumn (p = 0.0289), winter (p = 0.0321) and spring (p = 0.0391). Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more often recorded in moderate and severe the course of asthma, in the absence of disease control, frequent acute respiratory infections, in adolescents, especially in seasons with low levels of insolation; in girls – in autumn, and in boys – in winter and spring. Key words: bronchial asthma, children, vitamin D, climatic seasons

Resveratrol in the treatment of asthma based on an animal model.

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found, for example, in red wine, grapes or nuts. One of the resveratrol’s health properties is a cardioprotective activity – it is believed that resveratrol is responsible for the French paradox and anticancer activity. Moreover, the effectiveness of resveratrol in the treatment of asthma is confirmed by multiple research. Resveratrol displays a multiway impact on the reduction of the symptoms of the disease which contributes to the alleviation of inflammation i.a. by: inhibition of cellular infiltration, suppression of oxidative stress, reduction in the volume of mucus, relaxation of smooth muscle, stalling of the fibrosis affecting the respiratory tract or counteracting bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Resveratrol reduces the concentration of eosinophils, pro-inflammatory interleukins and interferes with many signal transduction pathways. In case of concomitance of obesity, resveratrol alleviates the course of asthma. The review juxtaposes the mechanisms of resveratrol activity and presents the results of the published research conducted on rodents.

Спектр сенсибілізації до молекулярних компонентів алергенів собаки у пацієнтів з респіраторною алергопатологією

Abstract. The aim of study: to analyze the dependence of the severity of the course of allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or bronchial asthma (BA) in patients with hypersensitivity to dog allergens from sensitization to individual dog allergenic proteins. Research materials and methods. Blood serum obtained from the venous blood of 102 patients (37 women and 65 men) with a confirmed diagnosis of persistent AR and/or BA and hypersensitivity to dog allergens was used for the study of dog allergenic proteins. Serum was analyzed for the presence of the major dog allergen proteins Can f1 and Can f5 and the minor (cross-linking) protein Can f3 using ImmunoCAP technology (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden). Results. The vast majority of patients with a mild form of persistent AR were monosensitized to one of the main dog allergen proteins Can f1 (50 %) or Can f5 (33 %). Whereas sensitization to 2 proteins occurred in this category of patients much less frequently, as only 12 % of patients were sensitized to Can f1 and Can f5, and 5 % to Can f1 and Can f3 simultaneously. In patients with a moderate and severe form of persistent AR, the sensitization profile was dominated by hypersensitivity to several allergenic components (Can f1 and Can f5), which occurred in 40 % of the examined, and sensitization to 3 components (Can f1, Can f5 and Сan f3) of allergens dogs — in 50 % of patients. Among the examined patients with BA, the most frequent proteins in the form of mono- or co-sensitization were the main dog allergens Can f1 and Can f5. Monosensitization to the minor component of Can f3 was not detected in any patient from both groups of subjects. Conclusions. The vast majority of patients with AR and/or BA and hypersensitivity to dog allergens were sensitized to one or both of the major dog allergens Can f1 and Can f5. As a rule, sensitization to 2 or more allergenic proteins was associated with a more severe course of respiratory allergy pathology. At the same time, special attention should be paid to monosensitization to Can f5 dog urinary kallikrein, which occurred in the examined subjects, because this component is often absent in allergen extracts for skin prick tests and in allergen extracts for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), which can lead to before receiving false-negative test results and ineffective AIT.