Health Assurance Research Articles

FaceMask: A New Image Dataset for the Automated Identification of People Wearing Masks in the Wild.

The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, in early 2020, has radically changed the lives of people. In our daily routine, the use of a face (surgical) mask is necessary, especially in public places, to prevent the spread of this disease. Furthermore, in crowded indoor areas, the automated recognition of people wearing a mask is a requisite for the assurance of public health. In this direction, image processing techniques, in combination with deep learning, provide effective ways to deal with this problem. However, it is a common phenomenon that well-established datasets containing images of people wearing masks are not publicly available. To overcome this obstacle and to assist the research progress in this field, we present a publicly available annotated image database containing images of people with and without a mask on their faces, in different environments and situations. Moreover, we tested the performance of deep learning detectors in images and videos on this dataset. The training and the evaluation were performed on different versions of the YOLO network using Darknet, which is a state-of-the-art real-time object detection system. Finally, different experiments and evaluations were carried out for each version of YOLO, and the results for each detector are presented.

Evaluation of Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) Utilization in a teaching hospital of Kalaburagi City, Karnataka

Introduction : Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY is the largest health assurance scheme in the world which aims at providing ahealth cover of Rs.5 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to over 10.74 crores poor andvulnerable families. A timely assessment at various hospitals will help to evaluate the impact of this public health policy.Aim : 1. To assess the utilization of Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) insurance scheme in Basaveshwarteaching and General hospital Kalaburagi city, Karnataka.2. To assess the reasons for rejection of certain claims.Settings and design: This is an observational study conducted at Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital which is a800 bed tertiary care empaneled private hospital attached to M R medical college, Kalaburagi.Methods and material: Duration of study is 10 months (January to October -2021). Data was collected using semistructuredquestionnaire from the designated Arogya Karnataka office in the hospital. After the entry of data, thedescriptive statistics was presented in frequency tables and graph.Results: From January to October -2021, 1791 patients claimed the PM-JAY benefits. April being the highest due to secondwave of Covid-19, 327 patients claimed PM-JAY insurance. Few claims were rejected for various reasons. NCD burdenwas seen during the study. Conclusion: Creating awareness among the needy population is necessary, modification inthe hospital infrastructure claim processing also plays a key role.

Differences of The Number of Maternal References In Semarang Public Health Center Based on MEOWS Scoring System

Background: The maternal mortality rate in Semarang is 121.5 per 100,000 live births, the second-highest in Central Java. The early warning system with the Early Warning Score and the maternal emergency early warning system (PDKM) still has various shortcomings to reduce MMR.Objective: This study aims to prove the effectiveness of the application of the PDKM Modified Early Obstetric Warning System (MEOWS) as an assessment of the risk of pregnancy in primary health facilities to reduce MMR in Semarang.Methods: The study was conducted on all pregnant women who came to Tlogosari Wetan, Tlogosari Kulon, Bandarharjo, and Bangetayu public health center in Semarang and were willing to participate in the study and were referred to government hospitals using national health assurance BPJS. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling by dividing the intervention and control groups. The study used a pretest-posttest control group design method by comparing the use of the MEOWS and the Poedji Rochjati Scorecard (KSPR) to the number of public health center referrals in Semarang. The data obtained will be analyzed statistically with the bivariate test, Mann-Whitney difference test, relative risk reduction, and absolute risk reduction.Results: The results showed that 21 of 43 (48.8%) patients were referred to the control group and 26 of 36 (72.2%) patients were referred to the intervention group. Mann-Whitney test of the number of referrals after the intervention within 3 months showed significant results (p = 0.033; p <0.05). There was an increase in the number of maternal referrals at the public health center in Semarang after the implementation of the MEOWS score by 1.48 times compared to using the KSPR (RR : 1.48 ; 95% CI : 1.02 – 2.13).Conclusion:The use of the MEOWS score can increase awareness of potential referrals and is associated with complications in patients.Background: The maternal mortality rate in Semarang is 121.5 per 100,000 live births, the second-highest in Central Java. The early warning system with the Early Warning Score and the maternal emergency early warning system (PDKM) still has various shortcomings to reduce MMR.Objective: This study aims to prove the effectiveness of the application of the PDKM Modified Early Obstetric Warning System (MEOWS) as an assessment of the risk of pregnancy in primary health facilities to reduce MMR in Semarang.Methods: The study was conducted on all pregnant women who came to Tlogosari Wetan, Tlogosari Kulon, Bandarharjo, and Bangetayu public health center in Semarang and were willing to participate in the study and were referred to government hospitals using national health assurance BPJS. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling by dividing the intervention and control groups. The study used a pretest-posttest control group design method by comparing the use of the MEOWS and the Poedji Rochjati Scorecard (KSPR) to the number of public health center referrals in Semarang. The data obtained will be analyzed statistically with the bivariate test, Mann-Whitney difference test, relative risk reduction, and absolute risk reduction.Results: The results showed that 21 of 43 (48.8%) patients were referred to the control group and 26 of 36 (72.2%) patients were referred to the intervention group. Mann-Whitney test of the number of referrals after the intervention within 3 months showed significant results (p = 0.033; p <0.05). There was an increase in the number of maternal referrals at the public health center in Semarang after the implementation of the MEOWS score by 1.48 times compared to using the KSPR (RR : 1.48 ; 95% CI : 1.02 – 2.13).Conclusion: The use of the MEOWS score can increase awareness of potential referrals and is associated with complications in patients.

The Effect of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Assurance in Logistics Organization on The Retention of Employee(s) In Labuan Federal Territory: The Role of Pay Satisfaction as a Mediator

Safety culture has been described as a critical factor that setting up the importance of safety within an organization. The prevention of work-related accidents is an important measure taken by any company to assure the well-being of their employees and maintaining good working environment. Therefore, health, safety, and (work) environment (HSE) security is a relevant issue to be discussed in terms of employee retention. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of HSE security towards employee retention, with pay satisfaction will be the mediator. This study was adopting a survey research design and a sample of 200 employees of Asian Supply Base Sdn. Bhd. participated as respondents. The collection of data was analysed using Smart-PLS. The results showed that HSE security is positively affecting employee retention, and pay satisfaction have mediating effect on the relationship between HSE security and employee retention.

Recent progress on microfluidic biosensors for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria

Rapid on-site detection of pathogenic bacteria with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming an urgent need in public health assurance, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety fields. Despite being reliable and widely used, the existing methods of bacteria detection are cumbersome and time-consuming, which is not conducive to field detection. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology has provided a detective tool for various analytes, due to its miniaturization, portability and low reagent consumption. Within this progress report, advances in the bacteria detection using microfluidic biosensors were discussed. Typical methods for pathogenic bacteria capture, separation and detection were introduced respectively in the first part. Then key applications of microfluidic biosensor-based rapid bacteria detection were presented. Finally, we made a conclusion and discussed possible research prospects in aspects of microfluidic biosensors for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria.

Business entity model development in the market-driven health sector

The business entity model development in the market-driven health sector must be carried out on a condition that the poor and other need a help are guaranteed the health service access. In this case, the Social Safety Net (JPS) concept is known. In addition, a lot of experts argue, including Anthony Culyer from the University of York stating that various public services in health services are still obliged to be provided by the government that determining the fair budget distribution. The financing system for the poor must still be maintained through various mechanisms, for example by: (1) the government subsidy through the central tax mechanism, local revenue, foreign assistance; or (2) from humanity fund. In order to develop a fund source for health services that lead to the mutual cooperation principle, the capable central or regional government can enact the regulations that order the community having a health service assurance. The health assurance membership is a mandatory, because the Indonesian culture is still unfamiliar with the disease risk management. Currently, the voluntary health assurance and Community Health Care (JPKM) entity tend to experience difficulties developing widely, especially in operating the low-income segment.

Premarital genetic screening and care of Tanzanian children with sickle cell disease: a qualitative study on parents' views and experiences.

Genetic testing and counselling is one of the approaches to reduce the high birth rate of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to explore parents' views on premarital genetic screening for sickle cell trait and their experiences in the care of Tanzanian children with SCD using a face-to-face in-depth interview. The study was conducted at sickle cell clinic at tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam region between June and August 2020. The study found that most of the parents with SCD children knew about genetic testing and counselling after the diagnosis of their children's SCD status. Major approaches employed in managing SCD crises were supportive, preventive, and symptomatic. Parents expressed a heavy burden related to caretaking due to the lack of financial support and stigmatization. These affected their children's quality of care and management. In conclusion, participants expressed a preference for premarital genetic testing, where others insisted it becomes compulsory. In addition, there should be an adequate clinic for early screening, accessible therapeutic support and long-term follow up for children with SCD. Support to poor families with individual with SCD through national health assurance scheme and free provision of preventive medications such as hydroxyurea, is recommended.

Evaluation of National Health Assurance Service Quality

Patient satisfaction is the response of patients to the suitability of the level of patient expectations before and after they receive the services. One way that can be done to measure community satisfaction with government services is to use a community satisfaction survey. This study aimed to determine the quality of JKN services in Demang Sepulau Raya Central Lampung Hospital. The type of research used was quantitative. The population in this study amounted to 764 respondents. These respondents were selected from the JKN data as a whole, then selected n (data) is active, the sample of this study was 96 respondents. Based on the data analysis and research results, the IKM value of JKN service quality in Demang Sepulau Raya Central Lampung Hospital according to the requirements element was 84.11% (Very Good), procedure was 79.43% (Good), implementation time was 79.69% (Good), cost/tariff was 78.65% (Good), product specifications was 77.08% (Good), implementing competence was 84.38% (Very Good), implementing behavior was 76.56% (Good), notice services was 78.65% (Good), and for all elements was 79.83% (Good). The quality of service that needs to be improved is an indicator of service competence, implementing and socializing the concept of an effective and responsive customer complaint handling system, so patients are not reluctant to submit their complaints because they know for sure that the complaint will be followed up.

How COVID19 pandemic affect film and drama industry in China: an evidence of nonlinear empirical analysis

With its contiguous nature, paired with the people's fear and anxiety, the Covid-19 outbreak has become a lethal combination, which despite the lower death ratio, has led to unanticipated financial and economic repercussions that have eventually disturbed the life of every single human being around the globe. In this very context, enterprises that belong to the fields of entertainment, tourism, lodging, dining, hotels, and restaurants have been found to be at a higher risk, as such operations are harshly affected during such unanticipated situations. Hence, based on this notion, the present study has been conducted, in order to precisely identify the effect on China's film and drama industry's stock returns, due to the outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, based on the time-series data from China, spanning from the time period of 01-Jan-2020 to 15-Mar-2021, the quantile autoregressive distributed lag method (QARDL) method has been applied, as the preferred statistical technique for this study. The results have reported that there happens to be a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the industry across all the considered quantiles, representing the bearish, normal, and bullish market conditions. Therefore, based on these findings, the government regulations' full compliance regarding social distancing and health assurance has been recommended.

Empanelment of health care facilities under Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) in India.

India's Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) is the world's largest health assurance scheme providing health cover of 500,000 INR (about USD 6,800) per family per year. It provides financial support for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization expenses to about 500 million of India's poorest households through various insurance models with care delivered by public and private empanelled providers. This study undertook to describe the provider empanelment of PM-JAY, a key element of its functioning and determinant of its impact. We carried out secondary analysis of cross-sectional administrative program data publicly available in PM-JAY portal for 30 Indian states and 06 UTs. We analysed the state wise distribution, type and sector of empanelled hospitals and services offered through PM-JAY scheme across all the states and UTs. We found that out of the total facilities empanelled (N = 20,257) under the scheme in 2020, more than half (N = 11,367, 56%) were in the public sector, while 8,157 (40%) facilities were private for profit, and 733 (4%) were private not for profit entities. State wise distribution of hospitals showed that five states (Karnataka (N = 2,996, 14.9%), Gujarat (N = 2,672, 13.3%), Uttar Pradesh (N = 2,627, 13%), Tamil Nadu (N = 2315, 11.5%) and Rajasthan (N = 2,093 facilities, 10.4%) contributed to more than 60% of empanelled PMJAY facilities: We also observed that 40% of facilities were offering between two and five specialties while 14% of empanelled hospitals provided 21-24 specialties. A majority of the hospital empanelled under the scheme are in states with previous experience of implementing publicly funded health insurance schemes, with the exception of Uttar Pradesh. Reasons underlying these patterns of empanelment as well as the impact of empanelment on service access, utilisation, population health and financial risk protection warrant further study. While the inclusion and regulation of the private sector is a goal that may be served by empanelment, the role of public sector remains critical, particularly in underserved areas of India.

Hubungan Karakteristik Pasien dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pelayanan pada Pasien Operasi Sub Bagian Fasial Plastik dan Bedah Rekonstruksi Bagian THT-KL RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Tahun 2019

Hospitals play an important role in providing quality public services. The success of a hospital in providing services can be seen from the performance of health care provider and patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is the evaluative, emotional or affective response of the patient to the service provided by the health care provider and the expectation of the service. The satisfaction of each patient can be different depending on the expectations and reality obtained. This can be caused by several factors such as age, gender, occupation and education. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of these patient characteristics with the level of patient service satisfaction in the plastic facial and reconstructive surgery division of ENT department of Dr. M. Djamil hospital.
 This type of research is analytic research with cross sectional design. Respondents in this study were 37 people. Sampling was done using a purposive sampling method. This study used satisfaction questionnaires and medical record as an research instrument.
 The results showed that there were more subjects in the old adult age category (56.76%), female (51.35%), had a job (51.35%), had a high education (81.08%), and non PBI membership status (56,8%). The results of bivariate analysis 
 showed that there was no relationship between age, sex, education and occupation with the level of satisfaction. P values ​​obtained respectively p = 0.366, p = 0.692, p = 0.554 and p = 0.845. Whereas there are relationship between patient health assurance membership status with patient satisfaction by p values 0,033.
 Conclusion: that there is no relationship between patient characteristics with the level of service satisfaction in patients in the plastic facial and reconstructive surgery division in the ENT department of Dr. M. Djamil hospital except for health assurance membership status.
 Keywords: Education, Occupation, Health Assurance Membership Status, Satisfaction

Development of a multi-item Operational Excellence scale: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis

PurposeConsidering the relevance of operational excellence as a business strategy, organizations are striving to improve themselves by adopting best practices and universally accepted principles through the process of continuous improvement, and these principles should be embedded in the culture of an organization. Organizations pursue to align themselves by continuously improving their processes by adopting scientifically proven techniques and cultural transformation throughout the organization. However, there is a lack of scientific instruments for the assessment of operational excellence. The objective of this study is to develop a scale for the assessment of practices of operational excellence principles in the organizations. Further reliability and validity of the developed scale are measured by testing the relationship between Human Resource Practices (HRP) and Operational Excellence (OE).Design/methodology/approachThis study comprises quantitative design through exploratory and confirmatory studies and also includes qualitative analysis to develop a scale for the assessment of Operational Excellence (OE). Interviews from industry experts have been conducted to identify the major components for which organizations are striving for OE. Previous literature and excellence models, especially principles of the Shingo Operational Excellence Model (SOEM), have been reviewed and considered to finalize the scale items. Data were collected in two stages from both Telecommunication subsectors (Cellular Mobile Operators and Fixed Local Loop Operators) of Pakistan through the cross-sectional survey. In the first stage, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the sample of 611 respondents from both Cellular Mobile and Fixed Local Loop operators of Pakistan. In the second stage, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the sample of 423 respondents from the Fixed local loop operators. EFA was conducted by using SPSS version 23 to finalize the OE scale, and for confirmatory factor analysis, PLS-SEM using Smart PLS was used to confirm the reliability and validity of the OE Scale.FindingsThe results of EFA reveal that OE is a multidimensional construct with three dimensions and 23 items. The dimensions of the developed OE Scale explored in this study are cultural enablers (CE), continuous process improvement (CPI) and enterprise alignment (EA). The confirmatory factor analysis of OE confirmed the scale dimensionality, reliability and validity along with the hypothesis testing to measure the impact of antecedent variable HRP on OE.Research limitations/implicationsOrganizations pursue to improve and align their operational processes but usually unable to confirm the implementation of their desired objectives. Based on the developed OE scale, managers may assess the implementation of OE principles in their organizations. This research has been conducted in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan only, and the developed instrument needs to be further tested in other organizations.Practical implicationsThe instrument developed in this study will help both researchers and practitioners to assess the principles of operational excellence in their organizations and enable them to design the strategies for improving organizational performance.Social implicationsThe results of this study will create awareness about the principles of operational excellence. The developed OE instrument will assist in identifying the gaps in organizational norms and values from the perspective of paying respect to every individual inside and outside the organization. OE instrument will be further helpful in the identification and assurance of health, safety, protection of the environment and community issues.Originality/valueThis study provides a reliable and validated scale for the scientific area of operation management and helps managers with the assessment of operational excellence in their organizations. This newly developed scale is also valid to test and use in different studies and industries by researchers and practitioners.

Satisfaction Of Fp Accepters With Fp Services At Rice Basah Puskesmas, Pangkalan Susu Subdistrict In 2021

Satisfaction is a level of patient feeling that arises as a result of the performance of health services that he gets after the patient compares with what he expects, especially family planning services. Family planning services aim to create quality families through planning the number of families in a planned manner. This study aims to identify the satisfaction of family planning acceptors with family planning services in the area of the Beras Basah Health Center, Langkat Regency which is assessed from five aspects of the quality of health services, namely reality, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and counseling. This study uses a descriptive design with a sample of 73 people, sampling through accidental sampling technique. The study was conducted from February to April 2010. Data was collected using a questionnaire as a research instrument to measure the satisfaction of family planning acceptors with family planning services in the area of the Beras Basah Health Center, Langkat Regency. In this study, the data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of frequency and percentage distribution tables. The results showed that of the 73 respondents, there were 47% of acceptors who had a high level of satisfaction, 52% of acceptors who had a moderate level of satisfaction and 1% of acceptors who had a low level of satisfaction with family planning services in the area of the Beras Basah Health Center, Langkat Regency, especially in the aspect of responsiveness and counseling. The implications of this research in terms of the implementation of family planning services carried out by midwives need to be improved again in order to achieve a sense of satisfaction for the acceptors with the services provided.

Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults: Understanding the strategies to optimize vaccination coverage.

Although the approved COVID-19 vaccine has been shown to be safe and effective, mass vaccination in Bangladeshi people remains a challenge. As a vaccination effort, the study provided an empirical evidence on willingness to vaccinate by sociodemographic, clinical and regional differences in Bangladeshi adults. This cross-sectional analysis from a household survey of 3646 adults aged 18 years or older was conducted in 8 districts of Bangladesh, from December 12, 2020, to January 7, 2021. Multinomial regression examined the impact of socio-demographic, clinical and healthcare-releated factors on hesitancy and reluctance of vaccination for COVID-19. Of the 3646 respondents (2212 men [60.7%]; mean [sd] age, 37.4 [13.9] years), 74.6% reported their willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 when a safe and effective vaccine is available without a fee, while 8.5% were reluctant to vaccinate. With a minimum fee, 46.5% of the respondents showed intent to vaccinate. Among the respondents, 16.8% reported adequate adherence to health safety regulations, and 35.5% reported high confidence in the country's healthcare system. The COVID-19 vaccine refusal was significantly high in elderly, rural, semi-urban, and slum communities, farmers, day-laborers, homemakers, low-educated group, and those who had low confidence in the country's healthcare system. Also, the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was high in the elderly population, low-educated group, day-laborers, people with chronic diseases, and people with low confidence in the country's healthcare system. A high prevalence of vaccine refusal and hesitancy was observed in rural people and slum dwellers in Bangladesh. The rural community and slum dwellers had a low literacy level, low adherence to health safety regulations and low confidence in healthcare system. The ongoing app-based registration for vaccination increased hesitancy and reluctancy in low-educated group. For rural, semi-urban, and slum people, outreach centers for vaccination can be established to ensure the vaccine's nearby availability and limit associated travel costs. In rural areas, community health workers, valued community-leaders, and non-governmental organizations can be utilized to motivate and educate people for vaccination against COVID-19. Further, emphasis should be given to the elderly and diseased people with tailored health messages and assurance from healthcare professionals. The media may play a responsible role with the vaccine education program and eliminate the social stigma about the vaccination. Finally, vaccination should be continued without a fee and thus Bangladesh's COVID vaccination program can become a model for other low and middle-income countries.

ANALISIS KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT INAP KELAS III DI RSUD KOTA KOTAMOBAGU

Health is one of the human rights, and by the mandate of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, it has been emphasized that everyone has the right to health services. Fulfillment of patient papacy at Kotamobagu City Hospital to increase service capacity and status of Kotamobagu City Hospital which is in the Important BLUD stage, public satisfaction can be fulfilled by examining 5 dimensions in health services, namely reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy, and responsiveness. The research objective was to obtain in-depth information about the satisfaction level of class III inpatients at Kotamobagu City Hospital. A qualitative approach with a descriptive approach using in-depth interviews. conducted from October to February 2021, at the Kotamobagu City Hospital, 18 patients in the inpatient room were the study informants, the patient informants were taken as samples using an accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using content analysis techniques. The results showed that the dimensions of reliability were still there were specialist doctors who were not punctual inpatient care, dimensions of responsiveness, lack of courtesy and friendliness of officers to patients, and dimensions of physical evidence of hospital facilities and infrastructure were incomplete. Three things have not been maximized so that it affects patient satisfaction. These three things are to further improve the punctuality of specialists in examining patients, courtesy, and friendliness of officers to patients, and incomplete facilities and infrastructure.
 Keywords: Patient Satisfaction, Quality of Service, Inpatient

Relationships among Affect, Hardiness and Self-Efficacy in First Aid Provision by Airline Cabin Crew.

Cabin crews being first responders, passengers’ health assurance is also one of their main responsibilities. This study explored the association among first aid affect, work-related hardiness and self-efficacy of first aid, as well as the mediation role of work-related hardiness in airline cabin crews. Three self-reporting instruments were applied in this study: one was the first aid affect questionnaire, the second was a work-related hardiness questionnaire, the third was self-efficacy of the first aid questionnaire. Data were collected from 525 cabin crew members across five airlines in Taiwan (480 females and 45 males). The results showed that both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that three instruments had satisfactory validity and reliability. Positive significant relationships were found among cabin crews’ first aid affect, work-related hardiness and self-efficacy of first aid. Cabin crews’ commitment dimension of work-related hardiness turned out to be positively related to self-efficacy of first aid. In addition, the results of the study also revealed that cabin crews’ work commitment plays a mediating role between their first aid affect and self-efficacy of first aid. To enhance the self-efficacy of first aid, it is necessary for the airlines to strengthen cabin crews’ work commitment. Furthermore, fostering cabin crews’ first aid affect is also one an important training goal.

Quality, Health, and Safety Assurance of Fish Produce based on the Republic of Indonesia’s Governmental Decree No. 57 of 2015 on the Quality, Health, and Safety Assurance of Fish Produce and the Increase of Fish Produce Value: A Sociophere Analysis in Nor

Objective: This paper aims to describe the findings on quality, health, and safety guarantee of fish catch andthe related regulations in the Governmental Decree No. 57 of 2015. Method: This research uses the juridicalsociologic research method, with the descriptive qualitative approach, which describes the guarantee ofquality, health, and safety of fish catch based on the Governmental Decree No. 57 of 2015. Results: It isfound that there are violations in the form of an unhygienic method in processing the fish catch. In the FishAuction Center, the processing uses chemical substances which are prohibited for food. Conclusion: Thegovernment should make a policy which support the fishermen, so that they may use a safer and a healthiermethod in processing fish.

National Trends in the Public's Likelihood of Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine in Bangladesh: Understanding the Strategies to Optimize Vaccination Coverage

Background: Although the COVID-19 vaccine has been proved to be safe and effective, mass vaccination in Bangladeshi people remains a challenge even without a cost. A high percentage of reluctance to vaccine could result in poor control of the disease. We aim to identify the prevalence of vaccine acceptance in Bangladeshi adults and analyze the associated sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare-related factors on the likelihood of getting a COVID-19 vaccine.Methods: This cross-sectional analysis from a household survey of 3646 adults aged 18 years or older was conducted in 8 districts of Bangladesh, from December 12, 2020, to January 7, 2021. Multinomial regression examined the impact of socio-demographic, clinical and healthcare-releated factors on uncertainty and reluctance to be vaccinated for COVID-19.Findings: Of the 3646 respondents (2212 men [60.7%]; mean [sd] age, 37.4 [13.9] years), 74.6% reported their willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 when a safe and effective vaccine is available without a cost, while 8.5% were reluctant to vaccinate. The prevalence of vaccine acceptance will decline to 46.5% if the government introduces a minimum vaccine fee. Moreover, 612 (16.8%) of the 3643 respondents reported adequate adherence to health safety regulations for COVID-19, and 1294 (35.5%) of the respondents reported high confidence in the country's healthcare system. However, the COVID-19 vaccine refusal was significantly increased in elderly, rural, semi-urban, and slum communities, farmers, day laborers, homemakers, low-educated populations, and those who had low confidence in the country's healthcare system. Moreover, the prevalence of vaccine uncertainty is high in the elderly population, low-educated group, day-laborers, presence of chronic diseases, and people with low confidence in the country's healthcare system.Interpretation: A high prevalence of vaccine refusal and uncertainty is observed in rural people and slum dwellers in Bangladesh. This community of people also has a low literacy level, and we found a decreasing trend of prevalence in vaccine acceptance with decreasing education level. It is expected that an app-based registration system would not be appropriate for low-educated groups, and a feasible alternative strategy such as local spot-registration could be devised. Furthermore, for rural, semi-urban, and slum people, outreach centers for vaccination can be established to ensure the vaccine's nearby availability and limit associated travel costs. In rural areas, community health workers, valued community-leaders, and non-governmental organizations can be utilized to motivate and educate people for vaccination against COVID-19. Further, emphasis should be given to the elderly and diseased people with tailored health messages and assurance from healthcare professionals. The media may play a responsible role with the vaccine education program and eliminate the social stigma about the vaccination. Finally, free vaccination should be continued until the end of the vaccination program. Thus Bangladesh's Covid vaccination program can become a model for other low and middle-income countries.Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: All other authors declare no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: The Institutional Review Board approved the study at North South University, Bangladesh (2020/OR-NSU/IRB/1003).

Evaluation of Feasibility and User Acceptance of Lateral-Flow Self Testing for Viral Illness in a Correctional Center Rehabilitation Facility

Background: The role of rapid testing has proven vital in reducing infection incidence in communities through swift identification and isolation of infected individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly catastrophic for residential carceral and rehabilitation facilities that are high-risk settings for transmission of contagious diseases. Centralized provider-based viral testing employing conventional diagnostic techniques is labor-intensive and time consuming. There is a marked unmet need for quick, inexpensive, and simple viral testing strategies. We hypothesized that rehabilitation residents could successfully test themselves employing inexpensive, disposable, antigen-based lateral-flow tests and would be willing to self-isolate and self-report to health authorities if positive.Methods: We evaluated self-testing among 50 rehabilitation residents ages 18 and older in Pomona, California, where participants self-administered an influenza lateral-flow diagnostic test (without specimen collection) with the goal of appropriately observing a control line and completed two brief written surveys, one before self-administering the lateral-flow test and one after, to determine the overall feasibility of viral self-testing and to characterize attitudes comparing self-testing and provider-based testing.Findings: A total of 50 rehabilitation residents were enrolled in this study and all 50 conducted a lateral-flow test and answered the provided surveys. Among the participants, 96% (48 of 50) achieved a positive-control line from their lateral-flow test. Most participants, 83% (34 of 41) indicated that they would prefer to perform their own rapid test instead of having a health care provider administer the test. Notably, 98% (49 of 50) indicated that they would self-isolate if the lateral-flow test returned a positive indicator suggesting the presence of a viral infection and 96% (48 of 50) would report positive results to their corresponding public health department.Interpretation: Residents in a residential rehabilitation center were widely able to successfully self-administer standard lateral-flow antigen-based rapid diagnostic kits. Self-testing was strongly preferred over tests administered by a healthcare provider. Reassuringly, almost every resident indicated that they would report any positive test result to the health department and self-isolate accordingly. Self-testing offers a promising adjunct to centralized testing, potentially better enabling swift and effective management of life-threatening infectious outbreaks among those living in high-risk congregate living settings.Funding: This study was funded by a grant awarded to Benjamin Sievers from the Pitzer College Racial Justice Initiative.Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: This study was approved by both the Institutional Review Board at Pitzer College and HealthRIGHT 360’s IRB committee, project number: 2020-32R1. Pitzer College’s institutional review board’s review was carried out in accordance with the requirements of Part 46, “Protection of Human Subjects” of Title 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations and the “US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Federal-Wide Assurance (FWA) for the Protection of Human Subjects for Domestic (US) Institutions,” Pitzer College Assurance #FWA00001138.

Studi Literatur : Faktor Penyebab Ketidakpuasan Pasien di Pelayanan Pendaftaran Rawat Jalan RSU Haji Surabaya 2020

Patient satisfaction is the result of the patient's assessment of the service received based on truth and reality that is then compared to his expectations. The results of observations made by researchers at Surabaya Haji Hospital based on medical record data on the number of outpatients visiting Surabaya Haji Hospital in January to March 2020 there is a decrease in the number of outpatient visits each month. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of patient satisfaction in the outpatient registration at RSU Haji Surabaya. This study uses a literature review method of 10 journals using measurement techniques of 5 dimensions of health service quality, namely tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The results of the literature review indicate that the satisfaction of the quality dimension is considered the most satisfied is the dimension of assurance and reliability, while the highest dimension of dissatisfaction is the dimension of tangibles and empathy.