Association Of Erythrocyte Research Articles

Associations of erythrocyte omega‐3 fatty acids with cognition, brain imaging and biomarkers in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

AbstractBackgroundThe association between ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition, brain imaging and biomarkers is still not fully established. We aimed to analyze the cross‐sectional and retrospective longitudinal associations between erythrocyte ω‐3 index and cognition, brain imaging and biomarkers among older adults.Method832 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 3, mean (SD) age 74.0 (7.9) years, 50.8% female, 55.9% cognitively normal, 32.7% with mild cognitive impairment and 11.4% with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were included. Low ω‐3 index (% eicosapentaenoic acid EPA + % docosahexaenoic acid DHA) was defined as the lowest quartile (≤3.70%). Cognitive tests (composite score; AD Assessment Scale cognitive (ADAS‐Cog) subscale; Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS); Trail Making Test A and B; Category fluency; Mini Mental State Examination; Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Clinical Dementia Rating) and brain variables (hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), PET amyloid‐β and Tau) were considered as outcomes in regression models.ResultLow ω‐3 index was not associated with cognition, hippocampal and WMH volume, brain Aβ and Tau after adjustment for age, education, ApoE ε4, cardiovascular disease, BMI and total intracranial volume in the cross‐sectional analysis. In the retrospective analysis, low ω‐3 index was associated with greater Aβ accumulation over time. The composite cognitive score did not differ between groups; however, low ω‐3 index was associated with greater cognitive decline on the WMS‐Delayed recall but unexpectedly lower cognitive decline on the total ADAS‐Cog. Low ω‐3 index was cross‐sectionally associated with lower performance on WMS tests and higher Tau accumulation among ApoE ε4 carriers.ConclusionLongitudinally, low ω‐3 index was associated with greater Aβ accumulation over time and cognitive decline on the WMS but unexpectedly with lower cognitive decline on the total ADAS‐Cog. Low ω‐3 index was associated with lower cognition on the WMS and higher Tau accumulation among ApoE ε4 carriers in the cross‐sectional analysis.

Erythrocyte \u03c9-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are inversely associated with the risk of oral cancer: a case-control study

ObjectivesEvidence about ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and oral cancer risk were limited. We aimed to evaluate the association of erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs with the risk of oral cancer in a population from China.MethodsErythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs of 236 oral cancer patients and 300 controls were determined by gas chromatography. Restricted cubic spline and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs and oral cancer risk. The crude and adjusted OR with 95% CI was calculated. Stratification analysis was performed to explore the potential interaction between ω-3 PUFAs and other traditional risk factors such as smoking and drinking.ResultsEicosapentaenoic acids (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and ω-3 index were negatively but non-linearly related to risk of oral cancer as observed by restricted cubic spline. The adjusted OR of EPA, DHA, and ω-3 index were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.35–0.76), 0.19 (95% CI: 0.08–0.44), 0.20 (95% CI: 0.09–0.44), respectively. Stratification analysis showed that the adverse correlation between EPA and oral cancer was only significant in the non-smoking group, while the adverse correlation of ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, and DHA were only significant in the non-drinking group. General multiplicative interactions were observed between ω-3 PUFAs and smoking or drinking.ConclusionsAdverse but non-linear associations were observed between erythrocyte EPA, DHA, ω-3 index, and oral cancer risk. Additionally, there were multiplicative interactions between ω-3 PUFAs and other behavior factors such as smoking and drinking. The protective effect of ω-3 PUFAs maybe more significant in the non-smoking or non-drinking population.

Higher erythrocyte n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid were associated with a better profile of DXA-derived body fat and fat distribution in adults.

Previous studies have reported that high-dose supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may reduce the risk of metabolic diseases, but there is limited evidence of an effect on body fat. We examined the associations of erythrocyte n-3 PUFAs with body fat and fat distribution in a general population consuming a normal diet. This community-based cross-sectional study included 3075 Chinese (68% women, 40-75 years) recruited between 2008 and 2013. We collected general information and measured anthropometric indices; erythrocyte n-3 PUFAs (including α-C18:3, C20:5, C22:5 and C22:6) by gas-chromatography, and fat mass (FM) and %FM at the total body (TB), android (A) and gynoid (G) regions by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Both minimally and maximally adjusted models showed dose-dependent inverse associations of total and individual levels of erythrocyte n-3 PUFAs (except C20:5 n-3[EPA]) with adiposity indices. In the full model, the mean differences between quartiles 4 and 1 of total n-3 PUFAs were -1.60% (BMI), -4.06% (TB FM), -5.38% (A FM), -2.05% (G FM), -2.05% (TB %FM), -3.39% (A %FM) and -2.50% (% A/G); the ORs (95% CI) of %FM-derived obesity (≥25% for men, ≥35% for women) for the highest (vs. lowest) quartile were 0.70 (0.57, 0.86) for total n-3 PUFAs and 0.71 (0.58, 0.87), 0.96(0.78, 1.18), 0.82(0.67, 1.00), 0.66 (0.54, 0.81) for α-C18:3/C20:5/C22:5/C22:6 n-3, respectively. The favourable associations were more pronounced for the DXA-derived FM indices, measurements at the android region and for C22:6 n-3. No significant associations between C20:5 n-3 and the adiposity indices were observed. Higher levels of circulating n-3 PUFAs were dose-dependently associated with better profiles of body fat and fat distribution, particularly in the abdominal regions in this population.

Association of erythrocyte n-3 fatty acids with DXA-body fat and cardio-metabolic indices in middle-aged and elderly adults: a prospective study

AbstractIntroductionMany clinical trials showed favorable effects of high-doses supplemental n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardio-metabolic risk factors. However, limited studies examined the prospective associations of circulating n-3 PUFA with body fat and its distribution, metabolic syndrome (MS), carotid atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in subjects with habitual diets containing low levels of n-3 PUFA.Materials and MethodsThis community-based prospective study enrolled 4048 participants (40–75 years) at baseline (2008–2010, 2013) from Guangzhou, China. They were followed-up approximately once every 3 years. Fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes were measured at baseline. We determined metabolic syndrome factors, body fat by DXA scanning, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and NAFLD by ultrasound at the visits. General information, anthropometric indices, habitual dietary intake and other covariates were assessed at each visit.ResultsAmong the total 4048 subjects, 3075 and 2671 subjects had erythrocyte n-3 PUFA data and completed the first and second follow-ups. Generally, erythrocyte n-3 PUFA were favorably associated with body fat (particularly at abdomen) and its changes, and with the presence and incidence of MS, type 2 diabetes, carotid IMT thickening. The participants with the highest (vs lowest) quartile of n-3 PUFA were associated with -5.81% fat mass (p < 0.001) and -2.11% of fat mass change at the abdomen (Android) area. The adjusted hazards ratios (95% CI) for the highest (vs. lowest) group were 0.74 (0.61, 0.89) (total n-3 PUFA), 0.71 (0.59, 0.86) (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 0.78 (0.65, 0.95) (docosapentaenoic acid, DPA), 1.96 (1.60, 2.40) (gamma-linolenic acid, GLA) for MS; 0.70(0.55, 0.90) (total n-3 PUFA), 0.67(0.52,0.87) (DHA) and 0.73(0.57,0.93) (DPA) for bifurcation IMT thickening, 0.57(0.38, 0.86) (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and 0.63 (0.41, 0.95) (DPA) for type 2 diabetes, and 1.18 (1.09, 1.33) (DHA) for alleviated NAFLD. Both higher levels of total and individual marine n-3 PUFAs (DHA, EPA and DPA) were associated with lower blood pressure at baseline and lower changes in diastolic and systolic blood pressure over the follow-up period. Plant n-3 PUFA (α-linolenic acid, ALA) largely had less significant association with the above-mentioned indices as compared with marine n-3 PUFAs.DiscussionHigher proportions of erythrocyte n-3 PUFA (particularly marine sources) was associated with lower body fat, blood pressure and their changes, and lower risks of MS, type 2 diabetes and bifurcation IMT thickening, but higher chance of alleviated NAFLD in middle-aged and older adults.

Abstract 2786: Associations of erythrocyte ω-3 fatty acids with breast tissue ω-3 and inflammation

Abstract Large, prospective studies have shown that chronic inflammation is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [(LCω-3PUFA); including eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5ω3), docosapentaenoic (DPA; 22:5ω3), and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA; 22:6ω3)], derived from intakes of fatty fish and fish oil supplements, have anti-inflammatory properties. Epidemiologic studies of circulating LCω-3PUFA are suggestive of an inverse association with breast cancer. However, it is not known what, if any, relationship there is between LCω-3PUFA in blood and in breast tissues. Further, no study has examined the association between circulating LCω-3PUFA and inflammatory markers within breast tissue. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in blood and breast tissues from 132 cancer-free women undergoing elective reduction mammoplasty. Women, ages ≥18 years (17 with parental permission) with no prior history of cancer, were recruited between 1997 and 2009 and completed a comprehensive questionnaire. Surgically removed breast tissues, erythrocytes and heparinized plasma samples were collected. Fatty acid analysis of erythrocyte membrane and breast tissue EPA, DPA, DHA, and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3ω3), a short-chain ω-3 PUFA that does not hold anti-inflammatory properties, were performed using gas chromatography. Breast tissue C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukins (IL) -6 and -8 were measured using ELISA assays. T-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate differences in mean total LCω-3PUFA (defined here as the sum of EPA, DPA and DHA) and CRP concentrations by participant characteristics. Multiple-regression models were fitted to examine the associations of circulating ω-3 with breast tissue ω-3 and inflammation. Erythrocyte ω-3 concentrations were positively associated with the same fatty acids in breast tissue. The strongest association was for DHA; women in the highest quartile of erythrocyte DHA had 39% higher tissue DHA compared to those in the lowest quartile (Ratio 1.39, 95% CI: 1.08-1.79; P-trend<0.01). Increasing concentrations of erythrocyte LCω-3PUFA, particularly DHA, were inversely associated with breast CRP. Women in the upper 50th percentile of DHA had statistically significantly reduced breast CRP (Ratio 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37-0.99). There were no clear associations between any ω-3 PUFA and IL-6 or IL-8. To our knowledge, this is the first observational study examine the association between circulating and breast tissue ω-3, and the first study to examine associations between circulating ω-3 and breast tissue inflammation. Our findings provide evidence of the biological mechanisms linking ω-3 intake, inflammation, and breast cancer susceptibility. Citation Format: Shuvro Roy. Associations of erythrocyte ω-3 fatty acids with breast tissue ω-3 and inflammation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2786. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2786

Associations of erythrocyte ω-3 fatty acids with biomarkers of ω-3 fatty acids and inflammation in breast tissue.

There is increasing evidence that chronic inflammation is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3PUFA) may reduce circulating biomarkers of inflammation; however associations of blood LCω-3PUFA with breast tissue LCω-3PUFA and breast tissue biomarkers of inflammation are not well understood. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of breast tissue and blood samples from n = 85 women with no history of breast cancer, who underwent breast reduction surgery. Fatty acids of erythrocytes and undissected breast tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography; C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in plasma and tissue were measured by ELISA. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to estimate associations between erythrocyte LCω-3PUFA and breast tissue biomarkers. Women in the highest erythrocyte LCω-3PUFA tertile had LCω-3PUFA concentrations in the breast 73% (95% CI: 31-128%; p trend < 0.0001) higher than women in the lowest tertile. Associations for each individual LCω-3PUFA were similar in magnitude. No significant association was found for the shorter ω-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid. Although compatible with no association, women in the highest tertile of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid had a nonsignificant 32% (95% CI: -23 to 62%) reduced breast tissue CRP. No correlation was observed between erythrocyte ω-3 PUFA and tissue IL-6 or IL-8 concentrations. Our findings provide evidence that erythrocyte ω-3 fatty acids are valid measures of breast tissue concentrations, and limited evidence that inverse associations from prospective epidemiologic studies of blood LCω-3PUFA and breast cancer risk may be partly explained by reductions in breast tissue inflammation; however, these findings require replication.

Relation of erythrocyte and iron indices to oral cancer growth

Background and purpose: Anaemia is known to influence prognosis of head and neck cancer patients, but how anaemia and tumour growth influences each other is not clear. The present study investigates the relation of erythrocyte and iron indices of oral cancer patients to primary tumour size (Tsize), invasiveness and lymph node involvement. Materials and methods: The haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Serum iron (SFe), transferrin iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (%Fe) were evaluated in 217 untreated patients with epidermoid cancer of the bucco-gingivo-palatine area. The association of erythrocyte and iron indices with sex, tumour size groups, invasion of adjacent structures and lymph node involvement, as well as the relation of SFe to Hb were analyzed. Results: Most of the patients were anaemic in terms of Hb (63%), RBC (43%) and PCV (48.4%) but almost all had normal or higher MCH (97.3%) and MCV (93.3%) though MCHC was less than normal in 70.7%. Normal or higher SFe was seen in nearly 70% and TIBC in 45% of patients. Hb, RBC and PCV were significantly lower in women, but there was no difference between men and women in the case of MCV, MCH and MCHC. Primary tumour size showed negative association with Hb, RBC and PCV but positive association with MCH (<2 cm: 29.7 pg; 2–4 cm: 31.4 pg; >4 cm: 31. 7 pg; P=0.04) and MCHC (<2 cm: 29.9; 2–4 cm: 31.5; >4 cm: 32.1; P=0.006). MCV, SFe, TIBC and %Fe did not show any relation to primary tumour size. None of the indices had any relation to invasion of adjacent structures or lymph node involvement. MCH, MCHC and MCV were not different in men and women but women had significantly lower Hb, RBC and PCV. The SFe showed poor correlation with Hb. Conclusions: The negative association of Hb, RBC and PCV with tumour size is most likely due to chronic RBC destruction, probably tumour induced, with the products of haemolysis such as polyamines, glutathione, iron, etc., promoting tumour growth, and the positive association with MCH and MCHC reflects compensatory regeneration attempts by bone marrow. Lack of relation between the iron indices and tumour parameters and the poor correlation between SFe and Hb is probably due to utilization of iron by both bone marrow and tumours. Lack of difference in MCH and MCHC between men and women obviates the need of using separate cut-off values for the two sexes, unlike Hb, RBC and PCV. The study suggests that anaemia in oral cancer patients represents a tumour–host interaction and that evaluation of all erythrocyte indices should be part of research on cancer related anaemia.