Association Of Thyroid Dysfunction Research Articles

Association of thyroid dysfunction in individuals ≥ 65 years of age with subclinical cardiac abnormalities.

The relationship between thyroid dysfunction and measures of myocardial disease in older individuals remains to be defined. To evaluate the impact of thyroid dysfunction on structure and function of the left-heart chambers and blood markers of cardiac disease. Cross-sectional analysis. The Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based cohort of older individuals recruited from four urban areas in the United States. Of 3163 participants studied, 2477 were euthyroid, 465 had subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), 47 overt hypothyroidism (OH), 45 endogenous (endo) subclinical hyperthyroidism (endo-SCT), and 129 had exogenous (exo) SCT due to thyroid hormone supplementation. Clinical evaluation, blood sampling and biomarker measurement, 2-dimensional and speckle-tracking echocardiography. Left heart myocardial deformation, circulating biomarkers of diastolic overload (NT-proBNP), fibrosis (sST2, gal-3), and cardiomyocyte injury (hs-cTnT). SCH was associated with higher NT-proBNP (beta = 0.17, p = 0.004), whereas OH was associated with higher hs-cTnT (beta = 0.29, p = 0.005). There were also suggestive associations of SCH with higher sST2, as well as endo-SCT with higher gal-3 and lower (worse) left atrial reservoir strain. Left ventricular longitudinal strain and end-diastolic strain rate did not differ significantly from euthyroid participants in SCH, OH, or exo-SCT. In this free-living elderly cohort, subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were associated with abnormalities of blood biomarkers consistent with diastolic overload and myocardial necrosis respectively, whereas subclinical hyperthyroidism tended to be associated with myocardial fibrosis and decreased left atrial strain. Our findings could represent stage B heart failure and illuminate distinct aspects of the pathobiology of heart disease related to thyroid gland dysfunction with potential clinical implications.

Association of Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoantibody Abnormality with Vitiligo in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Association of Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoantibody Abnormality with Vitiligo in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Thyroid Disorders and Movement Disorders-A Systematic Review.

There is overlap between movement disorders and neuroendocrine abnormalities. To provide a systematic review on the association of thyroid dysfunction and movement disorders. Thyroid physiological function and classical thyroid disorders highlighting typical and atypical manifestations including movement disorders, as well as diagnostic procedures, and treatments are discussed. Hypothyroidism may be associated with hypokinetic and hyperkinetic disorders. There is debate whether their concomitance reflects a causal link, is coincidence, or the result of one unmasking the other. Hypothyroidism-associated parkinsonism may resemble idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Hypothyroidism-associated hyperkinetic disorders mainly occur in the context of steroid-responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis, that is, Hashimoto disease, mostly manifesting with tremor, myoclonus, and ataxia present in 28-80%, 42-65% and 33-65% in larger series. Congenital hypothyroidism manifesting with movement disorders, mostly chorea and dystonia, due to Mendelian genetic disease are rare.Hyperthyroidism on the other hand mostly manifests with hyperkinetic movement disorders, typically tremor (present in three quarters of patients). Chorea (present in about 2% of hyperthyroid patients), dystonia, myoclonus, ataxia and paroxysmal movement disorders, as well as parkinsonism have also been reported, with correlation between movement intensity and thyroid hormone levels.On a group level, studies on the role of thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor for the development of PD remain non-conclusive. In view of the treatability of movement disorders associated with thyroid disease, accurate diagnosis is important. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood. More detailed case documentation and systematic studies, along with experimental studies are needed.

Association of thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on thyroid function and the role of thyroid hormones alterations in predicting the severity of COVID-19. Online databases, including Scopus, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched up to August 2, 2022. After screening titles, abstracts, and full manuscripts, respectively, 30 reports were enrolled. The risk of bias (ROB) was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. In addition, odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) analysis for assessing the OR of abnormal thyroid function tests (TFT) in predicting the COVID-19 severity and poor outcomes. Among 30 enrolled studies, ROB of the current study is estimated low to moderate. The average number of patients in each study was 325 (range: 40-3,703), with an overall mean age of 57.6, and the female proportion of 40.4%. Overall, the pooled analysis showed that the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among 9,707 COVID-19 cases was 15%. Among mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, 6.2% had abnormal TFT, and among patients who experienced severe to critical COVID-19, 20.8% had abnormal TFT. The pooled OR for abnormal TFT and the severity of COVID-19 obtained from 3,865 COVID-19 patients was 3.77 (2.03, 6.99). The pooled HR of TSH level of COVID-19 mortality was 1.57 (0.91, 2.72). Our results demonstrate a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19, and that among patients severe cases had a 3.77-fold higher risk of abnormal TFT compared to mild to moderate COVID-19. Further studies are required to evaluate the longer-term prognostic role of thyroid dysfunction in severe COVID-19, and investigate potential therapeutic strategies.

Association of thyroid dysfunction and autoantibody positivity with the risk of preterm birth: a hospital-based cohort study.

BackgroundEvidence for the association of thyroid dysfunction and autoantibody positivity with preterm birth remains controversial. We aimed to study the association of maternal thyroid dysfunction and autoantibody positivity with the risk of preterm birth.MethodA hospital-based cohort study of 40,214 women was conducted. Gestational age-specific percentiles of the FT4 and TSH concentrations were used for the definition of thyroid dysfunction. Autoantibody positivity was identified when the concentration > the threshold. The association of thyroid dysfunction and autoantibody positivity with the risk of preterm birth was estimated.ResultsNo significant higher risk of preterm birth was found for women with variants of thyroid dysfunction or autoantibody positive than euthyroid women. Sensitivity and stratification analyses indicated that thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity in the first trimester (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.90) and overt hypothyroidism restricted to women negative for TPOAb (OR, 4.94; 95%CI: 1.64–14.84) was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Modification effects of gestational age were found for women who had the test ≤18 and > 18 weeks. Continuous FT4 measurements tested ≤18 weeks of gestation were associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (OR, 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00–1.28), while a negative relationship for FT4 concentrations tested > 18 weeks of gestation (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.97).ConclusionsSome specific thyroid function abnormalities were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Interaction between gestational age and FT4 concentration on the risk of preterm birth was identified, with a critical node of 18 weeks of gestation.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04806-9.

Association of thyroid dysfunction and anemia in pregnancy

Background: Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is clinically important as insufficient thyroxine is associated with an increased risk of premature birth, low birth weight and miscarriage. This prospective, cross sectional study, single-center study was carried out to identify the thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy in Indian antenatal mothers. Methods: This prospective, cross sectional study, single-center study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indian Institute of Medical Science & Research, Warudi, Badnapur, Jalna, India. The study period was of 20 months from January-2018 to August-2019. One hundred and sixty six antenatal mothers with age population in range of 18-35 years were included in the study. All the study subjects were randomly selected & rendered to serological testing’s like T3, T4, TSH. All The study protocol was performed in accordance with the principle of the declaration of Helsinki and after approval by the Institutional ethical scientific committee. The data was entered and tabulated in MS-Excel 2007, and statistical analysis was performed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0). Data had been summarized as mean for numerical variables and count and percentages for categorical variables.

Relationship of Hypothyroidism in the Causation of Developing Mastalgia

Background: Mastalgia and fibroadenomas are common among the women in reproductive age group. Thyroid dysfunction has been implicated as the etiology. Objective: To identify the relationship of Hypothyroidism in the causation of developing Mastalgia. Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Department of General Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka, between January 2019 to June 2019. A total of 90 patients with mastalgia due to nonadherence to antithyroid therapy, out of which 60 patients with Hypothyroidism were considered as a group I and 30 without Hypothyroidism were considered as group II. For statistical analyses of the results generation, using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-23). Results: The majority 96.7% of patients were married in group I and 85.0% in group II. Nearly three fourth 73.3% of patients had not a history of oral contraceptives in group I and 15.0% in group II. The mean TSH was 9.23±8.84 mlu/l in group I and 3.25±1.15 mlu/l in group II. The mean FT3 was 1.96±0.68 (pg/ml) in group I and 3.10±1.1(pg/ml) in group II. More than half 53.3% of patients had mastalgia occurring within a year in group I. Mastalgia only found 55.3% and 30.0% in group I and group II respectively. More than half 52.2% of patients had taken fatty food, fast food, red meat daily in group I and 15.0% in group II. Physical exercise performed frequently found 8.3% and 50.0% in group I and group II respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion: No history of oral contraceptive, consumption of fatty food, fast food, red meat, and never engagement in physical exercise were significantly more common in mastalgia patients with hypothyroidism. There was an association of thyroid dysfunction in patients with mastalgia.

Thyroid Function Disorders in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Various thyroid functional test abnormalities are commonly observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to alterations in thyroid hormone synthesis, metabolism, and regulation. Objectives: The study aims at investigating the prevalence of thyroid function disorders in patients with CKD and its association with the degree of renal failure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on patients with CKD, at the Nephrology unit, Hawler Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Iraq from 1 July 2020 to 31 December 2020. Demographic features such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded; blood tests were done, including serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and creatinine. The CKD-EPI (epidemiological) equation was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).The participants were classified according to their thyroid function, age, BMI, and eGFR. The association of thyroid dysfunction with gender, age, BMI, and eGFR was studied. Results: A total of 104 patients with CKD enrolled in the current study: Half of them were on conservative treatment, and the other half were on a chronic hemodialysis (HD) program. Fifty four (51.9%) of them were male, mean age was 53.99 ± 14.59 years, mean BMI was 25.19 ± 3.14 kg/m2, and most of them (63.5%) were overweight. According to eGFR classification, most of the participants (70.2%) were at stage 5 CKD, 20.2% at stage 4, and 9.6% at stage 3. From the study population, it was observed that 34 out of 104 (32.7%) participants presented with thyroid function disorders. Among them, 22 (21.2%) patients presented with subclinical hypothyroidism, seven (6.7%) had overt hypothyroidism, three (2.9%) hyperthyroidism, and two (1.9%) subclinical hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism (clinical and subclinical) was positively associated with increasing age and advanced CKD. Conclusion: Thyroid function disorders are common among patients with CKD. Hypothyroidism, the most prevalent one, was positively associated with increasing age, low eGFR, and in patients on HD therapy.

EVALUATION OF SERUM IRON STATUS AND THYROID PROFILE IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

OBJECTIVE: To nd the prevalence and association of thyroid dysfunction with anemia/body iron status among Chronic kidney disease patients, MATERIALS AND METHODS:It is a cross-sectional study conducted in Government General Hospital ,Kurnool during the period from jan 2021-july 2021.. Atotal of 75 patients were included in our study who satised the diagnostic criteria of CKD and patients underwent clinical and renal parameters, haematological prole and iron status. For comparison of the results with the general population adequate number of controls were taken . RESULTS: Our study results showed that out of the 75 patients with CKD 49 patients had low T3 syndrome which accounts for 65% of the patients, 14 patients had low T4 syndrome) which accounts for 18% of the patients and 12 patients had primary hypothyroidism TSH >20µIU/ml. it was found that nearly 43% of the patients did not have target serum ferritin of 100 ng/ml and 49.2% of study population did not have target TSATof >20%. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates a high prevalence of thyroid abnormalities particularly hypothyroidism, accompanied by increased prevalence of anemia and iron deciency indicating symbiotic relationship between thyroid gland function and body iron status. Thyroid Dysfunction occurred in the patients with chronic kidney disease, it does not indicate a state of hypothyroidism, but a reection of the state of chronic illness/malnutrition.

Thyroid dysfunction in patients of metabolic syndrome: A study from a tertiary care center in India

Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance. Thyroid hormone acts as general pacemaker, accelerating metabolic process and may be associated with metabolic syndrome. There is no information available in literature regarding the prevalence and association of thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome in this central region of the country. Aims and Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: It is a duration based prospective cross sectional study including 200 patients of metabolic syndrome. A detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations including serum Free T4 (FT4), Free T3 (FT3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) were done. Range, frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation and P value were calculated. P value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome patients was 28.5%. Prevalence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism was 18.5% and 8.5% respectively. In patients with both metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction, most common components associated are diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is significantly common in metabolic syndrome patients. It should be aggressively detected and treated in these patients for better outcome.

Association of Thyroid Dysfunction With Cognitive Function

In clinical guidelines, overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction are mentioned as causal and treatable factors for cognitive decline. However, the scientific literature on these associations shows inconsistent findings. To assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of baseline thyroid dysfunction with cognitive function and dementia. This multicohort individual participant data analysis assessed 114 267 person-years (median, 1.7-11.3 years) of follow-up for cognitive function and 525 222 person-years (median, 3.8-15.3 years) for dementia between 1989 and 2017. Analyses on cognitive function included 21 cohorts comprising 38 144 participants. Analyses on dementia included eight cohorts with a total of 2033 cases with dementia and 44 573 controls. Data analysis was performed from December 2016 to January 2021. Thyroid function was classified as overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and overt hypothyroidism based on uniform thyrotropin cutoff values and study-specific free thyroxine values. The primary outcome was global cognitive function, mostly measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Executive function, memory, and dementia were secondary outcomes. Analyses were first performed at study level using multivariable linear regression and multivariable Cox regression, respectively. The studies were combined with restricted maximum likelihood meta-analysis. To overcome the use of different scales, results were transformed to standardized mean differences. For incident dementia, hazard ratios were calculated. Among 74 565 total participants, 66 567 (89.3%) participants had normal thyroid function, 577 (0.8%) had overt hyperthyroidism, 2557 (3.4%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism, 4167 (5.6%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 697 (0.9%) had overt hypothyroidism. The study-specific median age at baseline varied from 57 to 93 years; 42 847 (57.5%) participants were women. Thyroid dysfunction was not associated with global cognitive function; the largest differences were observed between overt hypothyroidism and euthyroidism-cross-sectionally (-0.06 standardized mean difference in score; 95% CI, -0.20 to 0.08; P = .40) and longitudinally (0.11 standardized mean difference higher decline per year; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.23; P = .09). No consistent associations were observed between thyroid dysfunction and executive function, memory, or risk of dementia. In this individual participant data analysis of more than 74 000 adults, subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were not associated with cognitive function, cognitive decline, or incident dementia. No rigorous conclusions can be drawn regarding the role of overt thyroid dysfunction in risk of dementia. These findings do not support the practice of screening for subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the context of cognitive decline in older adults as recommended in current guidelines.

The association between subclinical hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity with infertility in a population-based study: Tehran thyroid study (TTS)

BackgroundThyroid autoimmunity(TAI) is the most prevalent autoimmune condition in women of fertile age. There are increasing data regarding the association of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity with adverse pregnancy outcomes but there is no consensus regarding infertility and TPOAb positivity; thus we aimed to evaluate the association between thyroid TPOAb positivity and infertility in females and males in a population-based study (TTS).MethodsCross-sectional study of 3197 female and male participants in Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) at the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Data included biochemical measurements and a self-administered questionnaire.ResultsA total of 12,823 cases in phase 4, 3719 cases (2108 female and 1611 male) were analyzed. The mean TSH of the infertile female and male was 2.52 ± 2.68 μIU/ml and 3.24 ± 10.26 μIU/ml respectively. The TPO median(IQR) of women with and without a history of infertility were 6.05 (3.30–13.96)and 6.04 (3.17–11.15);(P = 0.613), they were 5.08 (3.20–125.68) and 5.31 (3.93–125.68);(P = 0.490) in male participants, respectively. Results of crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis of the development of infertility by thyroid function and TPOAb, except for fT4 in male subjects, depicted no association between infertility and other variables in both crude and adjusted models.ConclusionBased on the result, thyroid autoimmunity was not associated with infertility in both females and males.

Clinical Implication of TSH Screening in Venous Thromboembolism Patients

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) that have significant morbidity and mortality for patients in the community and hospital. A recent meta-analysis found a significantly increased risk of incidence VTE among patients with hyperthyroidism compared to patients without hyperthyroidism. To our knowledge, no study has attempted to explore whether screening for TSH levels in VTE patients leads to a diagnosis of undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction as VTE could be the first presenting symptom. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study and analyzed data of all patients treated at University Medical Center, Lubbock, Texas in 18-85 years of age with a diagnosis of DVT and/or PE in 2019. Qualitative chart review to identify cases of clinically significant TSH screening in VTE patients that leads to thyroid dysfunction diagnosis. Associations between variables tested using Student’s t-test, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of total of 533 participants with diagnosis of VTE in 2019, 85 participants were included in the study. Seven participants (8.24%) were found to have high TSH level (>4.2 mIU/mL). None of them was found to have low level of TSH. Participants in high TSH group were more likely to be female (71.43%) and Caucasian (71.43%). In high TSH group patients tended to have both PE and DVT diagnosis at the same admission (71.43%). Weight and BMI were significance higher than those with normal TSH level. Segna et al conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study on association between thyroid dysfunction and venous thromboembolism. The study measure thyroid hormones and thrombophilic biomarkers at 1 year after the acute VTE and follow for the recurrent VTE (rVTE). They found that after 20.8 months of follow-up, 9% developed rVTE. However, none of them was found in subclinical hyperthyroidism group. Furthermore, in their multi-variate analyses, the hazard ratio for rVTE was 0.80 (95%CI 0.23-2.81) subclinical hyperthyroidism compared with euthyroid participants. They concluded that subclinical hyperthyroidism may be associated with lower rVTE risks. Similarly, with Liviu study found hyperthyroidism was not associated with an increased risk of VTE. Qualitative chart review in our patients with high TSH resulted that none of them had history of tobacco use. One participant was on birth control pills with the history of cervical carcinoma. Conclusion:The association of thyroid dysfunction and the development of VTE is debated on the literature review. In our study we found multiple patients with high TSH level (8.24%) in VTE patients with no prior history of thyroid dysfunction. TSH could play an important role in hypercoagulable state. Subclinical hypothyroidism and/or hypothyroidism may induce a prothrombotic event. However, larger cohort studies with higher prevalence of high TSH participants are needed to prove a relationship between TSH level and VTE events.

Association of Thyroid Function During Pregnancy With the Risk of Pre-eclampsia and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

ObjectiveTo estimate the association of maternal thyroid dysfunction with the risk of gestational hypertension and diabetes. Whether the association was affected by gestational age at diagnosis and thyroid autoimmunity was further explored. MethodsA cohort study of 41 647 participants was conducted. Thyroid function (ie, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] and free thyroxine [FT4]) was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Thyroid antibody positivity (eg, thyroperoxidase, thyroglobulin, and TSH receptor antibody) was indicated if the values of these antibodies exceeded the upper targets of the reference range. The relationship between maternal thyroid dysfunction and the risk of pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. ResultsIsolated hypothyroxinemia (defined as 5th ≤ TSH ≤ 95th percentile, FT4 < 5th percentile) was associated with the risk of PE (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10-1.58). Overt hypothyroidism (TSH > 95th percentile; FT4 < 5th percentile) was related to the risk of severe PE (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.05-6.37). Being positive for TSH receptor antibody was associated with a decreased risk of GDM (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.35-0.70). A marginally significant association between overt hypothyroidism detected at the first trimester and the risk of GDM was found (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.00-2.83). The association of thyroid dysfunction with the risk of PE and GDM was stronger among pregnant women who were negative for autoantibodies. ConclusionSome types of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy were associated with the risk of PE and GDM. The associations varied by gestational age at diagnosis and by thyroid autoantibody status.

Higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with erythrodermic psoriasis.

The association of psoriasis with thyroid dysfunction has been investigated. However, it remains unclear; some papers indicate it, and others do not. In this study, we evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) and erythrodermic psoriasis (EP), and the association of thyroid dysfunction with inflammation. Data on 201 psoriatic patients visiting our hospital from January 2014 to November 2017 (159 men and 42 women; 74 PsV, 42 PsA, 38 GPP and 47 EP) were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-three percent of psoriatic patients had thyroid dysfunction. The percentage of patients with thyroid dysfunction was the highest in those with EP (60% EP, 42% GPP, 19% PsA, 19% PsV). The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction decreased significantly when patients switched from EP to PsV or PsA (58% vs 17%; median, 20.5; range, 4-65months). Most of the patients with thyroid dysfunction had low thyroxine syndrome (serum levels of free thyroxine are low, but serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level is normal). Patients with thyroid dysfunction demonstrated significantly higher CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell absolute count levels than those without thyroid dysfunction. Meanwhile, patients with thyroid dysfunction demonstrated lower immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgM levels than those without thyroid dysfunction. Finally, patients with thyroid dysfunction demonstrated higher elevated serum C-reactive protein levels than those without dysfunction in total, although there were no statistical differences. Our data indicate that thyroid dysfunction in patients with psoriasis may be associated with inflammation caused by psoriasis.

Association of thyroid dysfunction in patients with biliary calculus: A study in tertiary care hospital

Background: For decades there has been discussion whether thyroid disorders could cause gall stone disease. There could be several explanations for possible relation between hypothyroidism and gall stone disease. Objective: To know the association of thyroid functions tests in diagnosed cases of gall stone disease. Setting: It is a prospective study. 200 patients with biliary calculi were included in the study. Result: 143(71.5%) were females and 57(28.5%) were males with median age was 40 yrs. Thyroid disorder in form of hypothyroidism was found in 37(18.5%) patients (high TSH levels than normal value for their age), 28(19.6%) were females and 9(15.8%) males. Among 37 hypothyroidism cases 21(10.5%) are subclinical hypothyroidism and 16(8%) were clinical hypothyroidism. Clinically 37 out of 200 patients high level of TSH is statistically not significant (p= 0.849). However low levels of T3 levels associated with high TSH in clinical hypothyroidism is statistically significant (p=0.047). Conclusion: It was concluded in our study there was high TSH levels in patients with biliary calculi but it’s not statistically significant however low T3 with high TSH has statistically significant.

The Association of Thyroid Dysfunction with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Descriptive Observational Study.

Background:Associations among thyroid dysfunction, thyroid autoimmunity, and clinical features including age, gender, disease duration, and severity of psoriasis is less studied.Objectives:To study frequency of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity and examine association among thyroid dysfunction, thyroid autoimmunity, and clinical features including gender, age, duration, and severity of psoriasis.Material and Methods:The medical records of 290 (m:f 2.15:1) patients aged 13–75 years with plaque psoriasis were analyzed for thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity. Thyroid dysfunction was defined as 10% variation in any thyroid hormone levels. Thyroid autoimmunity was diagnosed from presence of antithyroid peroxide (anti-TPO) antibodies.Results:The majority, 57.9% patients, was aged ≥41 years (Type-2 psoriasis) and duration of disease was <5 years in 58.6% patients. Mild and moderate to severe psoriasis was present in 58.3% and 41.7% patients, respectively. Deranged thyroid functions were present in 29 (10%) patients. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism occurred in 5.4% and 2.7% patients, respectively. Anti-TPO antibodies were observed in 13.5% patients; 11had hypothyroidism. There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, duration, and severity of psoriasis when compared with patients having normal thyroid function tests.Conclusion:The study suggests possible thyroid dysregulation and thyroid autoimmunity in psoriasis but results need careful interpretation and clinical application. Their significance as standalone risk factor for the chronicity, severity, and relapses in psoriasis or whether thyroid hormone replacement or antithyroid drugs become a useful therapeutic option remains tenuous at best for need of more robust evidence. Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study design, small number of patients, and lack of controls remain major limitations.

Association of thyroid dysfunction with suicide attempts in first-episode and drug naïve patients with major depressive disorder

BackgroundsThyroid dysfunction was reported to be associated with depression; however, its role in suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare thyroid function between suicide attempters and non-suicide attempters in a large sample of first episode drug naïve (FEDN) MDD patients, which received little systemic investigation. MethodsA total of 1718 outpatients with diagnosis of MDD at their first episode were recruited. Their socio-demographic, clinical data and thyroid function parameters were collected. The positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) were measured for psychotic, anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. ResultsOur results showed that compared with non-suicide attempters, suicide attempters had greater scores on HAMD, HAMA and PANSS psychotic symptoms and higher serum levels in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidases antibody (TPOAb) (all p < 0.001). Further logistic regression analysis indicated that suicide attempts were associated with severe anxiety with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.704 and TPOAb with an adjusted OR of 2.188. LimitationsNo causal relationship could be drawn due to the cross-sectional design. ConclusionsOur results indicate TSH, TgAb and TPOAb may be promising biomarkers of suicide risk in MDD, suggesting the importance of regular assessment of thyroid function parameters for suicide prevention, and possible treatment for impaired thyroid function for intervention of suicide in MDD patients.

Thyroid dysfunction and electrocardiographic changes in subjects without arrhythmias: a cross-sectional study of primary healthcare subjects from Copenhagen

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to investigate associations of both overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction with common ECG parameters in a large primary healthcare population.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsThe...

Sex-Dependent Association between Weight Change and Thyroid Dysfunction: Population-Level Analysis Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background: Although body weight change (BWC) is a common manifestation of thyroid dysfunction, solid evidence for whether to perform or on whom to perform thyroid function test in subjects complaining of BWC is lacking. Objective: To evaluate the association between thyroid dysfunction and BWC using a nationwide survey. Method: Data was obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI 2013–2015 and 5,456 subjects without previous thyroid disease were included. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4, and self-reported BWC during the previous year were used for the evaluation. Weight loss or gain was defined as weight change of at least 3 kg. Results: In total, 1,017 men (37.3%) and 1,175 women (43.0%) reported BWCs during the previous year. The overall weighted prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was not significantly associated with the extent of BWC in men (p = 0.705) or women (p = 0.094). However, when the impact of TSH levels on weight change was separately evaluated for weight gain and loss after adjusting for age and body mass index in each sex, weight loss in women was significantly associated with TSH levels (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.47–0.85, p = 0.03). No association of thyroid dysfunction was observed for weight gain in women (p = 0.23) or any changes in men (p = 0.875 in weight gain, p = 0.923 in weight loss). Conclusions: This study highlights the necessity of performing thyroid function testing in women who complain of weight loss, but such testing may be less vital in women with weight gain or men with any changes in weight.