Association Of Smoking Status Research Articles

Abstract 1190: Association of Smoking Status with Incidental Metabolic Syndrome in Men; a 3-year Follow-up Study

Although cigarette smoking has been known to be a risk factor for increased insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities, there is no data to assess the association of smoking status with incidental metabolic syndrome (MS). We investigated the incidence of MS and assessed the effect of smoking status on incidental MS. The subjects were 4542 men (median age of 44 years) without MS who were followed for an average of 3 years. For analysis, smoking status was divided into 4 groups, non-smokers, new-smokers, ex-smokers, or sustained-smokers, according to smoking status at baseline and 3-year follow-up. The overall incidence of MS was 10.6%; the incidence of MS in each group was 8.0% in the non-smokers, 7.1% in the new-smokers, 17.1% in the ex-smokers, and 13.9% in sustained-smokers (p<0.0001). In a multivariate logistic regression model (Model 1) adjusting for age, baseline weight, alcohol consumption, exercise, and baseline number of MS components, sustained-smokers and ex-smokers predicted a significant increased odds for incidental MS of 1.68 (95% CI 1.33–2.12) and 2.43 (95% CI 1.80 –3.29), respectively, as compared with non-smokers. When weight change is included (Model 2), the odds ratios were attenuated (1.54[1.21–1.95] ; 1.87[1.37–2.56], respectively). Among sustained-smokers, the odds ratio for incidental MS increased according to the amount or the duration of smoking. Furthermore, ex-smokers had a significant increased odds for incidental MS of 1.45 (95% CI 1.06 –1.98), compared with continuous-smokers (model 1). This was no longer significant after including weight change (model 2). In conclusion, either sustained smoking or smoking cessation in 3 years is a risk factor for incidental metabolic syndrome in men, independent of weight change, as compared with non-smoking. Also smoking cessation in 3 years might be a higher risk factor for incidental MS than sustained smoking. Our study indicates that weight control in men, especially with smoking cessation is critical to attenuate the additional risk for incidental MS.

Effect of smoking habits on sleep

To evaluate the effect of smoking habits on sleep, data from 1492 adults referred to the Sleep Institute were accessed and divided into 3 categories of smoking status: current, former and non-smokers. Categories of pack-years (<15 and > or =15) defined smoking severity. The association of smoking status and smoking severity with sleep was analyzed for sleep parameters, especially apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) > or =5, more than 5% of total sleep time (TST) spent with oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) <90%, and arousal index. The arousal index was higher among current (21 +/- 17) and former smokers (20 +/- 17) than non-smokers (17 +/- 15; P < 0.04). Former smokers had a higher percent of TST at SaO2 <90% than non-smokers (9 +/- 18 vs 6 +/- 13; P < 0.04). Former smokers with pack-years > or =15 compared to <15 exhibited higher AHI (22 +/- 24 vs 16 +/- 21; P < 0.05) and arousal index (22 +/- 19 vs 18 +/- 15; P < 0.05). Current smokers with pack-years > or =15 compared to <15 exhibited higher arousal index (23 +/- 18 vs 18 +/- 16; P < 0.05) and percent of TST at SaO2 <90% (11 +/- 17 vs 6 +/- 13; P < 0.05). Smoking status and pack-years were not associated with AHI > or =5 on logistic regression analysis, but current smokers with pack-years > or =15 were 1.9 times more likely to spend more than 5% of TST at SaO2 <90% than non-smokers (95%CI = 1.21-2.97; P = 0.005). The variability of arousal index was influenced by gender, AHI and current smokers with pack-years > or =15 (all P < 0.01). Smoking habits seem to be associated with arousal and oxyhemoglobin desaturation during sleep, but not with AHI. The effect was more pronounced in current than former smokers.

Association of Smoking Status with Oral-health-related Daily Life Difficulties among Japanese Male Workers

Association of Smoking Status with Oral-health-related Daily Life Difficulties among Japanese Male Workers

Cigarette smoking, disease severity and autoantibody expression in African Americans with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis

Objective:To examine the association of smoking with clinical and serological features in African Americans with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to explore whether this association is dependent on the presence...

Association of smoking status with obesity and diabetes among elderly people

The present study was aimed to examine associations of current and ex-smoking status with obesity and diabetes among elderly people. Nationwide study of Finnish elderly people based on biennial surveys from 1985 to 1995, were used to study 7482 people aged 65–79 years. Smoking status included non-, ex-light, ex-heavy, current light, and current heavy smokers. Obesity was set as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30. Information of smoking, BMI, and diabetes was based on self-reports. Logistic regression was used as the main method of analyses. Compared to non-smokers (reference category), ex-heavy smokers had higher (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.85) and current light smokers (OR, 0.46; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.69) lower relative risk of obesity. Current light smokers had also lower and ex-heavy smokers higher rate of diabetes than non-smokers. Ex-heavy smokers had a higher risk of obesity (OR, 1.75; 95% CI: 1.30, 2.36) and diabetes (OR, 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.01) than ex-light smokers. Same pattern for current smokers was found. Heavy ex- and current elderly smokers are at risk of obesity and diabetes. Thus, heavy smokers should be emphasized in programs promoting smoking cessation.