Association Of Serum Zinc Levels Research Articles

Association between serum zinc levels and multiple cutaneous warts: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Warts are cutaneous manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV). Trauma and maceration facilitate initial epidermal inoculation. The spread may then occur by autoinoculation. Local and systemic immune factors appear to influence the spread. Zinc is an essential micronutrient having a wide spectrum of actions. Deficiency of the same adversely affects the immune function, especially, T cell functions. The role of zinc as an immunological modulator activates lymphocytes and cytokines against the penetration and replication of viruses, which has increasingly been recognized. Numerous skin disorders have been linked to zinc deficiency. A high dose of oral zinc sulfate has shown outstanding therapeutic efficacy and prevents relapse in patients with recalcitrant and multiple warts. Owing to the therapeutic efficacy of oral zinc in the treatment of warts, the current study was undertaken to find out the association between serum zinc level and multiple cutaneous warts among the study population. Materials and methods: One hundred and ten patients with cutaneous warts met the inclusion criteria and an equal number of age and sex-matched controls were enrolled. A consecutive sampling technique was used for the enrolment. Details regarding the duration, number, clinical type, size, and distribution of the warts were recorded. Serum zinc levels were estimated in both cases and controls. Data were tabulated and analyzed using the SPSS software version 20. Results: The reference range for normal serum zinc levels was taken as 60–180 µg/dL. Normal serum zinc levels were found in 91 (100%) of the cases and 100 (110%) of the controls; high levels were found only in 9 (10%) of the cases. Cases were found to have significantly higher mean serum zinc levels compared with the controls. (121.1 ± 35.78 µg/dL vs. 101.8 ± 20.48µg/dL, P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Patients with multiple cutaneous warts were found to have higher mean serum zinc levels compared with age and sex-matched controls. There was no significant association of serum zinc levels with the duration or the number of warts.

Association of Serum Zinc Level and Clinical Outcome in Patients with COVID19 Virus

Abstract Background Zinc, one of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant micronutrient found in food with well-established role in immunity, is currently being used in some clinical trials against COVID-19. Objective The aim of our study was to assess the association between mean levels of Zinc in the patients and mortality caused by COVID-19. Patients and Methods This was a comparative cross-sectional study that was performed on 60 Egyptian patients at Ain Shams University Quarantine field hospital, Ain Shams University Quarantine hospital In Al OboUr, and outpatient clinics at Ain shams university hospitals for 6 months period This study patients were divided according to clinical outcome into: Group I that included patients admitted to ICU and Group II that included patients admitted to ward. Results There was no statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding Sex, Age and Special habits, and there was no statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding CO-RADS classification, and there was statistically highly significant difference found found between two groups regarding Medical history. There was statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding Zinc level. There was statistically no significant difference found between two groups regarding Lymphocytes, Hemoglobin, Platelets, BUN, S. Creatinine, Total Bilirubin and S. Albumin, and there was statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding Neutrophil- Lymphocyte ratio, CRP, ESR, AST, ALT, FERRITIN and LDH, and there was statistically highly significant difference found between two groups regarding TLC, Neutrophils, D-DIMER and VIT D. Conclusion This study concluded a correlation between low SZC and COVID-19 severity and mortality. The cause is likely to be a combination of immune system imbalance and a direct benefit of viral replication. Thus, we propose SZC as a novel and additional parameter to predict COVID19 outcome.

Association of Serum Zinc Levels and Some Risk Factors with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Women Referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Bu-Ali Hospital of Zahedan in 2021

Background: Diabetes is the most common medical complication of pregnancy. Low serum zinc levels in pregnant women can cause uterine growth restriction and increase the risk of abortion and neural tube defects. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the association of serum zinc levels with gestational diabetes (GDM) in diabetic and healthy pregnant women referred to Bu-Ali Hospital in Zahedan. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 70 pregnant women, including 35 diabetics and 35 healthy subjects, referred to our diabetes clinic. The subjects were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic, clinical, and obstetric characteristics of the subjects were gathered, and a diabetes screening test was performed for all of them. Then 3 mL of blood was taken from each person to determine serum zinc level by a calorimetric method. Statistical analysis using SPSS software was 16. Results: The means of serum zinc level in pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant women were 62.22 ± 5.57 and 89.17 ± 12.16 g /dL, respectively (P = 0.001). Except for the mean values of fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour blood sugar levels (P = 0.001), there was no significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic women in terms of age, weight, gestational age, number of deliveries, number of abortions, and body mass index. Conclusions: Our results indicated that most of the pregnant women had severe zinc deficiency, which could intensify pregnancy complications, boosting the risk of pregnancy complications for mothers and neonates. Therefore, screening for gestational diabetes and zinc deficiency and their treatment are recommended to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Association of Serum Zinc Level with severity of chronic kidney disease in diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIn recent years, it has been reported that diabetic patients tend to have a lower zinc intake due to unbalanced diet accompanying changes in lifestyle habits. We investigated serum zinc concentration in diabetic patients according to the stage of nephropathy.MethodsWe enrolled 227 diabetic patients (119 men, 108 women, average age 65.7 ± 14.7 [mean ± standard deviation]) who were hospitalized for diabetes treatment due to poor blood glucose control. We investigated the relationship between fasting serum zinc concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, UACR), as well as serum zinc concentration by stage of diabetic kidney disease and chronic kidney disease.ResultsThe mean HbA1c value was 10.5 ± 2.1%. Serum zinc concentration was 75.5 ± 16.0 μg/dL in males and 75.7 ± 12.2 μg/dL in females, showing no gender difference and no significant relationship with diabetes type. The serum zinc concentration was negatively correlated with age (r = − 0.309, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with eGFR (r = 0.144, P = 0.030). A tendency was observed of serum zinc concentration to decrease after overt nephropathy, with values of 76.4 ± 14.1 μg/dL in pre-nephropathy (stage 1, n = 131), 78.5 ± 13.2 μg/dL in incipient nephropathy (stage 2, n = 65), 66.4 ± 14.3 μg/dL in overt nephropathy (stage 3, n = 25), and 65.7 ± 11.9 μg/dL in kidney failure (stage 4, n = 6). Serum zinc showed a negative trend with estimated GFR (P = 0.004) and significant reduction in albuminuria, with stage A3 (n = 29, 65.7 ± 13.9 μg/dL) having lower levels than A1 (n = 131, 76.4 ± 14.1 μg/dL, P = 0.001) and A2 (n = 67, 78.4 ± 13.1 μg/dL, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn diabetic patients, serum zinc concentration tended to decrease as age increased and also as renal function deteriorated. This study suggests that consideration of zinc deficiency is necessary in patients with overt albuminuria.

Association of serum zinc level and clinical outcome in Egyptian COVID-19 patients

BackgroundZinc is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant micronutrient found in food. Due to its well-established role in immunity, it is currently being used in some clinical trials against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to assess the association between the mean serum zinc level in COVID-19 Egyptian patients and its relationship with disease severity. This cross-sectional study was conducted on sixty patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. These patients were divided into two groups according to clinical outcome, group 1 which included 30 intensive care unit (ICU) patients and group 2 which included 30 patients who were admitted to the ward. Mean serum levels of zinc were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference noted among study groups regarding the serum zinc level (p < 0.039), where lower mean serum zinc levels were noted in ICU patients compared to ward patients (70.6 ± 5.7 vs 73.8 ± 6.1).ConclusionLow serum zinc level is associated with the severe outcome of COVID-19 infection.

Association of Serum Zinc Level with Febrile Seizures in Children

Introduction: Febrile seizure (FS), previously known as febrile convulsion, is the most common seizure in children. FS usually occurs between six months and five years of age.&#x0D; Aims and objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the association of serum zinc level with febrile seizures in children of Pakistan.&#x0D; Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore during June 2020 to January 2021. The data was collected from 164 patients of both genders.&#x0D; Results: The data was collected from 164 patients. In the case group, 46 children were male (53.3%), and 36 children (46.7%) were female. In the control group 44 children were male (43.3%) and 38 children were female (56.7%). The age of all participants was between one months and six years.&#x0D; Conclusion: It is concluded that low serum zinc levels are fairly un-sufficient to support the hypothesis that Zinc deficiency could not be a potential risk factor for febrile seizure in children.

Association of Serum Zinc Levels in Overweight and Obesity.

Low levels of zinc (Zn) have adverse effects on physiological and metabolic functions in humans, especially in processes linked with obesity. In this work, serum Zn levels and their associations with biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol), sex, and body mass index (BMI) were determined. The distribution of the study sample by sex was homogeneous: 52.6% were women and 47.4% were men. Women had higher BMI and Zn levels (normal weight and obesity) than men, but the differences in BMI and serum Zn levels by sex were not significant (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the results obtained showed a decrease in serum Zn levels in overweight and obese individuals (p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between BMI and serum Zn levels (r = - 0.663 and p < 0.001); additionally, a significant correlation was identified between cholesterol and triglyceride values (r = 0.493 and p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated decreased serum Zn levels in overweight and obese individuals.

Iron and Zinc Homeostasis and Interactions: Does Enteric Zinc Excretion Cross-Talk with Intestinal Iron Absorption?

Iron and zinc are essential micronutrients required for growth and health. Deficiencies of these nutrients are highly prevalent among populations, but can be alleviated by supplementation and food fortification. Cross-sectional studies in humans showed positive association of serum zinc levels with hemoglobin and markers of iron status. Dietary restriction of zinc or intestinal specific conditional knock out of ZIP4 (SLC39A4), an intestinal zinc transporter, in experimental animals demonstrated iron deficiency anemia and tissue iron accumulation. Similarly, increased iron accumulation has been observed in cultured cells exposed to zinc deficient media. These results together suggest a potential role of zinc in modulating intestinal iron absorption and mobilization from tissues. Studies in intestinal cell culture models demonstrate that zinc induces iron uptake and transcellular transport via induction of divalent metal iron transporter-1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN1) expression, respectively. It is interesting to note that intestinal cells are exposed to very high levels of zinc through pancreatic secretions, which is a major route of zinc excretion from the body. Therefore, zinc appears to be modulating the iron metabolism possibly via regulating the DMT1 and FPN1 levels. Herein we critically reviewed the available evidence to hypothesize novel mechanism of Zinc-DMT1/FPN1 axis in regulating intestinal iron absorption and tissue iron accumulation to facilitate future research aimed at understanding the yet elusive mechanisms of iron and zinc interactions.

Zinc deficiency in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder in children that may persist into adulthood. Insufficient nutritional supply and deficiency of trace elements and other components including various minerals have been suggested to play a role in the development of ADHD symptoms. Zinc in particular was found to be significantly deficient in patients with ADHD compared with healthy controls, so it was concluded that zinc deficiency might play a role in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. Objectives The aim of the work is to investigate the association of serum zinc levels with ADHD diagnosis, its symptom domains, and severity. Patients and methods A total of 75 children aged from 6 to 14 years with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) diagnosis of ADHD were enrolled in this study. All children were assessed using Colored Progressive Matrices IQ test, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL), the Working Memory Index (WMI) of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III), and Conner’s Parent Rating Scale − Revised − Long version (CPRS-R-L). Serum zinc level was measured in all children using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results Overall, 52% of children with ADHD (n=39) had forthright zinc deficiency with serum zinc levels less than 60 μg/dl. Five children only had marginal zinc levels, with serum zinc level ranging between 60 and 80 μg/dl. Serum zinc levels were lower in children living in rural areas. Zinc-deficient children showed lower IQ scores than non-zinc-deficient group.

Association of zinc level and polymorphism in MMP-7 gene with prostate cancer in Polish population.

IntroductionProstate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies among men in Western populations. Evidence reported in the literature suggests that zinc may be related to prostate cancer. In this study we evaluated the association of serum zinc levels and polymorphisms in genes encoding zinc-dependent proteins with prostate cancer in Poland.MethodsThe study group consisted of 197 men affected with prostate cancer and 197 healthy men. Serum zinc levels were measured and 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-13, MT2A genes were genotyped.ResultsThe mean serum zinc level was higher in prostate cancer patients than in healthy controls (898.9±12.01 μg/l vs. 856.6±13.05 μg/l, p<0.01). When compared in quartiles a significant association of higher zinc concentration with the incidence of prostate cancer was observed. The highest OR (OR = 4.41, 95%CI 2.07–9.37, p<0.01) was observed in 3rd quartile (>853.0–973.9 μg/l). Among five analyzed genetic variants, rs11568818 in MMP-7 appeared to be correlated with 2-fold increased prostate cancer risk (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.19–4.82, p = 0.015).ConclusionOur results suggest a significant correlation of higher serum zinc levels with the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The polymorphism rs11568818 in MMP-7 gene was also associated with an increased prostate cancer risk in Poland.

Association of Serum Zinc Level With Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure

BackgroundZinc is an essential cofactor for energy transfer and physiological heart function, has antioxidant properties, and is involved in multiple signaling pathways. We aimed to investigate the associations between serum zinc levels with prognosis, as well as underlying cardiac function and exercise capacity, in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods and ResultsWe measured serum zinc levels in 968 consecutive hospitalized patients with decompensated HF, who were divided into 3 groups based on serum zinc levels (µg/dL): first (zinc ≥75, n = 323), second (62≤ zinc <75, n = 322), and third (zinc <62, n = 323) tertiles. We examined cardiac function and exercise capacity and followed up on all patients. Although cardiac function did not differ among the 3 groups, peak oxygen consumption was significantly lower in the third tertile than in the first and second tertiles (peak oxygen consumption, 14.2 vs 15.9 and 15.2 mL/kg/min, P = .010). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis (mean duration of follow-up 1103 days), cardiac and all-cause mortality was highest in the third tertile compared with the first and second tertiles. In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, serum zinc level was a predictor of cardiac and all-cause mortality. In the subgroup analysis, there were no interactions concerning associations between serum zinc levels with prognosis and other important variables, including age, gender, comorbidities, medications, other micronutrient levels, B-type natriuretic peptide, and left ventricular ejection fraction. The associations between zinc levels with mortality were consistent in all subgroups. ConclusionDecreased serum zinc levels are associated with high mortality, accompanied by impaired exercise capacity.

Association of Serum Zinc Level with Severity of Acute Hemolysis in Iranian Children with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency increases the vulnerability of red blood cells to oxidative damage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of serum zinc level with the severity of G6PD deficiency in children with acute hemolysis. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 40 children, admitted to hospital due to acute hemolysis of G6PD deficiency. Hemoglobin level, number of transfusions, severity of hemoglobinuria, duration of acute hemolysis, and severity of hemoglobin drop were recorded; moreover, serum zinc level was monitored. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 18. Results: The serum concentration of zinc was higher in male patients compared to females (P = 0.044), while hemoglobin level upon admission was lower in male patients (P = 0.013). The serum level of zinc had no association with hemoglobin level (0.333), number of transfusions (P = 0.604), severity of hemoglobinuria (P = 0.569), duration of acute hemolysis (P = 0.908), and severity of hemoglobin drop (P = 0.932). Conclusions: This study revealed that serum zinc concentration was not associated with the severity of acute hemolysis in G6PD-deficient children.

Association of Serum Zinc level with Pre Eclampsia

Association of Serum Zinc level with Pre Eclampsia

Association of serum zinc levels with liver function and survival in patients awaiting liver transplantation

Purpose: Zinc is an important trace element with catalytic and defensive functions. We assessed the impact of zinc deficiency in patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting liver transplantation.

Serum zinc levels and its association with vitamin A levels among tuberculosis patients

Introduction:One-third of the total human population is infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium causes illness in up to 9 million people annually and is responsible for three deaths every minute world-wide.Objective:To determine the association of serum zinc level with vitamin A level in active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases.Materials and Methods:It was a cross-sectional study of 208 active pulmonary TB patients aged 18-55 years. Blood samples were obtained from these patients to determine the serum zinc and serum retinol levels.Results:The mean age of the patients was 30.56 (±11.38) years ranging from 18 years to 55 years. More than half (54.3%) of the patients were males and 63% were married. Body mass index of the patients was 18.40 ± 3.10. The serum zinc and vitamin A levels among the patients were 9.60 (±0.86) μmol/l and 0.77 (±0.22) μmol/l respectively. However, haemoglobin, white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum albumin were 10.02 (±1.33) g/dl, 10076.01 (±1822.67) cell/mm3, 14.50 (±2.95) mm/h and 3.40 (±0.32) g/dl respectively. There was a strong correlation between serum zinc and vitamin A levels (r = 0.86, P < 0.01). Vitamin A levels were not significantly different among the different age groups; however, this was significantly (P = 0.001) higher in male (0.82 ± 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.77-0.86) patients as compared to females (0.71 ± 0.20, 95% CI = 0.67-0.75).Conclusion:Zinc deficiency may indirectly influence the metabolism of Vitamin A via reduction of the levels of circulating proteins.

Serum Zinc, Total &amp; Free PSA, Free/Total PSA Ratio and Prostate Cancer Association: A Case Control Study

This case case control study was undertaken to see if there is any association of serum Zinc level with histologically diagnosed prostatic cancer patients. Also to re-establish the importance of estimation of serum Prostate specific antigen PSA, (Total, Free and ratio between free and total) in prostate cancer patients. It was evident from the present study that serum Zinc level has got statistically significant difference between control and prostate cancer patients (p&lt;0.000),. Total PSA and ratio of free and total PSA was also significantly different between control and prostatic cancer patients (p&lt;0.04 and 0.006 respectively). However no significant difference was observed in free PSA level between this two groups (p&lt;0.282).It was concluded from the present study that serum Zinc level could be an adjuvant laboratory test in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and can be started as a routine test in case of suspected prostatic cancer. Also total PSA level and ratio of free and total PSA not free PSA should be done and correlated for diagnosis of prostate cancer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v4i1.13679 AKMMC J 2013: 4(1): 15-19

A Study of Serum Zinc level in Cirrhosis of Liver

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver diseases. Zinc is a micronutrient that plays an important role in the function of liver. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, from July 2010 to June 2011 to observe the association of serum zinc level with liver cirrhosis. A total of 100 adults, both males and females with age range of 18-60 years, of which 50 were healthy subjects and 50 adult hospitalised cirrhotic patients were selected purposively for the study according to selection crieteria. Fasting serum zinc level was measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum zinc level was found to be low in 72% patients. Mean ±SD of serum zinc levels (?g/L) were 610.32 ± 169.60 and 827.66 ± 267.32 in cases and controls respectively. In cirrhotic patients serum zinc level was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P&lt;0.001). Though, it is difficult to draw any definite conclusion from this study, because of reduced level serum of zinc found in cirrhotics, Zn may be supplemented to them with a hope of better treatment response. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v5i2.13340 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2012; 5(2): 44-47

Association of Serum Zinc Level with Severe Pneumonia in Children

Association of Serum Zinc Level with Severe Pneumonia in Children