Abstract
IntroductionProstate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies among men in Western populations. Evidence reported in the literature suggests that zinc may be related to prostate cancer. In this study we evaluated the association of serum zinc levels and polymorphisms in genes encoding zinc-dependent proteins with prostate cancer in Poland.MethodsThe study group consisted of 197 men affected with prostate cancer and 197 healthy men. Serum zinc levels were measured and 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-13, MT2A genes were genotyped.ResultsThe mean serum zinc level was higher in prostate cancer patients than in healthy controls (898.9±12.01 μg/l vs. 856.6±13.05 μg/l, p<0.01). When compared in quartiles a significant association of higher zinc concentration with the incidence of prostate cancer was observed. The highest OR (OR = 4.41, 95%CI 2.07–9.37, p<0.01) was observed in 3rd quartile (>853.0–973.9 μg/l). Among five analyzed genetic variants, rs11568818 in MMP-7 appeared to be correlated with 2-fold increased prostate cancer risk (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.19–4.82, p = 0.015).ConclusionOur results suggest a significant correlation of higher serum zinc levels with the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The polymorphism rs11568818 in MMP-7 gene was also associated with an increased prostate cancer risk in Poland.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies among men in Western populations
The mean serum zinc level was higher in prostate cancer patients than in healthy controls (898.9±12.01 μg/l vs. 856.6±13.05 μg/l, p
Among five analyzed genetic variants, rs11568818 in Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-7 appeared to be correlated with 2-fold increased prostate cancer risk (OR = 2.39, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) = 1.19–4.82, p = 0.015)
Summary
The study group consisted of 197 men affected with prostate cancer and 197 healthy men. Prostate cancer group consisted of 197 consecutive patients diagnosed between 2012–2014 at the Clinical Hospital No 2. Patients without any prior history of malignancy and who were not treated before blood withdrawal were enrolled in this study. Controls were selected among men who were part of a population-based screening study performed by our center, in the West-Pomeranian region of Poland, to identify familial cancer syndromes. For each case one cancer-free control was selected. Controls were matched to cases with respect to year of birth (+/- 3 years), total number of prostate cancers among first degree relatives, number of other cancers among first degree relatives and smoking (status and number of pack/ years). The study was approved by Ethics Committee of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland. Collected blood samples were fully anonymized prior to laboratory analyses
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