Association Of Pt Research Articles

Keabsahan Keputusan Perusahaan dalam Hal Direksi yang Mengambil Keputusan Masa Jabatannya Sudah Selesai Berdasarkan Akta Perubahan Anggaran Dasar Terakhir

The Board of Directors has the authority to manage the company. In carrying out management, the Board of Directors has the authority based on the Deed through the General Meeting of Shareholders whose term of office is determined in the Articles of Association of PT. The problem is that the Board of Directors whose term of office has ended but still carries out their duties and functions. The research method used in this writing is the normative juridical method. From the results of this research, it is concluded that the company's decision in the event that the Board of Directors makes a decision whose term of office has expired, then the decision is invalid unless all actions and decisions of the Board of Directors since the expiration of the term of office have been recognized and considered as the responsibility of the company by the decision of the shareholders in the GMS forum. Directors who carry out management outside their term of office are invalid but can be said to be valid if there is ratification of decisions made by Directors whose term of office has ended. The legal consequence of decision-making by unauthorized directors is that the directors are not responsible for their personal assets.

PERANAN NOTARIS DALAM PENGESAHAN ANGGARAN DASAR PERSEROAN TERBATAS MELALUI SISTEM ADMINISTRASI BADAN HUKUM (AHU ONLINE)

Legal Entity Administration System or SABH (formerly known as Sisminbakum) is a type of legal service provided to the business community in the process of ratifying PT legal entities, granting approval for changes to the articles of association of PT, receiving notification of changes to the articles of association of PT and changes to PT data, as well as notification of information others electronically (via computer networks and the internet), organized by the Directorate General of General Legal Administration (Ditjen AHU) at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. Prior to 2000, the process of legalizing a limited liability company was done manually, starting from receiving files which included checking names, payments and making control cards, so it took quite a long time. The enforcement of the SABH began on October 4, 2000 based on the Decree of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia number M-01.HT.01.01 of 2000.
 To establish a company, it must meet the requirements and procedures that have been determined by the Limited Liability Company Law. The establishment of a Limited Liability Company must meet the following requirements: a.) The company is established by two or more persons with a notarial deed drawn up in the Indonesian language, b.) Each company founder is required to subscribe to shares at the time the company is established, c.) The company obtains status of a legal entity on the date of issuance of a ministerial decree concerning the legalization of a legal entity of a company and d.) After the company has obtained the status of a legal entity and the shareholders have become less than two persons, within a period of no later than six months as of the said situation, the shareholder concerned is obliged to transfer part of its shares to other people or the company issues new shares to other people. With the enactment of the Decree of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia number M-01.HT.01.01 of 2000 concerning the implementation of the administrative system of legal entities, the process of legalization of legal entities is carried out electronically replacing the old system, namely manual registration of legal entities.

Authorities and Responsibilities of Notaries Regarding the Implementation of Cyber Notary in Indonesia

A cyber notary is a breakthrough and innovation that is very important in the legal world, especially Notary; through article 15, paragraph 3 of the Notary Position Act, notaries are given the authority to certify transactions electronically. So far, the certification of electronic transactions has been regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, which discusses all rules relating to electronic transactions. Cyber Notary itself conflicts with the current regulations, especially regarding proof of deeds made electronically by a notary and the authority obtained by a notary as described in Article 15 paragraph 3 of the Law on Notary Positions. This study aims to analyze the powers and responsibilities of a notary about the implementation of a cyber notary in Indonesia. The research method used is normative, using secondary data obtained from library research, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The Notary's authority obtained in the cyber Notary is the authority to register online through the AHU Online application, including registration of the deed of establishment of PT, amendments to the articles of association of PT, fiduciary, and will. The deed made by the Notary electronically and in electronic and digital form has the power of proof under the hand.Keywords: Cyber Notary, Electronic Transactions, Power of Evidence.

Platinum enrichment and phase associations in marine ferromanganese crusts and nodules based on a multi-method approach

Marine ferromanganese crusts and nodules host high concentrations of many economically interesting metals such as platinum (Pt), with Pt concentrations in the range of 44 to 3207 ppb in 182 analyzed samples from various locations in the global ocean. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this strong enrichment in the MnFe oxide phases compared to seawater, including reduction of seawater Pt(II) to Pt(0) or oxidation to Pt(IV) and surface adsorption on the Fe-oxyhydroxide or Mn-oxide phases. To shed more light on the process of Pt enrichment in nodules and crusts, we applied a multi-method approach including bulk analyses, statistics (correlations and Q-mode factor analyses), sequential leaching, sorption experiments, and XANES and EXAFS measurements. Our analyses lend new support to the heterogeneous oxidation/sorption mechanism advanced by Maeno et al. (2016) to explain the initial Pt(II) enrichment on FeMn crusts, with Pt oxidation only taking place on the Mn-oxide phase but not on the Fe-oxyhydroxide phase of crusts. Nodules show lower concentrations and a lesser association of Pt with the Mn phase as the latter is partly of diagenetic origin while the origin of Pt is hydrogenetic. Our results also indicate that sorption of Pt2+(aq) to FeO(OH) is possible if Pt2+(aq) exists under conditions typical of nodule and crust growth in the oceans. Platinum concentrations are consistently highest in phosphatized FeMn crusts where they appear to be related to the occurrence of a 10 Å manganate, so they are likely to be the best exploration target for Pt globally in marine FeMn crusts. However, further work is needed to understand the geochemical reactions that dominate mass transfer of Pt under conditions under which crusts are phosphatized and to identify the exact mineral type which hosts the Pt enrichment.The complex Pt geochemistry in marine FeMn crusts and nodules due to the different phase associations and enrichment processes on the different carrier phases make a straightforward interpretation of Pt data in specific samples difficult. Our findings suggest that only spatially resolved, species-specific methods available via synchrotron-based X-ray and modern electron-probe micro-analyzers (in development) could provide the combination of spatial resolution and species-specificity to determine which of several proposed mechanisms are actually responsible for Pt enrichment in FeMn crusts.

Clinical Significance of Coagulation Studies in Predicting Response to Recombinant Factor VIIa in Cardiac Surgery Patients

Abstract 4351 INTRODUCTION:While recombinant activated Factor VII (rFVIIa) is increasingly used for management of uncontrolled hemorrhage in a variety of clinical settings, its efficacy appears mixed. Few studies have examined the association between coagulation studies and rFVIIa efficacy in cardiac surgery. DESIGN/METHODS:We performed a retrospective study of all patients at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) from February 2005 through March 2011 who received rFVIIa for uncontrolled hemorrhage during or after cardiac surgery. rFVIIa-mediated hemostasis was determined based on clinical descriptions in the medical record. Laboratory studies, clinical parameters, blood product transfusions, and chest tube output were compiled from the medical record. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:Forty-seven patients were identified for this study. The median age was 65 years (range, 16–85). Thirty-one patients were male. Eleven had a perioperative left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%. Of 47 surgeries performed, 30 were emergent or urgent and 16 elective (data was missing in 1 case). Twelve required an intraaortic balloon pump, and 12 placement or removal of a ventricular assist device. Median cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was 281.5 min (range, 104–744; n = 45). Over a median follow-up period of 52 days (range, 0–1673), 22 patients (46.8%) died, 10 within one day of receiving rFVIIa. Median survival was 443 days (90% confidence interval (CI) [30, not-yet-reached]). The median dose of rFVIIa was 40.2 mcg/Kg. rFVIIa-mediated hemostasis was achieved in 23 patients (48.9%), while continued bleeding was observed in 24 (51.1%). Thromboembolic complications attributed to rFVIIa developed in 9 patients (arterial, 5; venous, 4). Median transfusion requirements decreased after rFVIIa administration for the entire population, although the differences were not statistically significant. Survival status could not be reliably incorporated into models of transfusion requirements in this retrospective study, prohibiting further analysis.Mean coagulation studies before vs after rFVIIa were: PT, 24.9 sec +/− 18.3 (n = 44) vs 15.4 sec +/− 4.9 (n = 47); INR, 2.3 +/− 2.5 (n = 44) vs 1.2 +/− 0.5 (n = 47); and PTT, 57.3 sec +/− 27.2 (n = 40) vs 48.4 sec +/− 17.8 (n = 44), respectively. Plasma fibrinogen was excluded from the analysis, as levels were not measured in over one-third of cases. Univariate analyses identified several clinical or laboratory variables associated with rFVIIa-mediated hemostasis: PT after rFVIIa administration (p = 0.02 by Fisher's exact test), INR before rFVIIa (p = 0.05), INR after rFVIIa (p = 0.05), PTT after rFVIIa (p = 0.008), pH after rFVIIa (p = 0.04), and survival status (p = 0.008). In stepwise multivariable logistic regression analyses, only normalization of PTT after rFVIIa was significantly associated with rFVIIa-mediated hemostasis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.169, 95% CI [0.041,0.694], p = 0.01). Stepwise multivariable regression models of PT, INR, and PTT after rFVIIa showed a strong association of PTT and only a marginal association of PT with rFVIIa-mediated hemostasis (PTT: OR = 0.181, 95% CI [0.047,0.722], p = 0.02; PT: OR = 0.10, 95% CI [0.01,0.98], p = 0.05).Chest tube output was recorded for 14 patients who received rFVIIa in the CSICU rather than in an operating room. Of these, 8 (57.1%) had a reduction in chest tube output of ≥ 25% and 5 (21.4%) a reduction of ≥ 50%. While none of the variables examined showed a significant association with reduced chest tube output, concordance with rFVIIa-mediated hemostasis among this small subset of patients was poor (for ≥ 25% reduction: concordance 64.3%, 90% CI [39,84.7], p = 1.0 by McNemar's test; for ≥ 50% reduction: concordance 57.1%, 90% CI [32.5,79.4]), p = 0.2). CONCLUSION:In cardiac surgery patients who receive rFVIIa for uncontrolled hemorrhage, normalization of PTT after rFVIIa appears to be strongly correlated with rFVIIa-mediated hemostasis. This suggests that optimal hemostasis with rFVIIa occurs following concomitant repletion of other coagulation factors in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, although the possibility that normalization of coagulation studies in both pathways is a marker of rFVIIa-mediated hemostasis has not been ruled out. Prospective trials may help to determine whether correction of PTT and other coagulation parameters can improve rFVIIa efficacy in cardiac surgery. Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Predictors of lymph node count in colon adenocarcinoma.

3606 Background: Colon cancer (CC) lymph node (LN) count has become a national quality metric for surgery and pathology. We conducted a single institution study, examining 1,941 CC patient (pt) records for pt, tumor, surgeon, and pathology variables to determine whether factors other than surgeon and pathology factors might influence LN counts. Methods: We included all pts undergoing elective segmental colon resection for stage I-III primary CC at Mayo Clinic Rochester from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2005. Pts with noninvasive and stage IV disease, a known genetic predisposition to develop CC, inflammatory bowel disease, and those undergoing more than a segmental colectomy were excluded, leaving 1941 pts (581 stage I, 730 stage II, 627 stage III). Results: The tumor location was right colon in 1,075 (55%), transverse 135 (7%), left colon 198 (10%), and sigmoid 533 (27%). The median LN number examined was 13 (range 0-70). Results of the univariate analysis are shown in the Table. While the majority of these variables show statistically significant associations with LN count, the R2 values indicate that the associations are weak (e.g. tumor grade only explains 1.4% of variability in the number of LNs examined). Even for the most significant factor associated with LN count, procedure type, median LN count was 17 for right hemicolectomy vs. 12 for other surgery types. Conclusions: In this large, single institution series,LN count was not influenced by surgeon and pathologist volume. Procedure type (right colectomy vs. transverse/left/sigmoid colectomy) and tumor size, although only modestly predictive, were the most important variables predicting LN harvest. Key variables influencing lymph node count are outside the control of the surgeon and pathologist and should be considered in modified quality metrics. Association of pt, tumor, surgical, and pathology variables with LN count Variable p value R2 value Gender 0.004 0.004 Age 0.043 0.002 BMI 0.015 0.003 Diabetes 0.043 0.002 Smoking history 0.004 0.005 Use of immunosuppressive drugs 0.017 0.003 Tumor location <0.0001 0.098 Tumor grade <0.0001 0.014 Tumor size <0.0001 0.059 T stage <0.0001 0.032 Procedure <0.0001 0.108 Specimen length <0.0001 0.050 Surgeon volume (≥100 cases) 0.281 Pathologist volume (≥50 specimens) 0.357 No significant financial relationships to disclose.

CONTRASTING PLATINUM-GROUP MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES FROM TWO DIFFERENT PODIFORM CHROMITITE LOCALITIES IN THE PINDOS OPHIOLITE COMPLEX, GREECE

Platinum-group minerals (PGM) have been identified in chromitite from two localities in the Pindos ophiolite complex in Greece, Milia and Korydallos. At Milia, the PGM are predominantly Os, Ir, and Ru, i.e. , IPGE-bearing, as is typical of many chromitites in ophiolitic complexes; they consist mainly of IPGE alloys and sulfarsenides rather than laurite. At Korydallos, the assemblage is dominated by Pt- and Pd-bearing PGM characteristic of rarer Pt- and Pd-enriched ophiolites. These PGM include Pt–Pd alloys with the base metals Ni, Cu, and Fe, and traces of Au, PGM arsenides and sulfarsenides, sperrylite and members of hollingworthite – irarsite – platarsite solid-solution series. The base-metal-enriched minerals at Korydallos include a Cu-rich Pd–Pt alloy and a Ni–Fe alloy with 1–2% Pd. The association of Pt- and Pd-bearing PGM with base metals suggests that these PGE were collected by small quantities of immiscible sulfide liquid. The PGM are irregular in shape and are located almost exclusively in the altered silicate matrix interstitial to the chromite grains, on the edges of chromite grains, and in veins of silicate cross-cutting chromite. We suggest that the IPGE-bearing and Pt- and Pd-bearing PGM alloys and sulfarsenides are secondary and were formed by loss of sulfur and gain of arsenic during serpentinization. A further stage of alteration produced oxides and hydroxides of Pd around the PGE-bearing alloys and arsenides.

Development of carbon supported metal catalysts for the simultaneous reduction of NO and N2O

The development of an activated carbon supported bimetallic catalyst for the simultaneous reduction of NO and N2O is described. Base metal catalysts were found to deactivate due to the oxidation of the metallic phase, suggesting the use of a noble metal. Platinum catalysts were very active for NO reduction, but they lacked selectivity towards N2, since N2O was produced. The association of Pt and K, a good N2O reduction catalyst, was capable of achieving the complete conversion of both gases at 350°C, the catalyst being stable over extended periods of time (up to 17h). A synergistic effect between Pt and K was observed, similar to the effect previously reported for Ni and K.

Assessment of airborne platinum contamination via ICP-mass spectrometric analysis of tree bark

Tree bark is used as a passive bio-monitor to assess the environmental impact by the use of automotive catalysts containing platinum-group elements. Pt in bark samples collected from UK, Spain, Japan and USA was determined by ICP-MS both conventionally after acid digestion and directly utilising laser ablation. An ultrasonic nebuliser equipped with a membrane desolvator was employed for digest analysis, to improve the sensitivity (limit of detection, 0.8 ng l−1) and to eliminate the potential spectral interference caused by hafnium oxide. Pt concentrations found in the remote sites were below 9 ng g−1. Similar concentrations were obtained for Spanish/UK cities with occasionally slightly elevated values. In contrast, the concentrations for bark samples in major Japanese/US cities ranged up to 38 ng g−1. The data are consistent with the usage of Pt-containing automotive catalysts in the respective sites. Spatial micro-analytical data, acquired on raw bark materials, indicate that Pt occurred in a highly dispersed particulate form and was not readily transformed/solubilised by actions of weathering. Association of Pt with Pd and/or Rh (no correlation with Pb was observed) suggests that the particles detected originated from automotive catalysts.

Alternatives for a better performance of Pt in SO 2−4–ZrO 2 catalysts for n-octane hydroisomerization-cracking. Selective adsorption of Pt over composites of SO 2−4–ZrO 2 mixed or supported onto Al 2O 3 and SiO 2

The addition of Pt over various pure and heterogeneous supports containing zirconia promoted by the SO 2− 4 oxoanion was studied. The supports used were: (i) pure SO 2− 4–ZrO 2; (ii) mechanical mixtures of γ-Al 2O 3 or SiO 2 with SO 2− 4–ZrO 2; and (iii) SO 2− 4–ZrO 2 supported onto γ-Al 2O 3 or SiO 2. Variations in the particle size of SO 2− 4–ZrO 2 and the technique of Pt deposition were performed in order to meet two seemingly contradictory objectives: (i) avoid a harmful physicochemical association of Pt and the SO 2− 4 containing acid function; and (ii) reduce the mean free path between them. For the alumina- or silica-containing catalysts, a selective adsorption technique – based on electrostatic repulsion/attraction between different Pt precursors and the supports – was employed in order to avoid the anchorage of Pt onto sulfated zirconia during impregnation. Supported sulfate–zirconia was synthesized as a means of obtaining highly dispersed small particles of the acidic function. A new method of sulfation with a previous reducing treatment in hydrogen of the sintered and crystalline supported zirconia was found to be superior to the common technique of sulfation of the amorphous dispersed hydroxide. The catalysts were tested in the reaction of hydroisomerization-cracking of n-octane (300°C, 1.5 MPa, WHSV=4 h −1 and molar ratio H 2/ nC 8=6), trying to obtain light branched paraffins. Different reactivities and stabilities were analyzed. Pt deposited on a support obtained by dispersing SO 2− 4–ZrO 2 over SiO 2 and Pt/(SO 2− 4)–ZrO 2/SiO 2, was the most stable catalyst with a high value of conversion. Hydrogenation of benzene was also used for the assessment of the hydrogenation capabilities of the metal function. A strong poisoning of Pt was detected in all sulfated catalysts. The results encourage the use of supported sulfate–zirconia as an alternative to common bulk catalysts. Supported zirconia brings about the possibility of the anchoring of other promoters (in this case Pt) on the free area of the support, to produce new SO 2− 4–ZrO 2 catalysts.

A sub-nanometer structural study of Pt-Rh catalysts supported on Ce doped SiC

In this paper, the HRTEM technique has been applied to the structural study of Pt-Rh catalysts supported on Ce doped SiC. The results on cerium doped active carbon and on cerium doped silicon carbide synthezised before its use as catalyst support are also reported. It was found that the Ce doped SiC catalyst support contains a new compound which is a Ce amorphous phase. The presence of such a compound within the support is thought to have the advantage of contributing to the improvement of the activity of the catalysts. At present, the HRTEM study on reduced Pt-Rh/SiC-Ce catalyst gives direct evidence of a selective association of Pt and Rh metals with the cerium oxide additive. This association, on the one hand, shows that cerium oxide is not inert towards noble metals, and on the other hand, it gives rise to a noble metal—cerium oxide composite to which the reduction is linked. The formation of an active interface, or a buffer oxygen layer which can be defined as a surface that serves as a common boundary between noble metals and cerium oxide, must be then considered in order to interpret the improvement in catalytic activities. After the ageing treatment, some structural changes were observed, particularly the formation a Rh suboxide phase formed by three to four monoatomic layers. Finally, it seems that the main oxidation and reduction processes occur through the active interface where the cerium oxide is easily able to change from cerium plus four (Ce 4+) to cerium plus three (Ce 3+) oxidation state. The metal will act only as a donor or acceptor of electrons. It must be emphasised that the SiC catalyst support showed a high chemical inertia since no structural modifications were observed on the noble metals caused by SiC.

In Vivo and in Vitro binding of platinum to metallothionein

The in vivo binding of platinum to metallothionein (MT) has been observed in rat tissues following injections of the cis and trans isomers of DDP (dichlorodiammine-platinum(II)). Platinum in either cis-DDP or trans-DDP does not directly induce MT; platinum-MT is produced by the replacement of previously bound zinc in the protein. The binding of Pt(II) to MT depends on the availability of SH groups in MT. Preinjection with CdCl 2 significantly enhances the association of Pt(II) with MT fractions compared to the degree of association resulting from injections with either cis-DDP or trans-DDP without CdCl 2 pretreatment. In vitro experiments in which tissue extracts including a known (Cd,Zn)-MT were incubated with either cis-DDP or trans-DDP show that these isomers differ with respect to the transfer of Pt to MT; the equilibrium in both cases was reached when approximately 40% of the available Pt is bound to MT but with this equilibrium value attained in 2 h in the case of trans-DDP and only after 72 h in the case of cis-DDP. Pt-MTs were also formed by a series of incubation steps in which a native MT was used to prepare the apoprotein which was subsequently incubated with either cis-DDP or trans-DDP. Spectrophotometry established that a shoulder occurs at 285 nm for the Pt-MTs resulting from the incubation with either isomer. A competitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay for MT demonstrated that these Pt-MTs had complete cross-reactivity with a native (Cd,Zn)-MT. Gel filtration of tissue extracts after either in vivo or in vitro treatment with DDP showed that Pt was bound to a molecular species with properties characteristic of MT. These results were verified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assays.