Association Of Gene Polymorphisms Research Articles

Abstract B086: Association of breast cancer-relevant DNA repair genes with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in UK Biobank

Abstract Purpose. Several polymorphisms have been described in DNA damage signaling and repair genes and some of the polymorphisms have been implicated in genetic susceptibility to breast cancer. However, there is no consensus result yet for most of these polymorphisms. In this study, we focused on evaluating selected SNPs in BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3, and XPD (ERCC2) genes that have been previously reported to be associated with breast cancer risk and are available in the UK Biobank. Methods. This study included 150,929 postmenopausal women (5,969 with BCa) from UK Biobank, a population-based prospective cohort. Cancer diagnoses were ascertained through the linkage to the UK National Health Service Central Registers. DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from participants at enrollment in UK Biobank. Samples were genotyped using the Applied Biosystems UK BiLEVE Axiom Array or the Applied Biosystems UK Biobank Axiom Array. The positions of markers in the data are in GRCh37 coordinates. SNPs with frequency < 1% in the study population were excluded from analyses. We included the following SNPs in the final analyses: XRCC3-rs861539, BRCA1-rs16942, BRCA1-rs4986852, XRCC1-rs25487, XRCC1-rs25489, XRCC1-rs1799782, XPD (ERCC2)-rs13181, XPD (ERCC2)-rs1799793, XRCC2-rs3218536, ATM-rs1800056, ATM-rs1800057, BRCA2-rs144848, BRCA2-rs4987117, and BRCA2-rs11571833. Information on breast cancer risk factors was collected at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the association between each SNP and breast cancer risk while adjusting for known breast cancer risk factors. The risk estimates were presented as hazard rations (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. The mean age of the study population at enrollment was 60.1 years (range 40-71 years). Heterozygous carriers of BRCA2-rs11571833 T allele were found to have an increased risk of breast cancer (HR=1.22, 95% CI 1.02, 1.46, p-trend = 0.033) compared to the homozygous carriers of the BRCA2-rs11571833 A allele. No other significant associations between other SNPs and breast cancer risk were found. Conclusions. We found a significant association between SNP BRCA2-rs11571833 and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Our findings contribute to the existing evidence on the association of high-risk polymorphisms in DNA damage signaling and repair genes with postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Citation Format: Carmen Smotherman, Brian Sprague, Dejana Braithwaite, Huaizhen Qin, Lusine Yaghjyan. Association of breast cancer-relevant DNA repair genes with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in UK Biobank [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2023 Oct 19-22; San Diego, California. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(3 Suppl_1):Abstract nr B086.

Association of Interleukin-17A and Interleukin-17F Gene Polymorphisms with Atopic Dermatitis in Chinese Children.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease associated with an unbalanced immune response in the upper layers of the skin tissue, mostly starting in childhood. As important factors in gene expression regulation, polymorphisms in interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F may be associated with the susceptibility and severity of AD. Methods: Blood samples and clinical information were obtained from 132 patients with AD and 100 healthy children. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, five potential single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-17A and IL-17F were genotyped in all participants. The relationship between SNPs and susceptibility to or severity of AD was examined by analyzing haplotypes and genetic models. Results: The IL-17A rs3819025 polymorphism was substantially associated with higher AD risk in both the allele model (p = 0.03; odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-2.95) and the dominant model (p = 0.04, OR = 1.85; CI: 1.03-3.33). There was no correlation between AD susceptibility and the IL-17A (rs2275913 and rs4711998) or IL-17F (rs763780 and rs12203736) SNPs (all p > 0.05). Additionally, the five IL-17A and IL-17F SNPs did not significantly differ across the mild-to-moderate and severe subgroups (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: The IL-17A/rs3819025 polymorphism was linked to the development of AD, whereas the IL-17F polymorphism was unrelated to the susceptibility to and severity of AD. The IL-17A polymorphism may provide valuable information to speculate on the susceptibility to AD in Chinese Han children.

Multidrug resistance Gene-1 polymorphisms (C3435T and G2677T) and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease in Egyptian patients

Background and study aimsThe multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene is a gene involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).The aim of the study is to investigate the association of MDR-1 gene polymorphisms (C2345T and G2677T) and IBD incidence in Egyptian patients, and its relation with disease severity. Patients and methodsThis is a case-control study where genotyping of MDR-1 gene C3435T and G2677T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assayed. ResultsForty naïve IBD patients, who were composed of 25 UC and 15CD, were compared to 60 healthy controls. They were young aged with significant female predominance, particularly in CD (P = 0.004). UC was mainly (48 %) presented in moderate severity while CD was mainly (53.3 %) presented with mild severity. MDR-1 gene C3435T SNP was not statistically related to IBD, whether in terms of genotypes or alleles, yet its T allele was significantly related to moderate cases of UC (P = 0.014). However, GG genotype of G2677T SNP was significantly low in IBD (P = 0.013), while TT genotype and T allele were significantly related to CD (P = 0.011, and 0.012 respectively). Moreover, G allele proved to be associated significantly with moderate cases of UC (P = 0.001) and mild cases of CD (P = 0.002). ConclusionsMDR-I gene G2677T SNP GG genotype proved to be protective against IBD, thus may be considered in diagnostic workup of IBD including its severity.

The Association of MLH1 Gene (rs63749795 C>T) Polymorphism with Breast Cancer Suscep-tibility in the Northwest of

The Association of MLH1 Gene (rs63749795 C>T) Polymorphism with Breast Cancer Suscep-tibility in the Northwest of

Association of the MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms with Efficacy and Toxicity of Methotrexate in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Association of the MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms with Efficacy and Toxicity of Methotrexate in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

The association of ABCB1 gene polymorphism with clinical response to carbamazepine monotherapy in patients with epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease but around 30% of patients fail to respond to antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. Genetic variation of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B, member 1 (ABCB1) gene, a drug efflux transporter may infer treatment resistance by decreasing gastrointestinal absorption and preventing AED entry into the brain. This study examined the impact of ABCB1 genetic variants on carbamazepine responsiveness. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood of 104 epileptic patients. Genotyping of 3 ABCB1 variants (c.C3435T, c.G2677T/A and c.C1236T) was undertaken using validated TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Plasma carbamazepine levels were measured at 3 and 6months following the initial dose using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) alongside clinical outcomes evaluation. Nonresponse to carbamazepine (CBZ) was associated significantly with the ABCB1 variants c.C3435T, c.G2677T/A, c.C1236T and TTT, TTC haplotypes (P < 0.05). There was no significant association between variants and plasma CBZ level (P > 0.05). Our results showed that variant alleles of the ABCB1 gene and TTT, TTC haplotypes were significantly associated with CBZ resistance without affecting the plasma level of carbamazepine. The findings of this study may help to predict patient's response to treatment ultimately it will improve the personalized and evidence based treatment choice of patients with epilepsy.

Association of Antihypertensive Drug-Related Gene Polymorphisms with Stroke in the Chinese Hypertensive Population.

Antihypertensive therapy is crucial for preventing stroke in hypertensive patients. However, the efficacy of antihypertensive therapy varies across individuals, partially due to therapy-related genetic variations among individuals. We investigated the association of antihypertensive drug-related gene polymorphism with stroke in patients with hypertension. Demographic information, medication, and outcome data were obtained from a hypertensive patient management system, and a PCR fluorescence probe technique was used to detect 7 gene polymorphic loci (CYP2D6∗10, ADRB1, CYP2C9∗3, AGTR1, ACE, CYP3A5∗3, and NPPA), and these loci were compared between patients with and without stroke. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the association of these genetic variations with stroke risk in hypertensive patients while controlling for potential factors. The prevalence of stroke in the hypertensive population in Changsha County of Hunan Province was 2.75%. The mutation frequencies of ADRB1 (1165G > C), CYP2D6∗10, CYP2C9∗3, AGTR1 (1166A > C), ACE (I/D), NPPA (2238T > C), and CYP3A5∗3 were 74.43%, 57.23%, 4.26%, 5.71%, 31.62%, 1.17%, and 69.58%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that ADRB1 polymorphism was associated with stroke (χ2 = 8.659, P < 0.05), with a higher stroke risk in the CC group than in the GC and GG groups (GC + GG). Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the CC genotype in ADRB1 (vs. the GC + GG genotype) was associated with an increased risk of stroke [odds ratio (OR) = 1.184, P<0.05] in hypertensive patients. No association was observed between CYP2D6∗10, CYP2C9∗3, AGTR1 (1166A > C), ACE (I/D), CYP3A5∗3, and NPPA (2238T > C) polymorphisms and stroke. ADRB1 (1165G > C) gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of stroke in Chinese hypertensive patients. The CC genotype is correlated with a higher risk of stroke than the GC + GG genotype.

Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase rs1801133 Gene Polymorphism with Cancer Risk and Septin 9 Methylation in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

PurposeColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, with a high incidence and mortality worldwide. Methylated Septin 9 (mSEPT9) has been used clinically as an auxiliary tool for CRC screening. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 polymorphism with the risk of CRC and the methylation status of Septin 9 in CRC.MethodsInformation of 540 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CRC and with a physical examination were utilized to assess the association of the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism with CRC and the methylation of SEPT9. MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The commercial Septin 9 Gene Methylation(mSEPT9) Detection Kit was used for plasma SEPT9 methylation analysis.ResultsAmong 540 patients, 61.48% were men and the median age was 54.47 ± 13.14. 65.37% of all colorectal tumors developed in the rectum. 195 patients had negative mSEPT9 methylation, while 345 had positive results. 87 individuals with stage I, 90 with stage II, 287 with stage III, and 76 with stage IV colorectal cancer were included in the sample. The results demonstrated that the positivity rate and degree of methylation of mSEPT9 were remarkably higher in patients with more advanced TNM stages than in those with less advanced stages. The frequencies of the MTHFR rs1801133 CC genotype and allele C carriers in patients with CRC were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). The positivity rate of the mSEPT9 assay was significantly higher among the MTHFR rs1801133 TT genotype and allele T carriers than among the CC and allele C carriers respectively. The MTHFR rs1801133 TT genotype and allele T carriers were positively associated with the methylation of SEPT9 (OR = 3.320, 95% CI 1.485–7.424, P = 0.003 and OR = 1.783, 95% CI 1.056–3.010, P = 0.030, respectively).ConclusionIn conclusion, individuals harboring the MTHFR rs1801133 CC genotype had a higher risk of CRC and the MTHFR rs1801133 TT carriers were more susceptible to Septin 9 gene methylation.

Association of NPC1L1 and HMGCR gene polymorphisms with coronary artery calcification in patients with premature triple-vessel coronary disease

BackgroundCoronary artery calcification (CAC) is a highly specific marker of atherosclerosis. Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) are the therapeutic targets of ezetimibe and statins, respectively, which are important for the progression of atherosclerosis. However, CAC’s genetic susceptibility with above targets is still unknown. We aimed to investigate the association of NPC1L1 and HMGCR gene polymorphisms with CAC in patients with premature triple-vessel disease (PTVD).MethodsFour single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs11763759, rs4720470, rs2072183, rs2073547) of NPC1L1, and three SNPs (rs12916, rs2303151, rs4629571) of HMGCR were genotyped in 872 PTVD patients. According to the coronary angiography results, patients were divided into low-degree CAC group and high-degree CAC group.ResultsA total of 872 PTVD patients (mean age, 47.71 ± 6.12; male, 72.8%) were finally included for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between the SNPs of NPC1L1 and HMGCR genes and high-degree CAC in the total population (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis by gender revealed that the variant genotype (TT/CT) of rs4720470 on NPC1L1 gene was associated with increased risk for high-degree CAC in male patients only (OR = 1.505, 95% CI: 1.008–2.249, P = 0.046) in dominant model, but no significant association was found in female population, other SNPs of NPC1L1 and HMGCR genes (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsWe reported for the first time that the rs4720470 on NPC1L1 gene was associated with high-degree CAC in male patients with PTVD. In the future, whether therapies related to this target could reduce CAC and cardiovascular events deserves further investigation.

Association of CCR2 gene polymorphism with chronic kidney disease in the North Indian population

Association of CCR2 gene polymorphism with chronic kidney disease in the North Indian population

Association of MAOA Gene Polymorphisms with aggressive behaviors of some prisoners in Erbil city / Kurdistan region, Iraq

Association of MAOA Gene Polymorphisms with aggressive behaviors of some prisoners in Erbil city / Kurdistan region, Iraq

Association of SOX6 gene polymorphisms with Kashin-Beck disease risk in the Chinese Han population.

Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic osteochondropathy. A specific gene called SRY-box transcription factor 6 (SOX6) is important for forming cartilage. This study aims to explore the potential correlation between SOX6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and KBD risk for the first time. In the case-control study, 735 unrelated Chinese Han individuals were enrolled. The four mutation sites of the SOX6 gene (rs4539287 G/A, rs3203295 C/A, rs7928675 C/A, and rs10832681 A/G) were screened and genotyped on the Agena MassARRAY platform. The correlation between SOX6 SNPs and KBD risk was explored based on logistic regression analysis. The interaction between SNP and SNP was analyzed based on the multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. Overall analysis revealed a remarkable correlation between rs7928675 and rs10832681 and the reduction of KBD risk (p < 0.05). Subgroup analyses further indicated that these two SNPs have a significant protective effect on KBD risk among participants aged ≤65 years, males, and non-smokers (p < 0.05). MDR displayed a marked interaction between rs3203295 and rs10832681. Our study revealed that SOX6 rs7928675 and rs10832681 are markedly correlated with a reduced risk of KBD in the Chinese Han population, providing a new direction for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of KBD.

Association of MBL2 gene polymorphisms and MBL levels with dilated cardiomyopathy in a Chinese Han population

BackgroundIt has been reported that Mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) gene polymorphisms and expression levels are related to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study aimed to investigate the potential association between MBL2 gene polymorphisms and the pathogenesis of DCM.MethodsFive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MBL2 gene were genotyped in 440 DCM patients and 532 controls in Southwest China. A luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the transcriptional activity the different genotypes. MBL serum levels, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and lower left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were measured.ResultsThe rs11003125 C allele increased the transcriptional activity of the MBL2 promoter compared with the rs11003125 G allele. The rs11003125 CC carriers had higher MBL serum levels, LVEF and LVEDD than the rs11003125 CG and GG carriers.ConclusionsOur study first revealed that MBL2 polymorphisms and serum MBL levels were associated with DCM. Allele C in rs11003125 of MBL2 may upregulate the expression levels of MBL. High serum MBL levels may be a protective factor in DCM pathogenesis.

The association of TLR4 gene polymorphisms with the severity of peritonitis in acute inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity organs.

Aim: To determine the role of TLR4 gene polymorphisms as risk factors for peritonitis severity in patients undergoing surgery for acute inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity. Materials and Methods: The study included 139 patients who were operated on for acute abdominal diseases (acute appendicitis and cholecystitis, perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer, etc.). Depending on the number of points on the modified APACHE II scale, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 - 1-3 points (63 patients, 45.3%) and Group 2 - 4 or more points (76 patients, 54.7%). Polymorphisms rs1927911, rs2149356 and rs4986790 were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The rs1927911 polymorphism of the TLR4 gene was protective for the development of peritonitis (according to the allelic model, OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.27-0.84; p=0.015). Regression analysis revealed a reduced (p=0.015) risk of severe peritonitis in rs1927911 A/A or G/A genotype carriers (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.21-0.84) compared with G/G genotype carriers. There was no effect on the severity of peritonitis of TLR4 polymorphisms rs2149356 and rs4986790. There was a tendency to increase the frequency of the mutant G rs4986790 allele in patients with severe peritonitis (χ2=2.17; p<0.001). The analysis of the association of TLR4 gene polymorphisms with the phenotype of patients showed that carriers of mutant homozygotes and heterozygotes in the presence of severe peritonitis were older, had a tendency to coagulopathy, higher leukocytosis and leukocyte clotting rate. Conclusions: Thus, the importance of TLR in the development of severe peritonitis was confirmed and the protective role of the rs1927911 promoter polymorphism was established.

Ispitivanje povezanosti polimorfizma u genu za interleukin 6 sa nastankom cerebralne paralize kod dece sa hipoksično-ishemijskom encefalopatijom na rođenju

Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most common neurologic diseases in children and an important cause of cerebral palsy (CP). It is a permanent, non-progressive motor disorder that results in a delay in psychomotor development. Brain damage is followed by the activation of the immune system, and increased cytokine concentration in the plasma. Cytokines are circulating soluble proteins, mediators of communication for immune cells. The main biological activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the stimulation of the liver to produce acute-phase proteins. Aim: The frequency of genotypes and alleles of the IL-6 gene polymorphism will be determined, analyzing the possible connection between IL-6 gene polymorphism and the onset of CP. Material and methods: This study involved 117 newborns who were treated in the Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth and the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade. Data was collected for each patient regarding their gender, gestational age, birth weight and Apgar score. Genotyping of rs1800795 in the IL-6 gene was performed by real-time PCR using a standardized TaqMan SNP assay. The difference in frequency of genotypes and alleles was analyzed by the X2 test. Results: The frequencies of genotypes in patients with CP were: 86.5% for GC + GG and 13.5% for CC, and in patients without CP were: 84.6% for GG + GC and 15.4% for CC. The frequency of alleles in patients with CP for G allele was 63.5% and for C allele 36.5%. In the group without CP, 56.2% had G allele and 43.8% C allele. No statistical significance has been demonstrated. Conclusion: No connection between IL-6 gene polymorphism with the development of cerebral palsy in newborns diagnosed with HIE at birth was demonstrated.

Association of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Gene Polymorphism with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Iranian Patients

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating disease with unknown pathogenesis. Recent studies indicated that pathogen recognition receptors such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may have a role in the pathogenesis of MS. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of rs1927911 polymorphism in the TLR4 gene with MS. Methods: Four hundred subjects, including 200 MS patients and 200 healthy individuals, were recruited for the study. Patients were included secondary-progressive, primary-progressive, and relapsing-remitting subtypes. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to identify rs1927911 genotypes in the TLR4 gene. Results: The mean age of the healthy and MS groups was 34.22 ± 1.3 and 33.2 ± 0.98, respectively. The frequency of TT, TC, and CC was 29/52, 132/128, and 39/20, respectively, in MS compared to healthy controls. Genotype and allele distributions were significantly different between both the groups (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, TC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.849, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.105–3.095, P = 0.019) and CC (OR = 3.497, 95% CI = 1.728–7.076, P = 0.001) genotypes had increased the risk of MS. Conclusion: Our findings showed a significant relationship between rs1927911 polymorphism in the TLR4 gene and MS. We concluded that rs1927911 genotype variations may increase the risk of MS. Further studies in other populations are recommended to support our findings.

Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population.

Sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (sTAAD) is a complicated vascular disease with a high mortality rate. And its genetic basis has not been fully explored. Here, 122 sTAAD patients and 98 healthy individuals were recruited, and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected and analyzed (FBN1 rs10519177, rs1036477, rs2118181, MYH11 rs115364997, rs117593370, TGFβ1 rs1800469, TGFβ2 rs900, TGFβR2 rs764522, rs1036095, and rs6785385). Moreover, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate gene-environment interactions. We identified that TGFβR2 rs1036095 dominant model CC + CG genotype (GT) (P = 0.004) may be a factor of increased risk of sTAAD, especially for women. FBN1 rs1036477 recessive model AA GT (P = 0.009) and FBN1 rs2118181 dominant model CC + CT GT (P = 0.009) were correlated to an increased death rate in sTAAD men patients. Gene-environment interactions indicated TGFβR2 rs1036095 dominant model (CC + CG)/GG to be a higher-risk factor for sTAAD (odds ratio = 3.255; 95% confidence interval: 1.324-8.000, P = 0.01). TGFβR2 rs1036095, FBN1 rs1036477, and FBN1 rs2118181 were identified as factors of increased risk of sTAAD. Gene-environment interactions were associated with the risk of sTAAD.

Pharmacogenetics: Influence of CYP2C9*2 and *3 alleles polymorphisms on Iraqi type 2 diabetic patients

Abstract Background: Sulfonylureas (SUs) are the most prescribed anti-diabetic drugs. The enzyme responsible for metabolizing of SUs is hepatic cytochrome P4502C9 (CYP2C9). The CYP2C9 gene has numerous allelic variations; among those, the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 are the most common and clinically significant allelic variations. The pharmacokinetics of SUs are dramatically impacted by CYP2C9 genotype. Objective: Evaluation of the association of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C9 gene with the efficacy of glibenclamide (GB), second-generation SUs, by investigating two CYP2C9 allelic variants. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 113 type 2 diabetes patients. Allele specific amplification-polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype the CYP2C9 gene. Fasting serum glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured as part of the biochemical analysis. Results: The CYP2C9 gene variants were analyzed in a study group. The results exposed that 75 patients carried the wild (CYP2C9*1/*1) genotype, 25 were heterozygote allele (CYP2C9*1/*2) for CYP2C9*2 gene, 4 were homozygous for the variant CYP2C9*2 allele (CYP2C9*2/*2), and 9 were heterozygous for the variant CYP2C9*3 allele (CYP2C9*1/*3). Statistically significant difference was found in mean HbA1c between the mutant and wild alleles group (P = 0.044). The mean HbA1c for those carrying the CYP2C9*2 and*3 alleles (n = 38) was 8.4750 compared to 9.3177 for those carrying the CYP2C9*1 allele (n = 75), which indicate better glycemic control. Conclusion: The accordance of CYP2C9*2 and*3 was found to be associated with severe hypoglycemia (odd ratio [OR] = 2.045). The OR suggests a strong association between CYP2C9*2 and*3 alleles and hypoglycemia. Our findings imply that the diabetic patients with CYP2C9 polymorphism are more likely to suffer hypoglycemia than those with wild type alleles when treated with GB.

Association of polymorphisms in CAPN1 and CAST genes with the meat tenderness of Creole cattle

Association of polymorphisms in CAPN1 and CAST genes with the meat tenderness of Creole cattle

Association of Cytokine Gene Polymorphism with Susceptibility of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Association of Cytokine Gene Polymorphism with Susceptibility of Ankylosing Spondylitis