Association Of Oral Microbiome Research Articles

Association of Oral Microbiome With Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Population Study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2012.

Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the oral microbiome are associated with oropharyngeal cancer. However, population-based data on the association of oral microbiome with oral HPV infection are limited. A cross-sectional analysis of 5496 20-59-year-old participants in the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was performed. Associations with oral HPV infection were assessed using multivariable logistic regression for oral microbiome α-diversity (within-sample diversity), and using principal coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance for β-diversity (between-sample heterogeneity). Overall, for α-diversity, a lower number of observed amplicon sequence variants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.996; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .992-.999) and reduced Faith's phylogenetic diversity (aOR = 0.95; 95% CI = .90-.99) were associated with high-risk oral HPV infection. β-diversity showed differentiation of oral microbiome community by high-risk oral HPV infection as measured by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (R2 = 0.054%; P = .029) and unweighted UniFrac distance (R2 = 0.046%; P = .045). There were differential associations when stratified by sex. Both oral microbiome α-diversity and β-diversity were marginally associated with oral HPV infection. Longitudinal studies are needed to characterize the role of the microbiome in the natural history of oral HPV infection.

A Commentary on the Potential Use of Oral Microbiome in Prediction, Diagnosis or Prognostics of a Distant Pathology.

In health, the oral microbiome is in balance with its host. If this balance is lost, this symbiosis is replaced by dysbiotic microbial communities, which are thought to affect the rest of the body either directly or via metabolites or pro-inflammatory molecules. The association of oral microbiome with general health has led to attempts to use oral microbial biomarkers for the prediction, diagnosis or prognosis of distant pathologies such as colorectal carcinoma or pancreatic cancer. These attempts however have no chance to succeed if the complexity of the oral ecosystem and the interplay of environmental, behavioral and biological factors is not taken into account. Standardized, well-documented oral sample collection procedures together with detailed clinical oral examination and behavioral data are the prerequisites for the successful evaluation of the oral microbiome as a potential biomarker for distant pathologies.

Association of oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Oral microbiota reported to be associated with pancreatic diseases, including pancreatic cancer. However, the association of oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer has not been reviewed systematically.Objectives:To systematically investigate the association between the oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer risk.Design:A systematic review and meta-analysis.Data Sources and Methods:Systemic searches were conducted using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases without any language restriction from conception to August 29, 2020. The studies that evaluated the association of oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer risk were included in this meta-analysis.Results:The six included studies encompassed a total of 863 pancreatic cancer cases and 906 controls. Four studies reported the overall oral microbiome in pancreatic cancer cases. A total of 12–17 species/clusters were correlated with pancreatic cancer. Three studies reported the odds ratios (ORs) or relative abundance of several oral microbiomes pieces/clusters, and the majority were associated with pancreatic cancer.Conclusions:Overall, this study supports the hypothesis of associations of variations of patients’ oral microbiota to pancreatic cancer. Nonetheless, due to all included studies were conducted in USA or Europe, additional original studies and meta-analysis particular studies from other countries are essential for an in-depth investigation into the role of oral bacteria in pancreatic cancer.

Association of Oral Microbiome With Risk for Incident Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer

Case-control studies show a possible relationship between oral bacteria and head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Prospective studies are needed to examine the temporal relationship between oral microbiome and subsequent risk of HNSCC. To prospectively examine associations between the oral microbiome and incident HNSCC. This nested case-control study was carried out in 2 prospective cohort studies: the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II) and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). Among 122 004 participants, 129 incident patient cases of HNSCC were identified during an average 3.9 years of follow-up. Two controls per patient case (n = 254) were selected through incidence density sampling, matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and time since mouthwash collection. All participants provided mouthwash samples and were cancer-free at baseline. Oral microbiome composition and specific bacterial abundances were determined through bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall oral microbiome composition and specific taxa abundances were compared for the case group and the control group, using PERMANOVA and negative binomial generalized linear models, respectively, controlling for age, sex, race, cohort, smoking, alcohol, and oral human papillomavirus-16 status. Taxa with a 2-sided false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P-value (q-value) <.10 were considered significant. Incident HNSCC. The study included 58 patient cases from CPS-II (mean [SD] age, 71.0 [6.4] years; 16 [27.6%] women) and 71 patient cases from PLCO (mean [SD] age, 62.7 [4.8] years; 13 [18.3%] women). Two controls per patient case (n = 254) were selected through incidence density sampling, matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and time since mouthwash collection. Head and neck squamous cell cancer cases and controls were similar with respect to age, sex, and race. Patients in the case group were more often current tobacco smokers, tended to have greater alcohol consumption (among drinkers), and to be positive for oral carriage of papillomavirus-16. Overall microbiome composition was not associated with risk of HNSCC. Greater abundance of genera Corynebacterium (fold change [FC], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.80; q = .06) and Kingella (FC, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.86; q = .08) were associated with decreased risk of HNSCC, potentially owing to carcinogen metabolism capacity. These findings were consistent for both cohorts and by cohort follow-up time. The observed relationships tended to be stronger for larynx cancer and for individuals with a history of tobacco use. This study demonstrates that greater oral abundance of commensal Corynebacterium and Kingella is associated with decreased risk of HNSCC, with potential implications for cancer prevention.

Abstract 4931: Prospective study of oral microbiome and colorectal cancer risk in low-income and African American populations

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in both men and women worldwide, and the third leading cause of cancer death in the USA. Recent research suggests that oral microbiome may play important roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and other chronic diseases. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Southern Community Cohort Study to investigate the association of oral microbiome with subsequent risk of developing CRC. This study included 231 incident CRC cases and 462 controls individually matched on age, race, smoking, alcohol drinking, season-of-study enrollment and recruitment method, with ~74% subjects of African descent. The V4 region of 16S rRNA gene of the pre-diagnostic mouth rinse samples was deeply sequenced. Sequencing data were processed using QIIME and sequence reads were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). In total, 11 phyla, 73 families and 134 genera were observed from study samples, and only 5 phyla, 12 families and 11 genera showed relative abundance &amp;gt;1%. Multiple bacteria taxa showed significant associations with CRC risk at P &amp;lt;0.05. Notably, within the phylum Firmicutes, four genera were associated with increased risk of CRC, including Peptococcus, Ruminococcaceae_ [G-1], Clostridiales_[F-1][G-1], and Mollicutes_[G-2], with ORs (95% CIs) being 1.34(1.11-1.63), 1.20(1.01-1.44), 1.44(1.07-1.92), and 2.24(1.38-3.63), respectively. Multiple taxa within other phyla were also associated with increased risk of CRC, such as the family Bifidobacteriaceae within phylum Actinobacteria with OR (95% CI) being 1.31(1.08-1.61), and genus Lautropia within phylum Proteobacteria with OR (95% CI) being 1.23(1.02-1.48), and phylum SR1 with OR (95% CI) being 1.27(1.07-1.52). We also found that the phylum Firmicutes and the species sp. Oral taxon 070, which belongs to the genus Streptococcus, were associated with decreased risk of CRC, with ORs (95% CIs) being 0.79(0.65-0.96) and 0.77(0.63-0.93), respectively. Most of these associations were observed among both African- and European- Americans. None of the associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, which may be conservative. The tests were not independent because the higher-level taxa is an aggregate of lower-level taxa. In addition, most taxa showed low relative abundance and prevalence and we have low statistical power to investigate them. Conclusion: Our study suggested that multiple bacteria taxa may be associated with risk of CRC, and raised the possibility that the oral microbiome may play an important role in CRC etiology. Citation Format: Yaohua Yang, Qiuyin Cai, Xiao Ou Shu, William J Blot, Wei Zheng, Jirong Long. Prospective study of oral microbiome and colorectal cancer risk in low-income and African American populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4931. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4931

Association of oral microbiome with type 2 diabetes risk.

The oral microbiome may help to maintain systemic health, including how it affects blood glucose levels; however, direct evidence linking the oral microbiome with diabetes is lacking. We compared the oral microbiome profiles of 98 participants with incident diabetes, 99 obese non-diabetics and 97 normal weight non-diabetics, via deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. We found that the phylum Actinobacteria was present significantly less abundant among patients with diabetes than among the controls (p = 3.9 × 10-3 ); the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.27 (0.11-0.66) for those individuals who had relative abundance higher than the median value. Within this phylum, five families and seven genera were observed, and most of them were less abundant among patients with diabetes. Notably, genera Actinomyces and Atopobium were associated with 66% and 72% decreased risk of diabetes with p-values of 8.9 × 10-3 and 7.4 × 10-3 , respectively. Stratified analyses by race showed that most taxa in this phylum were associated with diabetes in both black and white participants. This phylum was also less abundant among non-diabetic obese subjects compared to normal weight individuals, particularly genera Mobiluncus, Corynebacterium and Bifidobacterium, which showed p < 0.05. Our study revealed that multiple bacteria taxa in the phylum Actinobacteria are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Some are also associated with the prevalence of obesity, suggesting that the oral microbiome may play an important role in diabetes etiology.

Abstract 3455: Association of oral microbiome with lung cancer risk: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The lungs are inhabited by diverse microbial communities. Bacterial infection in the lungs, such as a history of pneumonia and tuberculosis, has been associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Recent studies have found that the oral microbiome is the primary source of the bacterial microbiota in the lungs and that the bacterial species detected in the lungs overlap those found in the mouth. Therefore, readily-accessible oral samples may be used to investigate the role of bacteria in lung cancer etiology. In this study, we evaluated the association of the oral microbiome with subsequent risk of developing lung cancer. We conducted a nested case-control study using resources of the Southern Community Cohort Study, a well-characterized prospective cohort study of approximately 86,000 adult men and women, two-thirds of whom are African American. DNA was isolated from pre-diagnostic mouth rinse samples of 177 lung cancer cases and 177 controls matched on age, race, sex, smoking, and date of sample collection. The V4 domain of microbial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Sequencing libraries were prepared using the NEXTflex 16S V4 Amplicon-Seq Kit and sequenced with paired-end 150 bp using Illumina MiSeq. Sequencing data were processed using QIIME, and sequence reads were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). On average, 82,254 sequencing reads were obtained for each sample. Duplicated quality control samples (n = 18; 2 samples each repeated for 9 times) showed very similar microbiome compositions, indicating high data quality. A total of 693 OTUs were observed and classified to 11 phyla. The observed composition was similar to the oral microbiome data from other studies, including the Human Microbiome Project. Multiple oral bacteria differed between lung cancer cases and controls. For example, Order CW040 was associated with increased lung cancer risk with OR of 3.64 (P = 0.0098). Family Tissierellaceae and Genus Parvimonas were associated with decreased risk of lung cancer with ORs of 0.42 (P = 0.0025) and 0.41 (P = 0.0014), respectively. Some of the associations differed by race. Among the lung cancer-associated oral bacteria, Family Fusobacteriaceae, Family Neisseriaceae, and Order Bacteroidales were among the most abundant bacteria found in the lungs. In summary, our study suggests that certain bacteria in the mouth are associated with substantial development of lung cancer and that the oral microbiome plays an important role in lung cancer etiology. Further studies with a larger sample size and with more comprehensive investigation are needed to confirm these findings. Citation Format: Qiuyin Cai, Jirong Long, Hua Xie, Xiaofei Wang, Jie Wu, Regina Courtney, Xiao Ou Shu, Wei Zheng, William J. Blot. Association of oral microbiome with lung cancer risk: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3455.