Association Of Official Analytical Chemists Research Articles

Komparativna studija sastava i funkcionalnih osobina brašna od trolisnih varijeteta yama

The effect of drying methods on proximate composition and functional properties of Trifoliate Yam were investigated. The sample was dried using sun and oven drying methods. The dried sample were later milled and sieved with standard sieve for effective results. Association of Official Analytical Chemist (A.O.A.C) standard methods were used to determine the functional properties and proximate analysis of Trifoliate Yam flour sample. The results indicated that nutritional composition showed a high level of protein, carbohydrates (dietary fibre) for Oven dried sample while the high level of fat were noticed at Sun dried sample which are essential for man and livestock. The functional properties showed that these Trifoliate Yam displayed diverse functional characteristics. From the studies it is believe that the Trifoliate Yam flour have both great nutritional and functional values which could be used to meet the nutritional needs of the populace. Therefore, when functional properties and proximate composition of the sample are concerned the Oven drying method give a better functional and nutritional values. The ANOVA showed that Oven drying had significant effect on the functional properties and proximate composition across the specie tested.

Chromatographic profile and bioactive compounds found in the composition of pupunha oil (Bactris gasipaes Kunth): implications for human health

ABSTRACT Objective The presence of dietary bioactive compounds in the human diet becomes a major factor in combating the etiology of different pathologies. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the fatty acids profile, cardiovascular functionality indices, bioactive compounds and spectroscopic pattern of peach palm oil (pupunha oil) and their impact on human health. Methods The oil was obtained by soxhlet extraction; the oil yield and qualities were determined according to the standards of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. For the fatty acids profile, the practical recommendations of the American Oil Chemists’ Society and of the International Organization for Standardization were followed. Total carotenoids and polyphenols were determined by spectrophotometry; the composition of the chemical groups was determined by infrared spectroscopy. The anti-atherogenic, antithrombogenic and hypocholesterolemic indices were obtained using mathematical models. Results The results showed good quality oil based on acid and peroxyde indices (2.45±0.33mg KOH g-1 and 5.47±1.05mEq kg-1). The main fruit bioactive compound was β-carotene (832.4±0.64µg/100g). The chromatographic profile showed a high saturated fatty acid content (53.74%); unsaturated (46.25%); fats were monounsaturated (39.66%) and polyunsaturated (6.59%). The antiatherogenic, antithrombogenic and hypocholesterolemic indices were, on average, 1.10, 2.04 and 0.84, respectively. The spectroscopic profile exhibited bands with variation from 2918.8cm-1 to 714cm-1. Conclusion The results indicate that the consumption of isolated lipid content of the pupunha palm oil provides health protection with emphasis on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

1, 1,2*, 3*

There are increasing incidences of obesity, cardiovascular and other dietary related diseases as a result of the crave for ready-to-eat and processed foods. These foods lack adequate dietary fiber which contributes to these diseases. This study investigated the effects of “niri” chaffs (raw and roasted) as an extender on the nutritional, physiochemical, sensory and economics of beef sausages. All treatments were randomly assigned to minced beef by a completely randomized design. Raw and roasted “niri” chaffs were incorporated at 0, 5, 15 and 25% to minced beef. The Association of Official Analytical Chemist and the British Standard Institutes procedures were used to determine the proximate and sensory characteristics of the beef sausages, respectively. The results revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in some of the parameters determined. Raw and roasted “niri” chaffs extended beef sausages (extended products) generally had an improved (p<0.05) effect on fat (1.5-3.28%), ash (1.31-2.19%) and carbohydrate (2.06-20.81%) contents as compared to control. A decline (p<0.05) was observed in moisture content of beef sausages (62.34-21.52%) by the treatment of raw and roasted “niri” chaffs as compared to control. The protein contents of RaC 5% and RaC 15% (5% and 15% raw “niri” chaff beef sausages, respectively) were better (p<0.05) than the rests of the products. Extended products exhibited significantly (p<0.05) high calcium, iron and magnesium than control products; while potassium and zinc contents of beef sausages were improved by the treatment of 5% raw “niri” chaff than the control. pH values of products were in the range of 5.76-6.00. Raw chaffs extended products had higher grilling loss (5.4-25%) than roasted products (4-13.95%). Lipid peroxidation values showed that all “niri” chaffs extended products had exceedingly high (p<0.05) values than the control within the storage period with raw products being the most affected. The formulation cost saw an average cost reduction of Ghȼ (Ghanaian Cedi) 2.25 using raw and roasted “niri” chaffs for the sausages. This study reveals that raw and roasted “niri” chaffs have the potential for use as an extender in beef sausages.

Evaluation of the GENE-UP®Cronobacter Method for the Detection of Cronobacter Species in Select Foods and Environmental Surfaces: Collaborative Study, First Action 2019.01.

The GENE-UP®Cronobacter assay (Performance Tested MethodSM 081801) is a real-time PCR technology for the rapid detection of Cronobacter species in select foods and environmental surfaces. The purpose of this validation was to evaluate the method's interlaboratory performance and submit the result to AOAC INTERNATIONAL for adoption as a First Action Official MethodSM for the detection of Cronobacter species in select foods and environmental surfaces. The GENE-UP method was evaluated in a multilaboratory study as part of the AFNOR NF VALIDATION certification process (NF102) following ISO 16140-2:2016 using unpaired test portions for one food matrix, reconstituted infant formula containing probiotics. The candidate method was compared to the ISO 22964:2017 reference method. Sixteen participants from fifteen laboratories throughout the European Union participated. Three levels of contamination were evaluated: a noninoculated control level (0 CFU/target test portion), a low contamination level (approximately 2 CFU/target test portion), and a high contamination level (approximately 10 CFU/target test portion). Data from that study were analyzed according to the probability of detection (POD) statistical model as presented in the AOAC validation guidelines. The difference in laboratory POD (dLPODC) values with 95% confidence intervals across collaborators was calculated for each level between the candidate and reference method results and between the candidate presumptive and confirmed results. The dLPODC values with 95% confidence intervals were 0.00 (-0.03, 0.03), -0.08 (-0.19, 0.02), and 0.00 (-0.03, 0.03) for the noninoculated, low, and high contamination levels, respectively. The dLPODC results indicate no significant difference between the candidate method and the reference method or between presumptive and confirmed results for all three levels of contamination. The GENE-UP Cronobacter assay provides industry with a rapid, easy to use method for the rapid detection of Cronobacter in a wide range of products and environmental samples.

Proceedings of the 4th and 5th Annual Conferences of the India Section of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, New Delhi, India.

Proceedings of the 4th and 5th Annual Conferences of the India Section of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, New Delhi, India.

The effect of mixed bacterial inoculant on the microbial population and aerobic stability of lucerne and maize balage

1. AOAC International, 2000. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 17th Edition. Gaithersburg, MD (USA). Google Scholar

Determination of 10-Hydroxy-2-Decenoic Acid Content – a Marker in Several Commercial Royal Jelly Products Collected in Vietnam

The optimized capillary electrophoresis (CE) was applied to separate and detect the 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HAD) in royal jelly products. The method only requires that the sample solution need to be centrifuged and filtered before analyzed by the home-made capillary electrophoresis system. Firstly, 10-HDA was separated in a fused silica column with a diameter of 50 um using 20 mM Tris/Acetic buffer (pH 8.5) as a background electrolyte and a separation voltage of -17kV. Then, 10-HDA was detected by capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) with the migration time less than 8 minutes. Nine commercial products of royal jelly with Vietnamese and imported origin including pure royal jelly cream, lyophilized royal jelly (powder and gel) and honey with royal jelly were collected for analysis. The results of this study showed that content of 10-HDA were detected in the range of 0.5 mg/g to 23.1 mg/g. Using paired t test showed that the difference between results obtained from CE-C4D method and from HPLC method as a reference method was not statistically significant.&#x0D; Keywords: 10-HDA, royal jelly products, CE-C4D.&#x0D; References&#x0D; &#x0D; [1] M. Viuda Martos, Y. Ruiz Navajas, J. Fernández López, J.A. Pérez Álvarez, Functional properties of honey, propolis, and royal jelly”, Journal of food science 73 (2007) 117-124. https://doi:10.1111/j. 1750-3841.2008.00966.x.[2] M.F. Ramadan, A. Al-Ghamdi, Bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of royal jelly: A review, Journal of Functional Foods 4 (2012) 39- 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff. 2011. 12.007.[3] Dimitrios Kanelis, Chrysoula Tananaki, Vasilis Liolios, Maria Dimou, Georgios Goras, Maria Anna Rodopoulou, Emmanuel Karazafris, and Andreas Thrasyvoulou, A suggestion for royal jelly specifcations, Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 66 (2015) 275-284. Https://doi: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2651.[4] Brazil Ministério Da Agricultura e Do Abaste Imento. Secretaria De Defesa Agropecuária. Instrução normativa nº3, de 19 de janeiro de 2001. Regulamento técnico para fxação de identidade e qualidade de geléia real, Regulamento técnico para fxação de identidade e qualidade de geléia real liofilizada. Http:// www.engetecno.com.br/port/ legislacao/mel_geleia_real.htm.[5] Mahmut Genc¸ Abdurrahman Aslan, Determination of trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content in pure royal jelly and royal jelly products by column liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A. 839 (1999) 265 – 268. Http://doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00151-x.[6] F. Ferioli, E. Armaforte, M.F. Caboni, Comparison of the Lipid Content, Fatty Acid Profile and Sterol Composition in Local Italian and Commercial Royal Jelly Samples” Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 91(2014) 875-884. Http://doi. org/10.1007/s11746-014-2446-x.[7] J. Kim, J. Lee, Quantitative analysis of trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in royal jelly products purchased in USA by high performance liquid chromatography”, Journal of Apicultural Science, 54 (2010) 77-85. Https://pdfs.semanticscholar. org/e85f/dfc1823d778a40c ca2eefa4be8ba4b4d98 6c.pdf.[8] C.I. Pavel, L.A. Mărghitaş, D.S. Dezmirean, L.I. Tomoş, V. Bonta, A. Şapcaliu, A. Buttstedt, Comparison between local and commercial royal jelly-use of antioxidant activity and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid as quality parameter”, Journal of Apicultural Research 53 (2014) 116-123. https:// doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.53.1.12.[9] Mahmut Genc¸ Abdurrahman Aslan, Determination of trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content in pure royal jelly and royal jelly products by column liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 839 (1999) 265 – 268. Https://doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00151-x.[10] Jinhui Zhou, Xiaofeng Xue, Yi Li, Jinzhen Zhang and Jing Zhao, Optimized determination method for trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content in royal jelly by high-performance liquid chromatography with an internal standard, Journal of AOAC International, 90(2007) 244-249. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17373456.[11] Federico Ferioli, Gian Luigi Marcazzan, Maria Fiorenza Caboni, Determination of (E)-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content in pure royal jelly: A comparison between a new CZE method and HPLC”, J. Sep. Sci .30 (2007) 1061-1069. Http://doi:10.1002/jssc.200600416.[12] Orlando Muñoz, Susana Decap, Francisco Ruiz, José Arbildua, Octavio Monasterio, Determination of 10- hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in royal jelly by capillary electrophoresis, J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 56 (2010) 738-740. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717 97072011000300004.

Comparative Evaluation of the Nutritive, Mineral, and Antinutritive Composition of Musa sinensis L. (Banana) and Musa paradisiaca L. (Plantain) Fruit Compartments.

Banana and plantain contribute significantly to food security and amelioration of malnutrition, earning their status as staples in several localities of tropical and sub-tropical regions. The distribution of metabolites within the various parts also remains as a key essential to their nutritive and therapeutic potential. This study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional and mineral composition of the flesh, peel, and peel extract components of Musa sinensis L. and Musa paradisiaca L. fruits as well as their nutritional and therapeutic potentials. Proximate and antinutritional analyses were carried out using standard analytical methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), while the mineral constituents were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Proximate analysis revealed that the flesh and peel of M. sinensis L. and M. paradisiaca L. contain substantial amounts of moisture, fiber, carbohydrates, and low fat content, while minerals K, Mg, Ca, Na, P, and N were substantially concentrated in the peels and peel extracts in particular. The antinutrients alkaloid, oxalate, saponin, and phytate were detected in safe amounts according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The study points out that the peel and its derivative extract, as well as the flesh of M. sinensis L. and M. paradisiaca L. are to be put to more relevant human nutritional and therapeutic use.

Evaluation of Pollen and Chemical Composition of Honey Samples Sourced from Open Markets in Anambra State, Nigeria to Ascertain their Authenticity

Aims: To ascertain the predominant honey plants that served as major sources of nectar and or pollen to the honeybees and to determine the quantitative presence of some physico-chemical components of the honey samples.&#x0D; Study Design: The honey samples were collected from the various locations based on purposive sampling.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The samples were collected from seven towns in three Local Government Areas of Anambra State as follows; Ukpor, Usumenyi and Ezinifite (Nnewi South LGA), Nnokwa, Alor and Nnobi (Idemmili South LGA) and Ezinifite (Aguata LGA) between January and April, 2013.&#x0D; Methodology: The honey samples were dissolved in warm (40ºC) acidified water and subsequently subjected to acetolysis treatment. The recovered residues were suspended in glycerol-alcohol mixture in vials from where samples were collected for routine pollen count and identification. The chemical analysis was carried out according to the analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists with four replicates. The pollen data were converted to percentage, while data from chemical parameters were converted to mean and standard deviation.&#x0D; Results: A total of 67 pollen types belonging to 39 families were identified. The honey samples were grouped into two based on the botanical origin: three monofloral and four polyfloral honeys. The predominant honey plants include Hymenocardia acida, Combtretaceae/Melastomataceae, Lannea sp., Alchornea cordifolia and Phyllanthus muellerianus. The chemical analysis showed that the values of all the parameters (moisture, pH, Sucrose, Protein, Hydroxymethyl furfural, etc) tested were within the acceptable limits of international honey standard. However, the sum of glucose and fructose in three honey samples did not meet the 60g/100g recommended as minimum limit for blossom honeys.&#x0D; Conclusion: The chemical analysis showed that the honey samples contained acceptable standard concentrations of all the physicochemical parameters (such as HMF, protein, moisture, sucrose, etc.) tested with exception of the sum of glucose and fructose which did not meet the standard in some samples. The predominant honey plants that served as sources of nectar and pollen in the to the bees include Hymenocardia acida, Lannea sp., Phyllanthus muellerianus and members of the Combretaceae/Melastomataceae families.

Deteksi Kejadian Residu Tetrasiklin pada Daging Ikan Nila di Kota Yogyakarta dengan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT)

Food products of animal origin which are free from biological and chemical contamination are an absolute requirement of food safety. Antibiotics residues in the food of animal origin is one of the chemical contaminants in food are harmful/hazardous to human health. Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is often used in the fishing industry. The study aims to detect the occurrence of tetracycline residues in tilapia sold in traditional markets in Kota Yogyakarta. The research was conducted with detection test (detect disease). The study used 61 samples of tilapia fish from 16 traditional markets in Kota Yogyakarta. Tilapia meat samples are prepared according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC). The existence of tetracycline residues in meat can be detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Residue analysis in fish meat was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Gadjah Mada University using HPLC Shimadzu version 6.1. The results showed that 24 samples of tilapia meat marketed in Kota Yogyakarta was positively contained tetracycline antibiotic residues. A total of 19 samples contained residues above maximum residue limits (MRL). The conclusion of the study is 31% of tilapia marketed in Kota Yogyakarta contains tetracycline residues above MRL. Surveillance of residues in food of animal origin and further research in terms of reducing antibiotic residue in tilapia meat is highly recommended to improve the quality and safety of food of animal origin.

Composition analysis of selected Sri Lankan seaweeds

Seaweeds are a rich source of health beneficial bioactive nutraceuticals and currently they are under-utilized in Sri Lanka. In the present study, proximate analysis of seaweed varieties Chnoospora minima and Porphyra sp. obtained from Mirissa, Matara, Sri Lanka and Ulva fasciata was taken from Point Dondra Matara, Sri Lanka on June, 2018 were investigated. The moisture content, total fat content, protein content and ash content were determined according to the Official methods of Analysis by Association of Official Analytical Chemists after drying for 8h at 600 C. The results revealed that the moisture contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 13.24 ± 0.20, 14.30 ± 0.14 and 18.11 ± 0.01 respectively. Total fat contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 0.21 ± 0.11, 0.19 ± 0.03 and 0.28 ± 0.05 respectively. Protein contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 13.70 ± 0.2, 21.14 ± 0.04 and 11.84 ± 0.1. Total ash contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 17.20 ± 0.24, 5.40 ± 0.7 and 18.05 ± 0.21 respectively. Total carbohydrate content (%) was analyzed according to the Dubois method. Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata showed total carbohydrate content (%) as 3.87 + 0.66, 20.59 ± 0.24 and 7.68 ± 1.16 respectively. Moreover, the sulphate content was analyzed according to the precipitate method. Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata showed 1.45 ± 0.35, 2.75 ± 0.07 and 4.54 ± 0.06, sulfate contents (%) respectively. In conclusion, highest ash content which indicates a good mineral content was observed in Ulva fasciata and Chnoospora minima. Fibre, protein and carbohydrate contents are significantly different among the 3 samples. Highest fibre content was observed in Chnoospora minima. Highest protein and carbohydrate contents were observed in Porphyra sp. But there is no significant difference in fat contents among the three samples.

Studies on the utilization and proximate composition of wild Aframomum anguistifolium (sonn.) K. Schum fruits in Nakaseke district, Uganda

Nakaseke district is located in the central region of Uganda and has high abundance of edible Aframomum anguistifolium (wild cardamom) fruit, locally known as “Amatuunguru’’. The fruit is consumed by only few people who access it from the wild and there is limited information on the nutritional benefits of the fruit. This study determined the utilization and consumptive benefits of A. anguistifolium fruits among the local communities of Nakaseke district as well as the proximate composition of the fruit. A cross-sectional survey using an interview guide was conducted to establish the utilization and consumptive benefits of the fruit while the proximate composition (crude protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber and ash, moisture) was determined using standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results revealed that fruits are collected and consumed by the local communities because of their nutritional and medicinal values. A. anguistifolium plant is not domesticated despite the different consumptive benefits accrued from it. The results revealed that children are the major collectors (consumers) of the fruit (48%) compared to women and men and they collect the fruit from the wild as they go about their chores like collecting firewood, tending grazing animals and fetching water. The fruit’s availability is highest in the rainy season and maturity indicators include the fruit exocarp turning red in colour. The exocarp is removed and thrown away during consumption leaving the inside part which is edible. The fruit was found to contain moisture (72.98%). The content of the dry matter was ash (13.97%), crude fat (4.35%), crude protein (6.82%), crude fiber (12.55%) and nitrogenfree extracts/NFE (62.30%). Hence the fruit is a suitable supplement for moisture, fats, proteins and crude fiber needed in human diet. The plant is still collected from the wild and grows mainly in swampy areas (wetlands) which are being cleared for agriculture, settlement and road construction. This plant could be endangered if its conservation is not prioritized.

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Simultaneous Assay of MCI and MI in Shampoos Containing Plant Extracts.

A simple, easy-to-implement HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of two isothiazolinone preservatives, methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI), in hair care shampoo containing plant extracts. In this method, shampoo samples were first dissolved in isopropyl myristate and then MCI and MI were extracted from isopropyl myristate layer by a mixture of methanol and 0.02 M phosphate buffer solution pH 3.0 (30: 70, v/v) and analyzed on an analytical biphenyl column maintained at 25°C with a mixture of methanol and water (10: 90, v/v) in isocratic elution mode as mobile phase. Total flow rate of mobile phase was maintained at 1.0 mL per minute. The UV detection was performed at 274 nm. Injection volume was 50 μl. The method was fully validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness according to requirements of AOAC International and was proved as reliable and suitable for the intended application.

Practical analysis of aflatoxin M1 reduction in pasteurized Milk using low dose gamma irradiation.

Milk and dairy products can be exposed to potential dangers such as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). Various factors affect the formation of aflatoxin, which can be due to environmental changes and the lack of suitable substrate for healthy livestock feeding. The goal of this study is to reduce the toxin in pasteurized milk to a level below the European Codex Alimentarius Commission standard. For this purpose, the proper structure of the radioactive granite stone was first designed as a low level gamma irradiation (LLGI) without contact with pasteurized milk, and and the pasteurized milk containing AFM1 that placed in this structure is measured and compared with the control sample values using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. Then, the reduction of the resulting aflatoxin in the milk and the LLGI dose rate are obtained. The LLGI dose rate is calculated using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP). For simulation, in addition to the spectrum of gamma radiation emitted by radioactive granites, weight percent of each composition of the pasteurized milk and its component elements are also calculated. The results showed a 51.5% reduction of aflatoxin in pasteurized milk after 4days and 99% reduction after 8days compared to the control sample. The LLGI dose rate in milk is 0.39mGy per day. According to the international atomic energy agency (IAEA) report and pervious results, this dose rate level does not significantly affect chemical and sensory quality of milk, but can extend the shelf-life and provide a safer milk. Therefore, the structure constructed using radioactive granite in this study can be considered as one of the suitable methods for reducing aflatoxin.

Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometric Modeling to Predict Physical-Chemical Honey Properties from Campeche, Mexico.

In this work, 10 chemometric models based on Raman spectroscopy were constructed to predict the physicochemical properties of honey produced in the state of Campeche, Mexico. The properties of honey studied were pH, moisture, total soluble solids (TSS), free acidity, lactonic acidity, total acidity, electrical conductivity, Redox potential, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and ash content. These proprieties were obtained according to the methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Codex Alimentarius, and the International Honey Commission. For the construction of the chemometric models, 189 honey samples were collected and analyzed in triplicate using Raman spectroscopy to generate the matrix data [X], which were correlated with each of the physicochemical properties [Y]. The predictive capacity of each model was determined by cross validation and external validation, using the statistical parameters: standard error of calibration (SEC), standard error of prediction (SEP), coefficient of determination of cross-validation (R2cal), coefficient of determination for external validation (R2val), and Student’s t-test. The statistical results indicated that the chemometric models satisfactorily predict the humidity, TSS, free acidity, lactonic acidity, total acidity, and Redox potential. However, the models for electric conductivity and pH presented an acceptable prediction capacity but not adequate to supply the conventional processes, while the models for predicting ash content and HMF were not satisfactory. The developed models represent a low-cost tool to analyze the quality of honey, and contribute significantly to increasing the honey distribution and subsequently the economy of the region.

Production, Proximate, Mineral and Sensory Evaluation of Non-Alcoholic Beverage from Tubers: Sweetpotato and Tigernut

Purpose: The production of sweet potato and Tigernut drink was conducted and sampled A, B, C, and D at ratios 100% TND: 0%SPD, 90% TND: 10% SPD, 80% TND: 20%SPD, and 70%TND: 30%SPD respectively.&#x0D; Methodology: These were analyzed for proximate and mineral analysis using methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and sensory attributes using Lawless and Heymann (2010) method. The non-alcoholic beverage drinks were examined for moisture, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, and ash contents.&#x0D; Results: The proximate analysis of the sweetpotato and Tigernut blended beverage drink revealed that the beverage is a nutrient dense commodity with health promoting ability and high level of fiber, fat, moisture, and protein at the same time low in carbohydrate and ash. The fat content ranged from 8.46% to 12.30%, the moisture, protein, fiber, carbohydrate, and ash had the range between 60.02% - 68.14%, 8.10% - 8.50%, 5.10% - 7.10%, 8.50% - 10.00%, and 0.46% - 1.04% respectively. The minerals include Zinc, Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium that were analyzed with values (mg/100g) ranged from 26.94-53.89, 42.65-63.32, 5.83-11.67, and 554.67-1166.67 mg/100 respectively. There were increase in the mineral contents especially Zn, Na, and K. The mineral content of this beverage is good for adolescence, infants, and groups facing macro-minerals impairments. The sensory attributes of the samples were evaluated for taste, aroma, colour, and general acceptability. Highest degree of preference for aroma and general acceptability were observed in sample D, followed by sample C. A high degree of preference for taste was also seen in sample B, C, and D. In conclusion, the sensory attributes were highly graded in terms of sensory quality. It was concluded that the processing this beverage drink has the potential of bridging the gap of extreme need for health supporting beverage drinks. It will also impact the marketing of sweetpotatoes, increase productivity and providing income for farmers more importantly sweetpotato growers.

Macronutrients analysis of triggerfish (Abalistes stellatus) from West Kalimantan waters

Triggerfish (Abalistes stellatus) is a non-commercial fish. This species is a small triggerfish genus found in West Kalimantan waters. The aim of this research was to determine the levels of macronutrient such as protein, lipid, ash and water content of the fish. The levels of macronutrients were determined using the methods recommended by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The fish were fairly high in macronutrient protein (19,75%) while the lipid content was 5,94%. Water and ash content were 78.87% and 1,57%, respectively. This result can be concluded that triggerfish is rich in food value, especially protein source for human dietary.

Determination of Minerals and Trace Elements in Milk, Milk Products, Infant Formula, and Adult Nutrition: Collaborative Study 2011.14 Method Modification

Abstract Official Method SM 2011.14/ISO 15151:2018/IDF 229:2018 uses microwave digestion of samples and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry for determination of nine elements, including Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn. The method was evaluated in a collaborative study of 25 products, including 13 fortified nutritional products (powders, ready-to-feed liquids, and liquid concentrates), five product placebos, six dairy products (liquids, powders, butter, and processed cheese), and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849a, in compliance with AOAC INTERNATIONAL Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2014.004. This study significantly expanded the applicability of Official Method 2011.14 beyond the original scope of chocolate milk powder, dietetic milk powder, infant cereal, peanut butter, and wheat gluten. The study included 14 collaborators from 11 countries, and results were compared to SMPR 2014.004. Accuracy of the method was demonstrated using NIST SRM 1849a, yielding recoveries across all laboratories of 98–101% for the nine elements. Precision for the 13 fortified nutritional product samples was 2.2–3.9% for repeatability (relative SD of repeatability) and 6.0–12.2% for reproducibility (RSDR). Excluding Mn, which was present at a wide range of concentrations, the reproducibility was 6.0–9.5%, meeting the performance requirements of SMPR 2014.004. Placebo samples (not fortified with Cu, Fe, Mn, or Zn) yielded acceptable repeatability of 1.8–2.9% for Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P (minerals) but 5.4–29.4% for the low levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn (trace elements). Reproducibility for the placebos showed the same pattern, with acceptable reproducibility (5.4–10.3%) for minerals but not for the low levels of the trace elements (13.2–82.8%). In the six dairy product samples, repeatability ranged from 1.6 to 3.6% for the minerals, Zn, and the low range of Mn but from 9.4 to 24.6% for Cu, Fe, and the high range of Mn, where concentrations were low as for the nutritional placebos. Reproducibility in the dairy samples was 5.3–8.8% for the minerals but 11.4–55.0% for the trace elements. The mean concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Zn in the dairy products were similar with those in the placebo products, while Zn was present at levels more similar with the fortified nutritional products. Thus, the method met the SMPR criteria except where the trace minerals were present at very low levels. Based on these results, the AOAC Stakeholder Panel for Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals recommended Final Action status of the expanded applicability of the method. The method was adopted as Final Action by the AOAC Official Methods Board.

Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties of Date (Phoenix reclinata) from Dabou (Côte d’Ivoire)

The date, Phoenix dactylifera is known for its richness in nutrients. Given the high selling price and its scarcity, some rural populations in Côte d'Ivoire consume the Phoenix reclinata date without knowing the functional properties for their well-being. The highlighting of the nutritional value of these fruits is necessary to promote its valorization and its consumption in the form of bioformulated foods. Thus, the physicochemical and antioxidant properties as well as the mineral richness contained in the pulps and the cores were determined using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and spectrophotometric methods The analyzes were carried out on ripe fruits dried at 20°C in the laboratory of agrovalorization of the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Jean Lorougnon Guédé between March and May 2019. The results reveal that the pulps and the cores are weakly acidic with respectively pH values of 6.37 ± 0.13 and 5.74 ± 0.06. The pulps and the cores contain respectively dry matter contents (90.39 ± 0.14 against 92.1 ± 0.02), in fibers (10.40 ± 0.17 against 88.7 ± 0.48), in energy values ​​(335.2 ± 0.44 kcal against 378.7 ± 1.07 kcal), in total polyphenols (2.63 ± 0.19 against 3.69 ± 0.18) and in minerals. The pulp and the cores have, for 100 g of solids, sodium contents (3.22 ± 0.12 mg against 3.69 ± 0.18 mg), potassium (0.71 ± 0.07 mg against 2.52 ± 0.08 mg), in phosphorus (3.00 ± 0.02 mg against 2.52 ± 0.08 mg), in calcium (0.16 ± 0.04 mg against 0.65 ± 0.03 mg), zinc (3.30 ± 0.05 mg vs. 3.08 ± 0.03 mg), iron (3.09 ± 0.01 mg vs. 3.26 ± 0.01 mg) and copper (2.93 ± 0.06 mg vs 3.08 ± 0.03 mg). These nutritious potentialities could be recommended in the formulation of foods for the malnourished.

Productive and physiological characteristics of West African dwarf goats fed cassava root sieviate-cassava leaf meal based diet

Productive and physiological characteristics of West African dwarf goats fed cassava root sieviate-cassava leaf meal based diet