Association Of Neck Circumference Research Articles

Neck Circumference as a Valuable Tool to Identify the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Children

Background/Objectives: Neck circumference (NC) has been proposed as a simple measurement to identify patients with overweight and obesity. It has been found that adipose tissue at the cervical level is associated with the presence of metabolic alterations. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between NC and indicators of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) to subsequently estimate its capacity to identify the risk of MS compared to waist circumference (WC) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 286 children 6–9 years old who attended six public primary schools in Jalisco, Mexico. Pearson’s correlation coefficients along with sensitivity and specificity tests were performed to analyze the relationship between NC and MS indicators. Odds ratio (OR) and concordance analyses were performed considering the Kappa index. Results: NC showed statistically significant correlations with all MS indicators except for LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. The cut-off points of NC to identify MS according to sex was >27.4 cm for girls and >29.8 cm for boys. The association of NC with values above the cutoff point and the presence of MS was OR: 21.6 (CI: 7.11–65.74). Conclusions: NC represents a simple and cost-effective alternative to identify children at risk of MS when compared to BMI and WC.

608-P: Association of Neck Circumference and Sarcopenic Obesity in a Cohort of Chinese Community-Based Individuals

Aims: Neck circumference (NC) is a simple and reliable anthropometric measurement for estimating obesity. Sarcopenic obesity is a distinct condition of sarcopenia in the context of obesity, with the cumulative health risks of both phenotypes. This study was aimed to explore the association between NC and sarcopenic obesity in a Shanghai community population. Methods: The study included 1542 participants (622 men and 920 women) with mean age of 58.1 ± 7.06 years who underwent complete examinations at baseline in 2013-2014 and received a re-examination in 2015-2016. An automatic bioelectric impedance analyser (BIA) was used to measure body compositions. Relative skeletal muscle index was calculated using the BIA equation from Janssen et al. The abdominal fat distribution, including visceral fat area (VFA), was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Elevated NC was defined as NC ≥ 38.5 cm in men and NC ≥ 34.5 cm in women. The definition of sarcopenic obesity combined low muscle mass (skeletal muscle mass index of 1 SD below the sex-specific mean value) with obesity which defined according to overall adiposity or fat distribution as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, fat% ≥ 25% in men and 30% in women, or VFA ≥ 80cm2, respectively. Results: Subjects with elevated NC had a higher incidence of sarcopenic obesity in both men and women regardless of adiposity status assessed by BMI, fat%, or VFA (all P < 0.001). During the follow up, higher cumulative incidence of sarcopenic obesity was found in those with elevated NC (all P < 0.001). For each 1 cm increase in NC, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of sarcopenic obesity in which adiposity status assessed by high BMI were 1.40 (1.11-1.76) in men and 1.32 (1.13-1.56) in women; besides, the association assessed by high fat% or high VFA remained in both men and women. Conclusion: NC was closely associated with the incidence of sarcopenic obesity, which suggested that it could be helpful to screening sarcopenic obesity in a community-based population. Disclosure Y.Xu: None. T.Hu: None. Y.Shen: None. Y.Wang: None. X.Ma: None. Y.Bao: None.

Differential Prognostic Utility of Adiposity Measures in Chronic Kidney Disease

ObjectiveAdipose tissue contributes to adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there is uncertainty regarding the prognostic relevance of different adiposity measures. We analyzed the associations of neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) with clinical outcomes in patients with mild to severe CKD. MethodsThe German Chronic Kidney Disease study is a prospective cohort study, which enrolled Caucasian adults with mild to severe CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate : 30-60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the presence of overt proteinuria. Associations of NC, WC, and BMI with all-cause death, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease intervention, and cardiovascular death), and kidney failure (a composite of dialysis or transplantation) were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for confounders and the Akaike information criteria were calculated. Models included sex interactions with adiposity measures. ResultsA total of 4537 participants (59% male) were included in the analysis. During a 6.5-year follow-up, 339 participants died, 510 experienced MACE, and 341 developed kidney failure. In fully adjusted models, NC was associated with all-cause death in women (hazard ratio 1.080 per cm; 95% CI 1.009-1.155) but not in men. Irrespective of sex, WC was associated with all-cause death (hazard ratio 1.014 per cm; 95% CI 1.005-1.038). NC and WC showed no association with MACE or kidney failure. BMI was not associated with any of the analyzed outcomes. Models of all-cause death, including WC offered the best (lowest) Akaike information criteria. ConclusionIn Caucasian patients with mild to severe CKD, higher NC (in women) and WC were significantly associated with increased risk of death from any cause but BMI was not.

Association of neck circumference and obesity with blood pressure in children aged 6-12 years

The Journal is the primary organ of Continuing Paediatric Medical Education in Sri Lanka. The journal also has a website. Free full text access is available for all readers.The Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health is now indexed in SciVerse Scopus (Source Record ID 19900193609), Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region (IMSEAR), CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Global Health Database), DOAJ and is available in Google, as well as Google Scholar.The policies of the journal are modelled on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Guidelines on Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health is recognised by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) as a publication following the ICMJE Recommendations.

Association of Neck Circumference with Handgrip Strength and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults

Association of Neck Circumference with Handgrip Strength and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults

Neck Circumference Is Positively Associated With Blood Pressure and Other Anthropometric Measurements Among Turkish Adults: A Preliminary Study

ObjectivesHypertension (HT) is a major non-communicable disease and responsible for 13% of deaths in Turkey. Although the associations of neck circumference (NC) and hypertension have been examined, no such studies have been conducted among Turkish population. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 356 adults aged ≥18. The participants were included in a hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2019 and 2020. Blood pressure, NC, other anthropometric indexes such as body weight, height, waist circumference were measured. Pearson correlation were applied to determine the association of NC with blood pressure and other antropometric measurements. ResultsThe HT prevalence was 50.3% among participants. We found that neck circumference both continuous and categorical (≥37.5 in male, ≥32.5 in female) is positively correlated with higher blood pressure, waist circumference and body mass index. ConclusionsAlmost one-third of adult population in Turkey has hypertension. NC was associated with both blood pressure and other HT related anthropometric risk factors. These results suggest that as a simple and useful anthropometric measurement NC can be used to assess HT in adults to support prevention and management of HT for public health. Funding SourcesNo funding sources (organizations, institutions, agencies) were used to carry out this research.

Association of Neck Circumference with Other Anthropometric Indices and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Young Adults

Objectives: To study the importance of neck circumference (NC) for the early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and to determine the association of NC with other anthropometric parameters and CVD risk factors.
 Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019. Total 610 healthy young adults male and females, aged from 18 to 35 years and permanent residents of Shaheed Benazir Abad District of Sindh were randomly selected. Those who had any type of illness, known diabetes and on any medication were excluded from this study. The data including, Socio-demographic, Anthropometric and Biochemical was collected through interview based structured questionnaire which was designed through review of literature of previous studies. Blood pressure was measured by using sphygmomanometer. The blood sample was collected in the morning timings while participants were fasting. The blood sample was analyzed for fasting blood sugar and lipid profile using standard kit methods and according to manufacturer’s instructions. Neck circumference was measured at the upper edge of the thyroid ligament by a non-versatile measuring tape. Consent was obtained before collecting the data, SPSS 18 version was used for the statistical analysis of data.
 Results: Out of total 610, 313 (51.3%) were male participants and 297 (48.7%) were female participants. In male, NC was positively correlated with SBP (r=0.589), DBP (r=0.586), FBS (r=0.358), TG (r=0.606), LDL (r=0.590) and VLDL (r=0.606), however, NC was negatively correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.434). Similarly, in female, the NC was positively correlated with SBP (r=0.552), DBP (r=0.672), FBS (r=0.437), TG (r=0.610), LDL (r=0.592) and VLDL (r=0.610) and LDL(r=0.590) however, NC was also negatively correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.-526) in females. All other CVD risk factors showed significant association with increased NC in both male and female participants. 
 Conclusion: Neck circumference is positively correlated with CVD risk factors in both male and female participants, NC is easy and quick to measure and it can be used as an alternative of other anthropometric parameters.

Association of Neck Circumference with Body Composition and Cardiovascular Parameters in Young Healthy Adult Males

Background and Aim: Increased Neck circumference is the marker of upper body obesity and identified as an indicator of future cardiovascular disease risk (CVD). Hence, in this study, we assessed the relationship of Neck circumference (NC) with basal cardiovascular and body composition (BC) parameter in young adult males. Methods: Sixty three healthy young adult male volunteers of age between 18 to 25 years were enrolled for this study and they were divided into two groups based on neck circumference (NC). Control group (n = 32) comprises of individuals with normal neck circumference of ≤ 35.5 cm and study group (n = 31) includes individuals with increased neck circumference of ≥ 35.5 cm. The, BC parameters was assessed by Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) method using Quadscan 4000. And the basal cardiovascular parameters such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) was measured by automated sphygmomanometer and the pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the rate pressure product (RPP) were derived. Results: Data was expressed in Mean ± SD. The groups were compared using Independent Student’s t test. The association between NC and various study parameters were assessed by Pearson’s correlation analysis. Our study, revealed increased body fat and reduced muscle mass in individuals with increased NC. Further, we observed a positive correlation of NC with body fat (%) and negative correlation with Lean Body Mass. Cardiovascular parameters SBP, DBP, MAP and PP were elevated in subjects with increased NC. Further, positive correlation is seen with SBP, DBP, RPP and NC. Conclusion: Neck circumference is a readily measurable screening tool of upper-body adiposity and increased NC is associated with CVD risk.

Association of neck circumference and hypertension among adults in a rural community Thailand: A cross-sectional study.

IntroductionHypertension (HT) is a major non-communicable disease worldwide and a growing global public health problem. Although several studies have investigated the independent associations of neck circumference (NC) and hypertension, no such studies have been conducted among the Thai population.AimThis study aims to identify risk factors associated with hypertension, which may be used to predict HT among asymptomatic adults residing in a remote rural community in central Thailand.Method1,084 adults were included in this community-based cross-sectional study by a population-based total survey. The participants were included those who had been living in 6 villages in the rural community in the central area of Thailand. Anthropometric information, NC, body composition indexes such as waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. Logistic regression models were fitted to calculate the multi-variable adjusted prevalence and the association of NC with HT.ResultThe prevalence of HT among adults in the rural community was 27.7% (95% CI: 25.0–30.3). Of the 300 adults with HT, 164 participants (54.7%) were found within the unawareness HT category. We found that associated factors with HT were included larger neck circumference both continuous and categorical (≥ 37.5 in male, ≥ 32.5 in female), pre-existing diabetes mellitus, male, and higher body mass index.ConclusionAlmost one-third of participants in the remote rural areas presented hypertension. NC was associated with HT independent from other risk factors. NC is a simple and useful anthropometric index to identify HT in rural Thai adults.

Association of neck circumference with prehypertension and obesity in young paramedical students

Introduction and Aim: Prehypertension and obesity are the important cardio metabolic risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome. Neck circumference (NC) is an effective marker and screening tool for obesity. It gives a quick assessment of the upper body fat distribution. Early detection of obesity and prehypertension can increase the longevity of the individual. Hence, we aimed at evaluating the association of NC with prehypertension and obesity in young adults.
 
 Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study where 150 Paramedical students were screened for prehypertension and fifty students were identified as pre-hypertensives (n=50). Routine anthropometric measurements were taken. NC was measured. The correlation of NC with body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was calculated. The prevalence and percentage distribution of obesity using NC in prehypertensive was calculated. The association of NC with obesity and prehypertension was demonstrated.
 
 Results: The prevalence of obesity in prehypertensive students was 58%. The distribution of obesity using NC was 61% in males and 55% in females. Further, the association of NC with BMI (r=0.53,p=<0.0001), SBP(r=0.52,p=<0.0001) and DBP (r=0.44, p=<0.0001) was calculated using Pearson’s correlation and was statistically significant.
 
 Conclusion: There was an increased prevalence of obesity among pre-hypertensives with a male predisposition. The study also establishes a statistically significant and strong correlation of NC with BMI, SBP and DBP. NC can be used as an effective screening tool to assess obesity and prehypertension.

Neck circumference and metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional population-based study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the possible association of neck circumference with cardiometabolic risk factors, and to find out the possible cutoff points of neck circumference for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome among the Iranian population. MethodThis is a cross-sectional study in 1619 participants who were selected through clustered random sampling, as a part of a health cohort in Amol, Iran. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was based on the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III). Associations of neck circumference with Mets and its components were studied using logistic regression. The optimal cutoff point of neck circumference for MetS diagnosis was calculated based on the Youden index. ResultsMetabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 433 (26.7%) of patients. Neck circumference was shown to be significantly associated with central obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, impaired fasting glucose, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, as well as MetS. The optimal cutoff points of neck circumference in the diagnosis of MetS are 36 cm and 42 cm for women and men, respectively. Sensitivity of the optimal cut-off point of NC for diagnosing patients with MetS was higher in women compared to men (70.6% compared to 55.9%). ConclusionA significant association was observed between neck circumference and the presence of MetS among the Iranian population and neck circumference can be offered as a new index in screening and diagnosis for MetS and assessing cardiometabolic risk factors.

Neck-to-height ratio and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults: cross-sectional associations in a community-based cohort.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between neck-to-height ratio (NHR) and arterial stiffness in adults from a community-based Chinese cohort in a cross-sectional study. We conducted cross-sectional analysis using data from the Kailuan study, a population-based cohort research. Altogether, 18 972 individuals were included in the analysis. Brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), anthropometric indexes and cardiovascular risk factors were recorded. Data were analyzed by multiple lineal regression model. NHR was positively associated with baPWV after adjusted for age, sex, blood pressure, heart rate, BMI, waist-hip ratio, current smoking, fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol, uric acid, high-sensitivity C reactive protein and creatinine clearance (β = 5.76, P < 0.001), while the association of neck circumference and baPWV was NS after adjusting the variables mentioned above. In subgroups analysis, the association between NHR and baPWV did not reach statistical significance in female, while in males, the association was significant. Interaction effects were observed among BMI stratifications and the individuals with metabolic syndrome and history of cardiovascular events (P for intereaction = 0.002, 0.038 and 0.003, respectively). The current study demonstrated for the first time that NHR was positively associated with baPWV in community-based population, NHR might be a promising independent predictor for cardiovascular disease.

Neck circumference is a good predictor for insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

To assess the role of neck circumference (NC) in assessing insulin resistance (IR) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A cross-sectional study. University-affiliated hospital. One hundred forty-three women with PCOS were recruited from November 2018 to February2020. None. The associations of NC with IR and the cutoff points of NC for IR. The prevalence rates of IR were 64.3%. The patients with PCOS with IR had significantly greater values of systolic blood pressure, NC, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Pearson correlation analysis showed body mass index (log-transformed), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and HOMA-IR (log-transformed) were positively correlated with NC. Multivariable linear regression showed that NC was significantly associated with HOMA-IR (log-transformed), with the standardized regression coefficient of 0.330 with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analyses showed NC was associated significantly with increased risk of IR, with the adjusted odds ratio of 1.423. Additionally, NC was able to identify IR in women with PCOS; the optimal cut-off points was 34.3 cm (Youden index = 0.586). Neck circumference is positively associated with IR in women with PCOS. We suggest NC as a novel, simple, practical, and reliable anthropometric measure to be used to predict the risk of IR in patients with PCOS.

1359-P: Neck Circumference: A Useful Tool for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes and Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Overweight Pregnancy

Introduction: Few studies addressed the role of neck circumference (NC) as a risk factor during overweight pregnancy. Objective: To evaluate the association of NC with GDM and adverse outcomes in overweight and obese women. Methods: This longitudinal study included 132 (BMI&amp;gt;25kg/m2) pregnant women. Standardized questionnaire and biochemical/physical evaluation were performed when they were admitted at GDM outpatient clinic (2018-2019): during the 1st to 3rd trimester (without and with DMG according to the IADPSG criteria). Fifth-five women were evaluated regarding hypertension in pregnancy, type of delivery and neonatal complications (death, intensive care unit admission and hypoglycemia). ANOVA, Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed. Results: Women with (n=61) and without (n=71) GDM had similar mean(SD) pre-gestational BMI [30.3(4.0)vs29.4(3.5)Kg/m2,p=0.16], familiar history of diabetes, physical activity, schooling, lipid profile, TSH levels and blood pressure. Women with GDM were older [32(6)vs28(6)yrs,p&amp;lt;0.001] and had greater NC [36.0(2.7)vs34.5(1.8)cm,p&amp;lt;0.001] than those without GDM. NC was similar in women with GDM diagnosed in first or third trimester [p=0.4] and was correlated with FPG [r0.29,p=0.01] and systolic [r0.28,p=0.001] and diastolic [r0.25,p=0.004] blood pressure. In logistic regression analysis, NC was associated with GDM [OR1.25,95%CI1.03to1.52] adjusted for age, physical activity, schooling and familiar history of diabetes. In ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.655 and the cut-off value of 34.5cm had 0.70 of sensitivity and 0.51 of specificity for GDM. Women who had NC≥34.5 vs. &amp;lt;34.5cm had higher frequencies of hypertension [32.3vs4.2%,p=0.01] and C-section [58.1vs29.2%,p=0.03] but not neonatal complications [45.2vs25.0%,p=0.12]. Conclusions: In a group of overweight or obese pregnant women the NC can be a useful tool for identifying GDM and obstetric adverse outcomes. Disclosure P. Dualib: None. C.R.D. Carvalho: None. R. Mattar: None. S.A. Dib: None. B. Almeida Pititto: None. Funding Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (18/14795-9)

Association of Neck Circumference with Anthropometric Indicators and Body Composition Measured by DXA in Young Spanish Adults

Background: Due to a clinical and public health interest of neck circumference (NC), a better understanding of this simple anthropometric measurement, as a valid marker of body composition is necessary. Methods: A total of 119 young healthy adults participated in this study. NC was measured over the thyroid cartilage and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the neck. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. A Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was used to determine fat mass, lean mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, body mass index (BMI) and triponderal mass index (TMI), the waist to hip and waist to height ratios, and the fat mass and lean mass indexes (FMI and LMI, respectively) were calculated. Results: NC was positively associated in women (W) and men (M), with BMI (rW = 0.70 and rM = 0.84, respectively), TMI (rW = 0.63 and rM = 0.80, respectively), WC (rW = 0.75 and rM = 0.86, respectively), VAT (rW = 0.74 and rM = 0.82, respectively), Waist/hip (rW = 0.51 and rM = 0.67, respectively), Waist/height (rW = 0.68 and rM = 0.83, respectively) and FMI (rW = 0.61 and rM = 0.81, respectively). The association between NC and indicators of body composition was however weaker than that observed by BMI, TMI, WC and Waist/height in both women and men. It is of note that in women, NC was associated with FMI, VAT and LMI independently of BMI. In men, adding NC to anthropometric variables did not improve the prediction of body composition, while slight improvements were observed in women. Conclusions: Taken together, the present study provides no indication for NC as a useful proxy of body composition parameters in young adults, yet future studies should explore its usefulness as a measure to use in combination with BMI, especially in women.

Evaluation of neck circumference as a predictor of elevated cardiometabolic risk outcomes in 5–8-year-old Brazilian children

ABSTRACT Background: Childhood overweight and obesity is a global health problem that continues to worsen in many low- and middle-income countries. Low-cost measurements for monitoring overweight and relative metabolic risk, such as neck circumference (NC), should be evaluated in different populations and age groups. Aim: To test associations of NC and BMI with cardiometabolic parameters in 5-8-year-old Brazilian children. Methods: This cross-sectional study carried out from 2004–2006 measured height, weight and NC by anthropometry, and estimated fat and fat-free mass by bioelectrical impedance. Cardiometabolic risk factors assessed were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA). Associations of NC and BMI with cardiometabolic risk factors were tested using multiple regression and precision-recall plot analysis. Results: Analyses included 371 children (52% female). NC associated positively with BMI, fat mass, and fat-free mass, and with systolic blood pressure and HOMA following adjustment for age in sex-stratified multiple regression models. However, the latter relationships largely disappeared following adjustment for BMI. Area under the curve for NC or BMI in association with systolic blood pressure or HOMA >90th percentile was low in the pooled sample, indicating poor classifier performance. Conclusions: NC and BMI demonstrated similar associations with cardiometabolic risk factors, although NC mostly did not correlate with risk factors independently of BMI. In contrast to previous studies, NC was a poor classifier of cardiometabolic risk factors in children. The association of NC with both fat and fat-free mass may aid in explaining its poor performance.

Neck Circumference as an Independent Cardiometabolic Risk Factor: A Cross-sectional Study in Kinshasa

Objective: To investigate the association between neck circumference (NC) and traditional cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among adult’s population at Kinshasa. Methods: A total of 400 participants were recruited. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was employed to test the correlations between NC and CMRF. The association of NC with CMRF (dependent variables) was assessed by logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis had allowed determining the cut-off points of NC to detect the presence of CMRF. Results: The average of age and WC was 55.4±12.0 years and 79.8±12.0 cm, respectively. The median value of BMI was significantly higher in women (24.6 kg/m²) than in men (22.6 kg/m²); whereas the median value of NC was significantly higher in men (37.8 cm) than in women (33.3 cm) (p < 0.001). In both men and women, NC was positively correlated with TC, LDL, TG and WC. Additionally, FPG and HDL were positively correlated with NC significantly. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between NECK and FPG but a significant negative correlation between NECK and HDLc among women. TG in men, raised TC, LDL and WC were found to be significantly associated with neck circumference with ORs 1.25 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.44), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.85), 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.26), 1.27 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.45) in men versus 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.36) in women, 1.19 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.34) in men versus 1.21 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.38) in women and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.36) in men versus 1.43 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.66) in women, respectively. Cut-off points for NC to identify CMRF were between 37.5 and 38 cm in men, 32.5 and 33 cm in women. Conclusion: NC is associated with CMRF, and could be a useful and accurate tool to identify high risk participants.

Association of Anthropometric Indices With Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study.

Background: Obesity, particularly in the upper part of the body, is a major health problem. Measuring the neck circumference (NC) and wrist circumference (WrC) is a relatively new method of differentiating between normal and abnormal fat distributions. This study aimed to evaluate the association of NC, hip circumference (HC), and WrC with different phenotypes of obesity and their metabolic status.Methods: In this multi-centric cross-sectional study, 4,200 students aged 7–18 years were selected from 30 provinces in Iran in 2014 by using a multistage cluster random sampling method. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined based on the ATP III criteria modified for the pediatric age group. The subjects were classified into four groups according to their weight and metabolic status: metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically non-healthy non-obese (MNHNO), metabolically non-healthy obese (MNHO), and metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO).Results: Significant but different associations of NC, HC, and WrC with obesity phenotypes were documented in the entire population. Significant but different associations of NC, HC, and WrC with metabolic phenotypes were also found in the entire population. In the multinomial logistic regression, the association of the different obesity phenotypes with the study anthropometric indices increased significantly with increasing NC, WrC, and HC. Also, per one unit increment in NC, HC, and WrC, the odds of MHO, MNHNO, and MNHO increased compared to that of the MHNO phenotype.Conclusion: In children and adolescents, HC, NC, and WrC are significantly associated with obesity phenotypes and their metabolic status, and these metrics are suggested to be innovative, low-cost, and alternative tools for assessing them in different age and sex pediatric age groups.

Does Neck Circumference Predict Obstructive Sleep Apnea In Children With Obesity?

Abstract Objectives Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 10–50% of children with obesity, but its identification is challenging and wait times for testing are long. Previous studies suggest that neck circumference (NC) and neck-to-height ratio (NHR) may predict OSA. Our objectives were to 1) evaluate associations of NC and NHR with OSA; 2) model NHR as a predictor of OSA, adjusting for age, sex, and Tanner stage; and 3) identify thresholds of NHR associated with OSA, in children with obesity. Methods Participants were aged 8–17 years, with obesity (BMI >95%ile), undergoing polysomnography. Associations between NC and NHR with OSA were evaluated. NHR, age, sex and self-reported Tanner stage (early/late) were included in a negative binomial multiple regression model to predict obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI). Results 71 children participated, with median age 14.8 years (IQR 12.6, 16.0), 54% male, median BMI z-score 2.5 (IQR 2.3, 2.7), and 77% late Tanner stage. OSA was severe in 18 children (25.4%), moderate in 12 (16.9%), and mild in 18 (25.4%). In the model, each 0.01 increase in NHR was associated with a 55% increase in OAHI (95% CI: 36%, 80%); boys had a 119% higher OAHI than girls (95% CI: 10%, 337%). Threshold NHR associated with moderate-severe OSA was 0.25 in females and 0.23 in males. Conclusions NHR and male sex independently predict OSA severity in children with obesity, adjusting for age and Tanner stage. Children with obesity and NHR above identified thresholds are more likely to have moderate-severe OSA, and may benefit from earlier polysomnography.

Perímetro de cuello y éxito del tratamiento de pacientes con obesidad: estudio de vida real.

Evaluation of the patient with obesity is a challenge due to the technical difficulties to carry out measurements. To assess the association between neck circumference (NC) and waist circumference (WC) with cardio-metabolic risk markers, as well as treatment success in patients with morbid obesity. Four-hundred and seventy patients of 39.3 ± 11.4 years of age and with a body mass index (BMI) of 44.1 ± 8.4 were studied; 73.5% were females. Baseline and final BMI, WC, NC, hip circumference and cardio-metabolic markers were assessed. Success was defined as weight loss ≥ 5%. Significant correlations were found between WC and NC, and between these and cardio-metabolic risk markers, as well as between changes in WC and NC and treatment success. NC predicted success in logistic regression models. The association of WC and NC with cardio-metabolic risk indicators and the association of NC with treatment success in patients with morbid obesity was documented. Given the simplicity for obtaining it, NC might replace WC in the assessment and follow-up of patients with class III obesity.