Association Of Habitual Physical Activity Research Articles

Teachers’ nutrition knowledge as a moderator on the association of habitual physical activity and quality of life among college students

The study employed a longitudinal design over six months gathering data in three sessions spaced two months apart and comprising 329 students from five Chinese universities. The PLS-SEM (partial least squares structural equation modelling) method was used to analyse the data. The main goal of this study is to investigate the connection between exercise and college students' growth and well-being. This study seeks to identify reasons to provide colleges with focused therapy to enhance their students' overall performance. The findings of this research showed that physical activity improves students’ general quality of life particularly their self-esteem, life satisfaction and positive and negative emotions. Nutrition education and teacher support can help students optimize the excellent impact of exercise on their general quality of life. These findings have ramifications for Chinese college campuses, emphasizing the importance of encouraging physical exercise and improving teachers' understanding of student nutrition. Colleges can support their students' quality of life by encouraging frequent exercise and offering nutrition knowledge.

The association of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with low back pain disability trajectories: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundMultiple factors influence the recovery process of low back pain (LBP). The identification and increased knowledge of risk factors might contribute to a better understanding of the course of LBP. ObjectivesTo investigate the association of habitual physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), measured at baseline, with disability trajectories in adults with LBP. MethodsA prospective cohort study where habitual PA levels were measured using the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health enhancing physical activity (SQUASH), SB was calculated as average sedentary hours per day, and LBP disability using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Participants completed the questionnaires at one and a half, three, six, and twelve months. Linear mixed models were estimated to describe the association of habitual PA levels SB measured at baseline with disability trajectories. Other predictors were gender, education level, age, pain, number of previous episodes of LBP, and duration of LBP. ResultsHabitual SB measured at baseline in adults (n = 347) with LBP were not associated with disability trajectories. For PA, participants with one metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hour per day above average recovered 0.04 [95% CI 0.004 to 0.076] points on the ODI per month faster than participants with an average amount of MET hours per day. ConclusionsHabitual SB was not associated with LBP disability trajectories over a one-year follow-up. High levels of habitual PA at baseline were associated with improved recovery in LBP disability trajectory, but the finding is not clinically relevant.

Association of habitual physical activity with depression and anxiety: a multicentre cross-sectional study

ObjectiveDespite the known benefits of physical activity, the effect of habitual physical activity (HPA) on depression and anxiety remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of HPA with...

Abstract 15976: Age and Sex Differences in the Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Structure and Function in Community-Dwelling Adults

Introduction: The association of habitual physical activity (PA) with subclinical cardiovascular remodeling and their modifications by age and sex are not well understood in community-dwelling adults. Methods: We studied 5685 (mean age 49±15 y, 53% F) participants of the Framingham Heart Study 2 nd generation Exam 8 (2005-2008) and 3 rd generation Exam 1 (2002-2005) without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with PA, echocardiography [left ventricular mass, volume (LVM, LVEDV)], and applanation tonometry (aortic stiffness, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [CFPWV]. PA was assessed using a validated activity questionnaire. We assessed the relationship of PA to echocardiographic and vascular stiffness measures using linear regression adjusting for CVD risk factors and evaluated age and sex interactions on these relations. Results: Higher PA was overall associated with greater LVM (p<0.0001) and LVEDV (p<0.0001), which appeared driven by those aged <48 years of age (p<0.0001) and men (p≤0.0002 for both LVM and LVEDV) [ TABLE ]. In women, PA was associated with higher LVM (p=0.02) but not LVEDV (p=0.09). There was a borderline inverse association of PA with PWV (p=0.05). In contrast to the association of PA with LV structure, the associations of PA with PWV were significant among age ≥48 years (p=0.005) and women (p=0.008). Conclusions: In a large sample of adults in the community, we observed divergent associations of habitual PA with ventricular and vascular remodeling between age and sex groups. The mechanisms of these differential associations and impact on outcomes deserve further study.

Higher daily physical activity levels may facilitate pre-diabetes regression to normoglycemia: A longitudinal study among an Iranian population

The possible association of habitual physical activity (PA) and the risk of pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) or the chance of returning to normoglycemia was investigated. This cohort study included 1167 Pre-DM individuals (mean age of 53.5 years, and 45.3% men) who participated in the third phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008) and followed up to a median of 9 years. PA, including leisure time and job activities, was measured using a reliable and validated Iranian version of the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire and reported as metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes per week. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident T2D and returning to normoglycemia were estimated in relation to PA levels (i.e., per every 500 MET-minutes/week, or across categories of PA levels < 600 as a reference, 600–1500 and > 1500 MET-minutes/week). During the study follow-up, 39.0 % progressed to T2D, and 37.8% returned to normoglycemia. Compared to subjects with a PA < 600 MET-minutes/week, the chance of regression to normoglycemia increased by 58% [OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.03–2.40 ∼ relative risk (RR) = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02–1.63] among the participants who had a PA > 1500 MET-minutes/week. We further noted that each 500 MET-min/week activity corresponded to an elevated chance of returning to normoglycemia by 5% (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01–1.11). The study’s findings provided evidence that higher daily PA levels may facilitate Pre-DM regression to normoglycemia. The beneficial effect of PA in Pre-DM subjects needs to exceed the recommended levels (i.e., 600 MET-minutes/week).

Physical Activity and Exercise Promote Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Expression in Adipose Tissues of Obese Adults.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has recently been studied for its potential influence on the functional response of the human body to exercise. We aimed to investigate the association of habitual physical activity (PA) with PPARγ mRNA level in the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) in non-obese and obese non-diabetic adults. VAT and SAT were obtained from 95 individuals, including 40 non-obese (BMI<30kg/m2) and 55 obese (BMI≥30kg/m2) who underwent elective abdominal surgery (Tehran, Iran, 2012-2015). The assessment of habitual PA was performed by a valid and reliable International PA Questionnaire-long form, and the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) was evaluated. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR evaluated the PPARγ expression in VAT and SAT. PPARγ expression in both VAT (1.18 vs. 0.37 fold change, P<0.001) and SAT (2.07 vs. 0.29 fold change, P=0.004) among obese subjects was higher than the non-obese group. After controlling for age, sex, and total energy in-take, a positive association was found between total METs and PPARγ expression in both VAT and SAT among obese participants (β=0.22, P=0.007 and β=0.12, P<0.001, respectively). Among obese participants, there was a direct association between leisure time-related METs with VAT PPARγ expression (β=0.05, P=0.026). Moreover, in this group, an association was observed between occupation-related METs with PPARγ in both fat tissues (β=0.11, P=0.002 and β=0.17, P=0.013, respectively), and household work-related METs with SAT PPARγ (β=0.21, P=0.011). High PA as an indispensable part of a healthy lifestyle may exert its beneficial effect by regulating PPARγ expression.

Association of Habitual Physical Activity With the Risk of All-Cause Mortality Among Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate the association of the risk of all-cause mortality with habitual physical activity (HPA) and its different domains among Chinese adults.MethodsA total of 11,994 participants from the Guangzhou Heart Study were followed up until 1 January 2020. Information on HPA, including leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and commute activity, was collected using a modified Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Individual cause of death was obtained from the National Death Registry of China. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjustment for covariates.ResultsDuring 37,715 person-years of follow-up, 208 deaths (1.73%) were observed. When compared with the highest with the lowest exposure tertiles, HPA and LTPA were associated with 34% (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46–0.95) and 30% (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49–0.99) reduced risk of all-cause mortality after adjustment for covariates. Commute activity was not associated with mortality risk. For the specific component of LTPA, we found that every 1 MET-h/week increment of the housework was associated with a 1% (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99) decreased mortality risk, and performing brisk walking/health exercises/Yangko was associated with a 46% reduced mortality risk (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29–0.99).ConclusionThis study suggests that a higher level of HPA and LTPA was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest people to perform HPA, especially LTPA, as a strategy for mortality reduction and health promotion.

No evidence of association between habitual physical activity and ECG traits: Insights from the electronic Framingham Heart Study

No evidence of association between habitual physical activity and ECG traits: Insights from the electronic Framingham Heart Study

Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Home Blood Pressure in the Electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS): Cross-sectional Study.

BackgroundWhen studied in community-based samples, the association of physical activity with blood pressure (BP) remains controversial and is perhaps dependent on the intensity of physical activity. Prior studies have not explored the association of smartwatch-measured physical activity with home BP.ObjectiveWe aimed to study the association of habitual physical activity with home BP.MethodsConsenting electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS) participants were provided with a study smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 0) and Bluetooth-enabled home BP cuff. Participants were instructed to wear the watch daily and transmit BP values weekly. We measured habitual physical activity as the average daily step count determined by the smartwatch. We estimated the cross-sectional association between physical activity and average home BP using linear mixed effects models adjusting for age, sex, wear time, antihypertensive drug use, and familial structure.ResultsWe studied 660 eFHS participants (mean age 53 years, SD 9 years; 387 [58.6%] women; 602 [91.2%] White) who wore the smartwatch 5 or more hours per day for 30 or more days and transmitted three or more BP readings. The mean daily step count was 7595 (SD 2718). The mean home systolic and diastolic BP (mmHg) were 122 (SD 12) and 76 (SD 8). Every 1000 increase in the step count was associated with a 0.49 mmHg lower home systolic BP (P=.004) and 0.36 mmHg lower home diastolic BP (P=.003). The association, however, was attenuated and became statistically nonsignificant with further adjustment for BMI.ConclusionsIn this community-based sample of adults, higher daily habitual physical activity measured by a smartwatch was associated with a moderate, but statistically significant, reduction in home BP. Differences in BMI among study participants accounted for the majority of the observed association.

Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Disease Risk

A sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Smartwatches enable accurate daily activity monitoring for physical activity measurement and intervention. Few studies, however, have examined physical activity measures from smartwatches in relation to traditional risk factors associated with future risk for CVD. To investigate the association of habitual physical activity measured by smartwatch with predicted CVD risk in adults. We enrolled consenting FHS (Framingham Heart Study) participants in an ongoing eFHS (electronic Framingham Heart Study) at the time of their FHS research center examination. We provided participants with a smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 0) and instructed them to wear it daily, which measured their habitual physical activity as the average daily step count. We estimated the 10-year predicted risk of CVD using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2013 pooled cohort risk equation. We estimated the association between physical activity and predicted risk of CVD using linear mixed effects models adjusting for age, sex, wear time, and familial structure. Our study included 903 eFHS participants (mean age 53±9 years, 61% women, 9% non-White) who wore the smartwatch ≥5 hours per day for ≥30 days. Median daily step count was similar among men (7202 with interquartile range 3619) and women (7260 with interquartile range 3068; P=0.52). Average 10-year predicted CVD risk was 4.5% (interquartile range, 6.1%) for men and 1.2% (interquartile range, 2.2%) for women (P=1.3×10-26). Every 1000 steps higher habitual physical activity was associated with 0.18% lower predicted CVD risk (P=3.2×10-4). The association was attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for body mass index (P=0.01). In this community-based sample of adults, higher daily physical activity measured by a study smartwatch was associated with lower predicted risk of CVD. Future research should examine the longitudinal association of prospectively measured daily activity and incident CVD.

0222 The Association of Habitual Physical Activity with 24-Hour Sleep Outcomes in Preschoolers

Abstract Introduction Sedentary behavior, physical activity (PA), and sleep are health behaviors that contribute significantly to overall and early childhood health. Although interactive relationships of these behaviors have been reported in adults and school-aged children, there is limited evidence that PA is associated with sleep using objective measures in younger children and findings have been mixed. The purpose of this study was to determine if objectively measured PA and sleep behavior outcomes are associated in preschoolers. Methods Participants (n=77, age: 4.34±177;0.91 years; 55.8% female) were included in this cross-sectional study. Actiwatch Spectrum monitors (wrist-worn, triaxial accelerometers) were worn 24-hours for 16-days to measure PA (total PA counts, sedentary time [ST], light PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and sleep (24-hour, nighttime, and nap sleep duration, bedtime, wake after sleep onset [WASO], and sleep efficiency). Results Multiple linear regression models adjusted for age and wear time during wake periods indicated that greater MVPA was associated with less nighttime sleep duration (β=-3.48, p&amp;lt;0.001), less total 24-hour sleep duration (β=-3.38, p&amp;lt;0.001), and a later bedtime (β=0.07, p&amp;lt;0.001). Total PA counts were associated with less nighttime sleep duration (β=-0.0002, p=0.001), less total 24-hour sleep duration (β=-0.0002, p=0.001), and a later bedtime (β=4.83, p=0.001). Greater ST was associated with greater total 24-hour sleep duration (β=1.92, p=0.006) and an earlier bedtime (β=-0.36, p=0.02). Percent time spent in light PA was not associated with any sleep outcomes and no PA variables were associated with nap sleep duration, WASO, or sleep efficiency. Conclusion As these findings are in contrast to previous studies reporting null or beneficial associations, further analyses are warranted to examine potential mediators/effect modifiers (e.g., sleep timing, gender, body mass index, and socioeconomic status) and temporal relationships between these movement behaviors in young children. Support NIH R01 HL111695

Association of habitual physical activity with leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues among non-diabetic people

Association of habitual physical activity with leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues among non-diabetic people

Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Target Organ Damage in Adolescents and Young Adults.

We aimed to (1)compare a subjective and objective measure of habitual physical activity (PA), (2)determine the association of PA and cardiovascular risk factors, and (3)test the hypothesis that PA is an independent determinant of target organ damage in youth. Cross-sectional analysis of youth with and without type 2 diabetes [mean age = 22 (3.9) y]. PA was measured with International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Actical accelerometer. Target organ damage was assessed with echocardiography and peripheral arterial testing. Subjects were stratified into tertiles of total PA, and differences were tested by analysis of variance and χ2 tests. General linear models tested for independent associations. The correlation between International Physical Activity Questionnaire and accelerometry was weak (r = .23, P = .0003). Less active subjects had worse cardiovascular risk profiles and target organ damage, including stiffer arteries (P < .01). These outcome differences did not reach statistical significance when adjusted for covariates, such as lipid levels and glycemic control. Survey assessment of PA is complicated by inaccurate reporting. There is a strong association of habitual PA with cardiovascular risk factor clustering. PA may exert its beneficial effect on arterial stiffness in obese youth through improved glycemic control.

Association of habitual physical activity with bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients

Association of habitual physical activity with bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients

Association of Habitual Physical Activity Measured by an Accelerometer with High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

After confirming the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and mortality in hemodialysis patients for study 1, we investigated the effect of physical activity on their HDL-C levels for study 2. In study 1, 266 hemodialysis patients were monitored prospectively for five years, and Cox proportional hazard regression confirmed the contribution of HDL-C to mortality. In study 2, 116 patients were recruited after excluding those with severe comorbidities or requiring assistance from another person to walk. Baseline characteristics, such as demographic factors, physical constitution, primary kidney disease, comorbid conditions, smoking habits, drug use, and laboratory parameters, were collected from patient hospital records. An accelerometer measured physical activity as the number of steps per day over five consecutive days, and multiple regression evaluated the association between physical activity and HDL-C levels. Seventy-seven patients died during the follow-up period. In study 1, we confirmed that HDL-C level was a significant predictor of mortality (P = 0.03). After adjusting for patient characteristics in study 2, physical activity was independently associated with HDL-C levels (adjusted R 2 = 0.255; P = 0.005). In conclusion, physical inactivity was strongly associated with decreased HDL-C levels in hemodialysis patients.

Habitual Physical Activity Is Associated With Intrahepatic Fat Content in Humans

Fatty liver may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise is a tool to improve insulin sensitivity, but little is known about its effect on intrahepatic fat (IHF) content. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of habitual physical activity, insulin resistance, and adiponectin with IHF content. Participants were 191 (77 female and 114 male) apparently healthy, nonalcoholic individuals (aged 19-62 years; BMI 17.0-35.5 kg/m2). IHF content was assessed in a quantitative fashion and noninvasively as a continuous variable by means of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and habitual physical activity was assessed by means of a questionnaire. Fatty liver was defined as IHF content of >5% wet weight, and insulin sensitivity was estimated using the computer homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-2 indexes. A reduced prevalence of fatty liver in the quartile of the most physically active individuals (25, 11, 25, and 2% in quartile 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; chi2 = 15.63; P = 0.001) was found along with an inverse correlation between the physical activity index and the IHF content when plotted as continuous variables (Pearson's r = -0.27; P < 0.000). This association was not attenuated when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, HOMA-2, and adiponectin (partial correlation r = -0.25; P < 0.001). This study demonstrated that a higher level of habitual physical activity is associated with a lower IHF content and suggested that this relationship may be due to the effect of exercise per se.

Metabolic Syndrome and Early Death

This editorial appraises an article in the current issue of Hypertension that examines the prospective relationships between features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and early death in a population-based cohort form Northern Italy.1 We also discuss, in light of that study’s findings, how relevant conventional definitions of the MetS are for identifying individuals at high risk of early death. The MetS describes a constellation of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Although varying definitions of the MetS exist, all of the commonly used definitions include a measure of obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.2–4 These definitions are based on “expert” opinion and not on evidence derived from prospective studies, which would be preferable. Thus, it remains uncertain whether the component features of the MetS or the thresholds at which each component is defined as present or absent are informative and optimal for predicting risk of disease or early death. It is also undetermined whether MetS represents a distinct pathophysiological entity. Notwithstanding these issues, the syndrome is extensively used in research studies, and many advocate its use in clinical practice5 to identify people at high risk of cardiovascular disease and early death. The idea that cardiovascular risk factors with a common etiology cluster in certain individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease was first popularized by Reaven6 in the 1980s, although the origins of the MetS date back much earlier.7 Reaven’s6 emphasis was on elucidating the underlying pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, for which he postulated that insulin resistance plays a pivotal role, and not on developing a diagnosis of MetS, which could be used in clinical practice. Superficially, at least, MetS relates strongly with cardiovascular morbidity and early death8; this is perhaps unsurprising, because so too do each of the component features of the …

Comparing the Roles of Physical Activity and Fitness in Arterial Stiffness: How Important Is Exposure Measurement Error?

To the Editor: The article by Boreham et al1 in the November 2004 issue of Hypertension reports the associations between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with pulse-wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness. One of the objectives of the study was to compare the relative relationships of physical activity and fitness with the outcome PWV. Indeed, the authors’ interpretation of their data leads them to state that “arterial stiffness related benefits of exercise are most likely to accrue if exercise prescription in young adults targets improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness”, implying that fitness is more important than physical activity in preventing stiffening of the arteries. Clearly, understanding the manner in which modifiable factors such as low physical activity and poor fitness relate with cardiovascular health is important for disease prevention. However, the conclusions and recommendations in the present study are based on data in which differential exposure measurement error is probably a pivotal factor; this possibility receives little attention in the article. Cardiorespiratory fitness, as assessed through a maximal oxygen consumption test, is not a simple construct, because fitness is determined by both modifiable factors, such as habitual physical activity (volume, intensity, and mode), smoking, and cardiovascular pathology, as well as nonmodifiable factors, such as genotype and intrauterine environment. Therefore, in considering the risk predisposed by low fitness and physical inactivity, one should preferably measure both exposures to a similar level of precision and then assess them in combination, thereby accounting for any shared variance. However, this is difficult to …

Does the association of habitual physical activity with the metabolic syndrome differ by level of cardiorespiratory fitness?

Cardiovascular fitness (VO(2max)) and physical activity are both related to risk of metabolic disease. It is unclear, however, whether the metabolic effects of sedentary living are the same in fit and unfit individuals. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to describe the association between physical activity and the metabolic syndrome and to test whether fitness level modifies this relationship. Physical activity was measured objectively using individually calibrated heart rate against energy expenditure. VO(2max) was predicted from a submaximal exercise stress test. Fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) were calculated using impedance biometry. A metabolic syndrome score was computed by summing the standardized values for obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and the inverse level of HDL cholesterol and was expressed as a continuously distributed outcome. To correct for exposure measurement error, a random subsample (22% of cohort) re-attended for three repeat measurements in the year following the first assessment. The relationship of VO(2max) (ml O2.kg(FFM)(-1).min(-1)) and the metabolic syndrome score was of borderline significance after adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, and measurement error (beta = -0.58, P = 0.06). The magnitude of the association between physical activity (kJ.d(-1).kg(FFM)(-1)) and the metabolic syndrome was more than three times greater than for VO(2max) (standardized beta = -1.83, P = 0.0042). VO(2max), however, modified the relationship between physical activity energy expenditure and metabolic syndrome (P = 0.036). This study demonstrates a strong inverse association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome, an association that is much steeper in unfit individuals. Thus, prevention of metabolic disease may be most effective in the subset of unfit inactive people.

Habitual physical activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men with primary hypercholesterolemia. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial.

The association of habitual physical activity with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and total triglyceride (TG) was examined in 7106 asymptomatic 35-59-year-old white men with primary type II hyperlipoproteinemia who attended the second screening visit of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial. Subjects were rated by usual level of physical activity at work and outside of work and the frequency of strenuous physical labor or exercise. By each of these three criteria, physical activity was monotonically related to HDL cholesterol and TG: the most physically active men had the highest HDL cholesterol and lowest TG levels. With respect to physical activity outside of work, for example, mean HDL cholesterol and TG were 46.4 and 152.1 mg/dl, respectively, in the most active group, and 41.4 and 186.7 mg/dl in the most sedentary group. Physical activity remained significantly predictive of HDL cholesterol and TG when other known correlates of these plasma constituents--age, Quetelet index, plasma total cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and clinic--were controlled individually by two-way analyses of variance or jointly by analysis of covariance. The association of physical activity with very low density lipoprotein cholesterol was parallel to but weaker than its association with TG. Low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were not significantly related to physical activity.