Association Agreement Research Articles

LEGAL ENSURING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The article defines the main normative legal acts to ensure the transformation of the government agrarian policy of Ukraine after the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, which will allow further legislative changes to be made in the construction of the government mechanism for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration. The purpose of the article is to research the regulatory and legal support of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in order to justify further changes in the government sectoral policy of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration. A number of basic legal acts regarding the development of government agrarian policy and various mechanisms of government regulation of individual sectors of the agrarian complex were analyzed, the main of which are: Concept of the development of rural areas for the period until 2025, Concept of the development of farms and agricultural cooperation for the period of 2018-2020, Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine «On the Functioning of the Government Agrarian Register», Law of Ukraine «On State Assistance to Business Entities», Government Regional Development Strategy for 2021-2027, Draft Concept of Rural Development until 2030, UN Transitional Framework Program 2022- 2023, resolution «On Amendments to the Procedure for the Use of Funds Provided in the Government Budget for Providing Support to Farms and Other Producers of Agricultural Products». The principles of government support for agriculture in Ukraine, the key goals of the development of rural areas and agricultural activity, the key vectors of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine on the way to European integration have been determined. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework, conclusions were made regarding the long-term prospects of the agrarian policy of Ukraine.

Environmental challenges and economic cooperation between Ukraine and the EU: prospects for sustainable development

The article is dedicated to analyzing the cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union, which began with the signing of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement in 1994 and reached a new level after the signing of the Association Agreement in 2014. The focus is on the impact of this agreement on Ukraine’s domestic and foreign policies, particularly in the context of sustainable development and ensuring environmental security. The article examines the role of international agreements in regulating Ukraine’s environmental policy, particularly the principles of preventive measures and the use of natural resources within the framework of sustainable development. Despite the formal incorporation of relevant provisions in international treaties, the real situation regarding environmental security remains challenging due to the conflict between the economic interests of developed countries and transnational corporations and the demands of environmental protection. The article separately addresses the influence of international law on the development of Ukraine’s energy policy and its integration into the pan-European energy space. The importance of transitioning to renewable energy sources and the role of the European Union in financing and supporting such projects are analyzed. It is noted that sustainable development and environmental protection should become priorities within the framework of Ukraine’s energy security policy. The article also outlines the main challenges Ukraine faces in the context of international environmental security, particularly the insufficient effectiveness of international organizations in recognizing and counteracting environmental crimes. Despite this, the importance of cooperation with the EU to achieve a stable deceleration of environmental degradation is emphasized.

СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК ТОРГІВЛІ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article highlights the theoretical aspect of sustainable trade development. It is found that trade development through more rational and efficient use of resources, production growth, increased income and investment leads to economic growth and employment. It is found that the sustainability of domestic trade is reflected primarily in its impact on human development. It is determined that the sustainable development of Ukraine's trade is laid down in the provisions of trade agreements between Ukraine and other countries and unions of countries. The author analyzes the features of the WTO agreement on sustainable trade development. The article analyzes the provisions of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement in the area of trade policy development with regard to sustainable development. It is noted that trade is key to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It is found that the main direction of implementation of socio-economic management methods for sustainable trade development is performance management, which enhances the social orientation of management through the effect of activity and creates a system of motivation and incentives for labor. It has been found that trade is also important for social integration, which, along with the economy and the environment, is one of the three pillars of sustainable development. In Ukraine, environmental and sustainable development issues are poorly integrated into the process of formulating and implementing public policy, including trade policy. Therefore, environmental protection and sustainable development should be clearly enshrined in trade policy. The presence of environmental factors in a trade agreement cannot depend solely on the policies and approaches of the other party.

Determinants of the Factors Affecting the Governance Structure Choice of the Pineapple Value Chain: A Case Study on Market-based Agroforestry in Bangladesh

This study examines the governance structures selected by pineapple farmers in the agroforestry system of Bangladesh and the determinants that impact their choices for these structures. To evaluate the factors influencing farmers' decisions to participate in spot markets, bilateral agreements, or association transactions, the study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative approaches, including surveys of 200 farmers, 15 focus group discussions (FGDs), and 2 key informant interviews (KIIs). In order to choose individual participants, the study employed a stratified random sampling technique. Utilising a multivariate probit (MVP) model, the study reveals crucial factors like age, education, farming experience, farm size, market certainty, weather influence, market connection, and pre-delivery conditions. Analysis indicates that spot market is the most favored governance structure (GS) among the three options in the agroforestry system, followed by bilateral transactions and association agreements. Evidence suggests that younger and less educated farmers tend to favor associations, whereas more experienced farmers tend to favor bilateral partnerships. Farms of bigger size typically refrain from joining groups, and unfavorable weather circumstances decrease the probability of engaging in spot markets. The study also demonstrates that robust market links exert an impact on the selection of governance frameworks. Considering the results, the study suggests enhancing training programs to facilitate farmers' understanding and involvement in associations, motivating farmer associations to appeal to larger farms and small farmers, and enhancing market information systems to establish robust market connections.

How War Is Rebordering Ukraine

Ukraine’s border regions have been long associated with the country’s cultural and linguistic diversity, but also with political cleavages and alternative geopolitical orientations. The annexation of Crimea by Russia and the military conflict in Donbas violently reshaped Ukraine’s eastern borderlands and led to alienation between the two countries. At the same time, the Ukraine-EU Association Agreement and visa-free regime facilitated the growing reorientation of Ukrainian society toward Europe. The 2022 Russian invasion, occupation of further Ukrainian territories and mass displacement intensified these trends. While the war is forging the country together, it is experienced in very different ways in its regions, and these collective experiences will matter for postwar Ukrainian politics.

Перспективи розвитку транскордонного співробітництва на рівні місцевого самоврядування в Україні

The irreversible course of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union is vividly demonstrated every day in the media by the unwavering support of our country by international partners and organisations, as well as by the top officials of foreign states. The key task is to adapt the acquis communautaire into the national legislation of Ukraine. All reforms are taking place in parallel with the Ukrainian government’s accession negotiations, starting with the ratification of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement in 2014. An integral attribute of EU accession is the implementation of decentralisation reforms, including the development of cross-border cooperation of territorial communities. This is an important tool for the development of regions, cities and territorial communities, especially those bordering on neighbouring countries or having partnerships with territorial partners in other countries. Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the EU countries have virtually unanimously expressed political support for our country. The EU candidate status granted to Ukraine allows us to create the best conditions for the development of cross-border cooperation. Regardless of the duration of Ukraine’s accession process, the prospect of Ukraine’s membership in the EU has become a political reality and will sooner or later mean its integration into the EU single market and the Schengen area. Cross-border cooperation of subnational actors should be seen as a tool for territorial development of regions and communities, which ultimately benefits the whole country and should be in the public interest. State support for the development of cross-border cooperation at the regional and local level should be understood as a necessary investment that brings mutual benefits to all its partners. They will be able to use the opportunities offered by EU programmes for cross-border cooperation through various funding projects. In addition, such cooperation is of public interest to every European country. The state is obliged to be interested in this and provide opportunities to develop such cooperation. Therefore, in June 2024, the Law of Ukraine ‘On International Territorial Cooperation of Ukraine’ was recently adopted, which addresses a number of shortcomings and problems of local government functioning within the framework of international cooperation between territorial communities and regions of foreign countries.

Ensuring social standards as a principle of functioning of state authorities in accordance with the Association Agreement (theoretical and legal aspect)

The article discloses the content of social standards that state authorities are obliged to observe in the process of exercising their competence after the Association Agreement enters into force. Attention is focused on the fact that EU requirements regarding the activities of all branches of the state apparatus of Ukraine in terms of ensuring social standards are of primary importance in the context of the introduction of European approaches to good governance. It is substantiated that the timely and optimal implementation of EU social standards in Ukraine is possible only if a special legal mechanism is developed and applied. The heart of such a mechanism is the Association Agreement. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the specified document, the essence of the most significant social standards, which Ukraine undertakes to implement in practice, has been identified and disclosed. In particular, it is ensuring justice and improving the quality of life of citizens on the basis of equality and non-discrimination, increasing the level of social orientation of state policy towards migrants, introducing innovative approaches in the sphere of activity of authorities to combat the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, precursors and psychotropic substances in order to overcome negative consequences for health and the negative social consequences of drug addiction, taking into account the social interests of the modern population while simultaneously caring for future generations, developing measures aimed at minimizing the risks to the population’s health from the nuclear industry, the social orientation of the organization of the fiscal and economic policy of the state. It has been proven that against the background of the deepening of the European integration processes of Ukraine, the modernization of the domestic social policy of the state is inevitable. First of all, this process requires the creation of an innovative legal basis for diversifying the mechanisms of its implementation, leveling the level of socio-economic development of Ukraine in order to avoid regional socio-economic asymmetry. In practice, this takes the form of changes in the legal regulation of a significant number of institutions of social security law of Ukraine, revision of organizational and legal approaches of state administration in the direction of implementing social standards.

The degree of freedom of the designer of the industrial design

The article is devoted to the study of the essence of the concept of the degree of freedom of the designer of an industrial design in the context of such a criterion of the protectionability of an industrial design as an individual character. The Law of Ukraine «On Protection of Rights to Industrial Designs» has been analyzed for the purpose of defining the concept of «designer’s degree of freedom». It has been established that the domestic law does not contain a broad explanation of the mentioned concept. It has been found that some additional information regarding the understanding of the concept of «designer’s degree of freedom» is contained in such a secondary legal act as the recently approved Rules for drawing up and submitting an application for an industrial design and conducting an examination of an application for an industrial design and international registration of an industrial design. It has been analysed the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, as well as Directive 98/71/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of October 13, 1998 on legal protection industrial designs and Council Regulation (EC) No. 6/2002 of December 12, 2001 on Community industrial designs, the provisions of which were implemented in 2020 into the Law of Ukraine «On the Protection of Industrial Design Rights». It has been established that the above-mentioned international legal acts do not provide a deep interpretation of the concept of the designer’s degree of freedom. Separate foreign and international court cases have been considered, in which the designer’s degree of freedom in specific practical cases has been analyzed in detail. It has been clarified and illustrated with real examples the specific importance of the degree of freedom of the designer for the individual character of an industrial design. On the basis of domestic legislation, international legal acts, foreign and international judicial practice, own conclusions have been drawn regarding the understanding of the concept of the degree of freedom of the author of an industrial design. It has been established under which circumstances the degree of freedom of the designer cannot be limited. It has been concluded that the requirements for the differences of the designed product from others, which make an impression on the informed user, depend on the lower or higher degree of freedom of the designer.

The problem of proving the use and non-use of a trademark arises in the context of disputes on revocation of a Ukrainian trademark certificate

The article contains a practical analysis of the challenges faced by parties in Ukrainiancourt when proving the use or non-use of a trademark in a dispute on the revocation (earlytermination) of the Ukrainian trademark certificate. From the theoretical and practical pointof view, the problem arises due to the absence of a direct legal provision and well-establishedcourt practice regarding the sufficient scope and manners of a trademark use, when each ofthe parties must prove the opposite facts before the court — use and non-use of the trademarkin question. Thus, the essence of such litigation revolves around the plaintiff’s need to provethe non-use and the defendant’s need to prove the use of the trademark in question. In general,the following questions arise: Is the trademark certificate owner (the defendant) obliged touse the trademark to label goods (proving its real, genuine use) for each good under the Niceclassification? Additionally, how many of the manners of using the trademark, as listed inlaw, are sufficient to confirm real (genuine) use? These questions arise in every court case,since this is not directly regulated in the laws of Ukraine. Consequently, the parties oftenrefer to Article 198 of the Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine regarding«genuine use» as opposed to «formal/symbolic use» of the trademark.In a result of conducted research and made analysis, it appears that the subject of proof insuch cases is the defendant’s (or licensee’s) use (or non-use) of the trademark for eachgood/service listed in the trademark certificate, and the use must be demonstrated in at leastone of the manners listed in Art. 16(4) of the Law of Ukraine «On Protection of Rights toMarks for Goods and Services» dated 15.12.1993 No.3689-XII. Therefore, a proper and admissibleevidence of trademark use may include presenting the court with the labeled good, aswell as any documents, writings, papers, which demonstrate use of a trademark in, at least,one manner per each good/service for which a trademark is registered. Article contains withextracts from the numerous court decisions to provide for examples of written documents,submitted by parties in alike cases, as evidence of trademark use (non-use). Theoretical conclusionsand practical recommendations are summarized based on analysed court decisions.

EU Association Agreement with Ukraine and Unrecognized Territories

The focus of this article is a legal analysis of the status of Crimea and the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People’s Republic (LPR) that are parts of the Ukrainian territory that was annexed and separated as a result of the Russian invasion. The authors state that Russia brutally violated the principles and norms of international law and that Russia’s military invasion has been condemned strongly by the international community. Moreover, international sanctions have been introduced against Russia and these territories. Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the unrecognized status of the so-called DPR and LPR largely determines the effects of the Association Agreement (AA) between the EU and Ukraine regarding these territories. The formation of a free trade area stipulated in the AA cannot cover Crimea or the so-called DPR and LPR. These territories and their populations cannot enjoy to the full extent the preferences obtained by Ukraine after the AA came into force. Ukrainian legislation concerning the legal status of Crimea and the so-called DPR and LPR is also analyzed in detail.

ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP UKRAINE–EU: RETROSPECT AND CHALLENGES OF FURTHER ENHANCED COOPERATION

Ukraine has been a priority partner of the EU since the signing of the Association Agreement in 2014. It was the significant financial and economic support of the EU as a whole and, in particular, of individual EU member states that became a key tool for avoiding catastrophic consequences in the financial and economic system of our country at the beginning of a full-scale war and for the current financing of the state budget deficit. Today, the European Union's support for Ukraine is extremely significant, although it is accompanied by a number of problematic issues that require an in-depth study of certain aspects of economic partnership in terms of finding ways and directions to improve the use of the potential of bilateral economic relations with the European Union as a whole and with individual EU member states.The methodological basis of the study is based on general scientific and special methods of economic theory, in particular, methods of theoretical generalization and comparative analysis for a comprehensive consideration of the research issue, and statistical methods of analysis. In the course of the study, the statistical materials of the European Union and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine on foreign trade in goods were used.Modern scientific views on the content and prospects of Ukraine's economic partnership with the EU are studied. The key stages of the development of Ukraine's economic partnership with the European Union are summarized and schematized, with details of the areas of sectoral cooperation. The main indicators of trade relations and their role in the economies of the studied countries are analyzed. The key obstacles to further deepening of the economic partnership are substantiated, the elimination of which should be the primary goal of our country on the way to European integration.The obtained results can serve for further study of trade relations and their role in the economies of the studied countries.

Problems of integration processes between Ukraine and the EU

The paper examines the problems of integration processes between Ukraine and the EU. The purpose of the paper is to generalize the theoretical aspects of economic integration, to highlight the existing problems of economic integration of Ukraine in the EU. Changes in the economic and political vector of Ukraine's development have significantly affected internal processes in the country, economic integration means compliance by Ukraine with certain requirements that should help it integrate into the EU economic space in various directions. Economic integration has always been one of the key issues in foreign countries. Some states are constantly trying to create economic associations for the development of foreign economic activity. This is primarily related to issues of economic security of states. Implementation of the Association Agreement is associated with certain problems. Undoubtedly, the state of war makes adjustments to this process, but even before that, the business side expressed certain comments regarding the implementation of the Agreement. The results of expert surveys on the impact of the Association Agreement, assessments of the future impact of the Association Agreement, the main obstacles to export and import have been synthesized. The main problems in the implementation of sectors of the Association Agreement are highlighted: corruption and shadow economy, insufficient protection of intellectual property rights, violations in the field of public procurement, lack of real and effective measures to increase energy efficiency, lack of real ways to stimulate environmentally safe production, low social security of the population, incomplete use of regulatory mechanisms for stimulating innovative development.

Key stages of adapting the acquis communautaire to Ukraine's legal system: a historical overview

The article is aimed at clarifying the status of regulatory and legal support for the process of adaptation of the national legislation to the acquis communautaire. It is stated that the Ukrainian state has already completed most of the steps to join the EU. Attention is focused on the relevance of the study, which is due to Ukraine's officially obtaining the EU candidate status and the transition to the negotiation process between the EU and Ukraine on the latter's accession to the EU. The author analyses the provisions of Ukrainian legislation and scientific research on the understanding of the concept of ‘acquis communautaire’. The author's definition of this legal phenomenon is formulated, which should be understood as the sources of EU law, standards, principles of external and internal activities and other achievements of the European Communities. The author's own approach to distinguishing four stages of adaptation of the national legislation to the acquis communautaire in chronological order is proposed. The first stage was when Ukrainian legislation implemented the EU norms and standards to establish economic cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in various areas for the development of various relations between the partners. The second stage was a testament to the irresistible desire of Ukraine and Ukrainians to be part of the EU community and contributed to the signing and entry into force of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. The third stage demonstrates Ukraine's path from the signing of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement to the EU candidate status. The fourth stage is connected with the European Council's announcement of the start of negotiations with Ukraine on the country's accession to the EU and the need for comprehensive harmonisation and adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the EU acquis in connection with the prospect of EU membership. It is emphasised that the implementation of the acquis communautaire into the national legal system should pursue national interests and be a political, economic, legal and social consensus on key issues of European integration transformations

Deep, Comprehensive and Free Trade With The Euroepan Union For The Agricultural Sector of Georgia, Is it a Threat or an Opportunity Expansion?

In the article - "Deep, comprehensive and free trade with the European Union for the agricultural sector of Georgia, is it a threat or an opportunity expansion?" - the question raised is discussed from the perspective of the future development of Georgian agriculture. The article mentions that no country in the world can develop properly without foreign trade. So is Georgia. Therefore, the association agreement signed by the European Union with Georgia gave it wide opportunities to expand trade in the European Union countries and, therefore, to develop the economy. The article mentions that in Georgia agriculture, that is, the agro sector, is considered a priority field. The country should focus on the agricultural sector to expand exports to the European Union. Implementation of this policy has begun, but it faces many obstacles. In the article, it is substantiated by proper calculation that today the agro-food products of Georgia are not competitive in the European Union market. The reason for this is high costs, low quality, small volume of export flows and others. In turn, this is caused by the abundance of small farmers in the agro sector of Georgia, who are easily defeated in the market by large European agro-firms of the same profile. The article ends with the statement that no positive transformation has taken place in the agro-sector of Georgia associating with the European Union. The share of EU markets in its exports is minimal. Moreover, large European Union companies, which have the opportunity to sell products at a low price, are gradually capturing the domestic food market of Georgia. Keywords: Opportunity and threat; Agro-food products; EU market; Concurrency.

Tax policy transformation in Georgia: Assessing the effectiveness of general state tax amendments on economic sustainability and business growth (2017-2021)

This research aims to determine the role of 2017-2021 general state tax amendments in terms of economic development and improvement of the business environment in Georgia. The following factors were used To evaluate the effectiveness of the tax burden: How the tax system is adjusted to the payer, whether it contributes to economic progress, and what the scope of taxes is. Tax policy experts were interviewed and asked to discuss tax policy reform objectives, options, and mechanisms. The interviews were semi-structured, supported by a briefing document and a topical guide, audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The efficiency of implemented changes for the EU Association Agreement was also evaluated. Compared to Georgian tax policy, EU tax policy is more liberal. The research revealed opportunities, future perspectives, and the significance of tax reforms and their positive effect on businesses. Based on in-depth interview findings, a detailed analysis of the financial sector is offered.

დინამიური კონკურენციის განვითარების პერსპექტივები საქართველოში, ევროკავშირის კანდიდატი ქვეყნის სტატუსის ჭრილში

The paper discusses the theoretical foundations of dynamic competition in terms of the opportunities for innovative development at the expense of intellectual property protection and quality management, the benefits of society under the conditions of dynamic competition within the framework of the Nash equilibrium, the financial problems of establishing societies, the study of the dynamics of employment in Georgia during the transition period, the definition of corporatism and brandism, and development perspectives. The legal framework will also be studied, including the Association Agreement, the candidate statute and the negotiation phase requirements for employers, and the general content of the socially oriented economy of the European Union. The authors conclude that dynamic competition is being established in Georgia on a large scale, which contradicts the principles of free entrepreneurship, economic "freedom", laissez-faire of Schumpeter, Weber, Hayek and others, and opposes the concept of responsible consumer, and which can be perceived as a form of additional regulation in the conditions of overproduction of the market economy. In the West, in the Pareto equilibrium, on average, about 80% of GDP comes to only 20% of the population, while 80% of the population creates only about 20% of GDP on average, and the dilemma of the self-employed becomes more and more relevant in terms of socio-economic development of countries, which the development of nanotechnologies, artificial intelligence (neural networks) and robotics is also increasing. Also, based on accounting and financial reporting approaches, the principles of recognition of innovation research and development costs in the modern economy will be discussed, indicating the compatibility of their content with dynamic competition and the possibility of the state's potential role in stimulating this area. In the end, according to the authors' conclusion, only those nations that promote innovative development and which need to be stimulated in conditions of real annual economic growth of up to 4% have a future arising from evolutionary economics perspectives.

PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY ASSURANCE INUKRAINE: RELEVANCE OF ISSUES REGARDING THE STANDARDS OF INTERNATIONAL LEVEL PROGRAM DOCUMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS OF UKRAINE

The publication contains results of the research of assurance of higher education quality within the field ofknowledge “Public administration and governance” in such areas as “program documents of international level” and“Ukraine’s obligations to other countries”. In accordance with these directions, there was made an analysis of thecontent of the UN program document “Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development” andThe European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement (issues of the higher education quality) were analyzed. Thearticle contains recommendations and generalizations on the technology of using the content of internationaldocuments to justify the relevance of the research performed within the field of knowledge “Public administration andgovernance”.

New Compact of Free Association Agreements with Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau Approved by Congress

New Compact of Free Association Agreements with Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau Approved by Congress

Public management in the conditions of European integration and globalization: challenges and prospects

The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of public management in Ukraine in the conditions of European integration and globalization. It has been established that public management is a complex and multifaceted entity as an object of scientific knowledge, the basis of which is a concept based on the close relationship between politics and law, management and power, the political system and society in general, as well as the interaction of society with various elements of social systems. It is noted that there is No. stable, comprehensive and universally recognized formulation of public management in the literature. The definition of public management is approached rather from the standpoint of the actual content of the activity or the forms it can take. It was revealed that the main characteristics of the public management system in each state depend on the state structure, political regime and political culture, functioning of political institutions, electoral system, relations between politicians and civil servants, between authorities and institutions of civil society. It was established that the processes of globalization and integration are especially relevant for the development of the modern period of public management. It is emphasized that an important problem for the domestic management system is the search for effective concepts of public management and their implementation in the modern state-building practice.This issue becomes particularly relevant in view of the fact that, having ratified the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, Ukraine has defined the state policy as such, aimed at bringing the standard of living of Ukrainian citizens closer to European standards, instilling European values in all spheres of functioning of the Ukrainian state and society. It was concluded that European integration and globalization make their own corrections in state management, and now the focus is on ensuring the effective work of public management in the face of European integration and globalization challenges. One of the main options for the effectiveness of public management in those conditions is the full consolidation of efforts and mutual understanding at all its levels, which is now extremely important, the establishment of close cooperation with society.

Торгово-экономические отношения между Арменией и Россией в постсоветский период

The article examines the problems and prospects of post-Soviet integration on the example of trade and economic relations between Armenia and Russia. The reasons for Armenia’s accession to the EAEU and at the same time the signing of the Comprehensive and Expanded Partnership Agreement with the EU, which is considered a simplified version of the Association Agreement are analyzed. The author studies new vectors of development of the Republic of Armenia after the change of political leadership as a result of the “velvet revolution” of 2018 as a manifestation of greater pragmatism in integration cooperation with the EAEU countries and protection of national interests in the conduct of a multi-vector policy.