Assiut City Research Articles

Viability of The Isolated Yersinia enterocolitica Strains from Damietta Cheese and Ice Cream at Different Refrigeration and Freezing Temperatures

Yersinia enterocolitica is considered one of the most prevalent pathogens transmitted through milk and milk products. Therefore, we aimed to detect the prevalence of these bacteria in cheese and ice cream and study the influence of refrigeration and freezing on its growth patterns. A total of 80 samples of cheese and ice cream were collected from Assiut city, Egypt (40 samples each). The collected samples were examined for the isolation of Y. enterocolitica by the classical culture method and improved by the PCR technique. The incidence of Y. enterocolitica was 17.5 and 25.0 % in the examined cheese and ice cream samples by culture method, respectively, its prevalence in the tested cheese and ice cream samples basing on PCR were 7.5 and 15% since 42.8 and 60.0% of the isolated Y. enterocolotica were confirmed positive. Bio- typing and serotyping of the isolated strains revealed that 8 out of the confirmed strains were pathogenic ; Y. enterocolitica serotype O: 3 was the most prevalent strain, and all of the pathogenic strains carried the virulent ail gene. Nearly similar growth patterns of Y. enterocolitica were recorded during storage of cheese at 4 ± 2°C and 30 ± 2oC and, a significant difference was observed in the 3rd week, the organism found to be survived for 18 weeks with a mean value of 7.4 ± 0.5 and 6.9 ± 0.16 log cfu/ g for cheese stored at 4 ± 2°C and 30 ± 2°C respectively. In the case of ice cream, there was a significant difference between the behavior of Y. enterocolitica during freezing storage at -6 ± 2°Cand -18± 2oC in the 2nd week, the mean value for the organism count on the 16th week was 5.3 ± 0.26 and 5.6 ± 0.39 log cfu/ g, respectively.

Prevalence and Association of Malnutrition with Lifestyle practices of Primary School Children in Assiut City

Coexistence of obesity and underweight in children is a public health challenge, and in order for a child to develop into a healthy adult, he must follow healthy lifestyle practices in all aspects: nutrition, physical activity and recreation. This study aimed to determine prevalence of overweight/obesity, underweight and stunting among primary school children in Assiut city as well as to assess their association with lifestyle practices Subjects and Methods: A descriptive correlational study design conducted in Assiut city. Four schools were randomly selected (two public and two private) and 850 children from the last three grades were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to assess personal data, lifestyle practice and anthropometric characteristics. Results: The prevalence of underweight, overweight and stunting of primary school children were 41.2%, 14.4% and 13.8%, respectively. These proportions were high among males versus females without significant difference and were affected significantly by age (p 3 times, always eating during screening time, irregular physical activity, not eating vegetables or breakfast and consumed snacks regularly were highly significant risk factors for being overweight/obese (P <0.001). Whereas, no association between most life style practices and stunting. Conclusion: The prevalence of stunting and underweight was high among boys, while girls tend to be overweight / obese. These abnormal weight categories (overweight/obesity and underweight) were significantly associated with lifestyle practices of school children. Therefore, there is need to develop behavioral approach policies to motivate children to change their unhealthy behaviors.

Risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water on the human health, Assiut City, and its environs, Egypt

The continuous urbanization and industrialization in many parts of the Assiut City have led to the incidence of elevated concentrations of heavy metal (HM) in soil, surface water, and groundwater. Nine HMs (As, Mn, Pb, Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Cu) were investigated in 35 drinking water samples in Assiut City and its villages. In this study, the HMs are higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for drinking water and so were not acceptable. The chronic daily intake (CDIingestion) values of these metals appeared according to the order of As > Mn > Pb> Fe > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cd > Cu. The rating of human health hazard by using the hazard quotient (HQ) values had desirable limits, represented to be non-carcinogenic to humans by oral intake and dermal surface assimilation of water. In addition, the HIdermal values are almost negligible compared with those of HIingestion, reflecting the great concern of ingestion pathway than other exposure pathways, where the HI of all metals by ingestion is more than 200 times higher dermal contact. The results of carcinogenic risk for Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were less than the acceptable limit (10−6), while Co is not detected in all samples. Regarding the target cancer rate (TCR), 91.62% of carcinogenic values are probably attributed to As, which is classified as a human carcinogen followed by Ni (with TCR of 5.43%), Cr (2.81%), Cd (0.13%), and Pb (0.01%), while other HMs as Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn have no carcinogenic adverse health effect. Using this study as a database for the groundwater-drinking and surface standards should be revised for different countries to show the intake rates of other water resources. Government should pay attention to improve the water quality of Assiut City and its vicinities by reducing the causes of drinking water contamination with HMs.

Understanding the Requirements of Applied Evidence-Based Decision Making in Social Protection Policies in Egypt

Evidence-based decision-making is of great importance in professional interventions in social work within many areas of professional practice. One of the important areas of social work in the Egyptian environment is the field of economic Aids. In this field, social workers provide all economic aids to applicants as a kind of social protection provided to them by countries including the services of the social welfare policies in Egypt. The current study explores the requirements of applied Evidence-based decision making in social protection policies in Egypt. The purpose of this study is to determine the requirements (knowledge, skill, and value) that are necessary for evidence-based decision-making in social protection policies. The sample of this study consists of 71 social workers from Assiut City, Egypt, 39 males, and 32 females, ages 28 through 60 years. Finally, strategies for helping social workers ton incorporating Evidence-based decision making in Social protection policies in Egypt are suggested.

Acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (retrospective study)

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) has named the virus as 2019 novel coronavirus on January 12, 2020, and has declared a public health emergency globally on January 30, 2020. The epidemic started in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019 and quickly spread to over 200 countries. COVID-19 can cause multiple organ injuries (e.g., kidney, heart, blood, and nervous system). Among them, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication due to its high incidence and mortality rate. So, it is essential to evaluate AKI in COVID-19 patients during this pandemic state. The aim of this work is to detect the occurrence of AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. So, a retrospective study was conducted on hospitalized adult patients > 18 years old with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the Abo Teeg Hospital at Assiut City, Egypt, from May 1, 2020, to July 1, 2020. All data were collected from medical records, patients’ follow-up, and charts. Data were verified, coded by the researcher, and analyzed using IBM-SPSS 21.0.ResultsEighty-six COVID-19 patients were admitted to Abo Teeg Hospital in Assiut City, Egypt, between May and July 2020. Thirty-eight patients (33%) were of the male gender. Mean age was 58.07 ± 17.9, and 61 patients developed AKI. 32.8% of the AKI group were a stage I severity (increase in serum creatinine by 0.3 mg/dl within 48 h), 21.3% of them presented by stage II (2–2.9 times increase in serum creatinine), and 45.9% were in stage III (3 times or more increase in serum creatinine). The overall hospital mortality for the patients admitted to ICU with AKI was 6.7% (11/61), compared to 1% (4/25) in those without AKI.ConclusionHospitalized patients with COVID-19 had a higher risk of AKI, and we recommended that those patients should be evaluated after discharge for the development of CKD.

Persistent Organochlorine Pesticides in Fresh Nile Tilapia Fish from Assiut City, Egypt and their Health Effects on Human

Abstract: The present study investigated some residues of organochlorine pesticides in the highly consumed types of fish in Egypt, tilapia. 75 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from fishing sites in three areas, Caesarea, Qualidia, and El wasta in Assiut city to detect the extent of the pollution in the city. The residues were analyzed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Average concentrations of pesticide residues in the muscle of tilapia were estimated. The results showed the presence of different types of organochlorine pesticides in Caesarea, Qualidia, and El-wasta areas in varying degrees. Organochlorine pesticide residue levels have not exceeded the maximum residual limit. Overall, the highest levels of pesticide residues were found in Caesarea and El wasta than Qualidia area.

Visual outcome after femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty versus conventional penetrating technique

Purpose To evaluate and compare the visual outcome after femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty (FLAK) versus conventional penetrating technique. Settings and design This is a nonrandomized prospective comparative study that included a total of 30 eyes of 30 patients (16 females and 14 males) who underwent keratoplasty at three private eye centers in Assiut city, Egypt. These patients were divided into two groups: group I included 15 patients who were subjected to femtosecond laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty and group II included 15 patients who were subjected to conventional penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Patients and methods Visual outcome and intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated over a 18-month follow-up period. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program. Student t test, paired sample t test, and χ 2 test were used for the comparisons. Results Both uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity showed marked improvement in both groups at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively. However, FLAK group showed statistically better uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months compared with conventional PKP group (all P&lt;0.01). The mean sphere improved significantly in both groups at all follow-up periods. Flattest K (K1), steepest K (K2), and K mean showed a significant reduction in both groups at all follow-up periods with no significant differences between groups. Lower occurrence of postoperative complications was noticed in FLAK group compared with PKP group, with a nonsignificant difference (P=0.255). Conclusion Both techniques are effective, but FLAK has been shown to result in faster and better visual recovery, with significantly less astigmatism and lower complications compared with conventional PKP.

NUTRITIVE VALUE AND CHEMICAL QUALITY INDICATORS OF IMPORTED CATTLE’S LIVER

The present study was conducted to assess the quality of imported frozen liver sold in Assiut markets, Egypt. A total of 100 samples were randomly collected over a 2 months period (January to March, 2020) from poultry slaughter shops, supermarkets and frozen meat markets. The liver samples were evaluated for chemical indicators of spoilage (pH, TVBN Total Volatile base nitrogen, and TBA Thiobarbituric acid) and some of the nutritional aspects (percentage of moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrates, as well as, gross energy (Kcal/100g) and cholesterol content (mg/100g), beside levels of iron (mg/100g). The obtained mean values of pH, TVBN (mg/100 g) and TBA (mg/kg) of the examined samples were 6.38 ± 0.01, 25.76 ± 0.44, and 0.65 ± 0.03, respectively. Of the examined samples, 92 % showed pH value exceeded the permissible limits of Egyptian standards; however, 88 % showed TVBN content within the set limit. The mean values of moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates (%) were 70.54 ± 0.11, 21.64 ± 0.08, 3.58± 0.12, 1.50 ± 0.018, and 2.74 ± 0.11, respectively. The calculated gross energy mean value was of 133.09 ± 1.06 Kcal/100 g. Additionally, the cholesterol and iron content mean values were 130.85 ± 2.17 mg/100 g and 16.07 ± 0.24 mg/100 g, respectively in the examined imported frozen liver samples. In conclusion, imported frozen liver sold in markets of Assiut city Egypt is of fair quality; it should be consumed sporadically and with care of TBARS, cholesterol and iron potential hazards.

Modelling Pedestrians &amp; Cyclists Interaction with Traffic Flow in Urban Areas.(Dept.C)

Little work has been done on pedestrians and cyclists as a viable form of transport in urban areaes to assess their characteristics and their interaction with traffic. Software designed for motor vehicles and are not appropriate for modeling pedestrians and cyclists sharing the traffic this road space in busy shopping areas within the (C.B.D) of towns. There are distinct incompatibilities between traffic characteristics and pedestrians & cyclists behaviour. In this paper an attempt has been made to assess the interaction of both pedestrians and cyclists with traffic flow through a study in urban area (Assiut City C.B.D). Recommended values for pedestrians and bicycles equivalency factors are given for planning applications to enable the best utilization of transport facilities.

Outdoor space quality: Impact of deep canyon thermal comfort in an urban residential community

Urban design between buildings has a strong impact on people who use outdoor spaces. It is directly linked to the configuration of the street axes, orientation, and canopy ratio. This study investigates the impact of urban geometry between residential buildings in Assiut city, Egypt with a ratio of (H/W) 4 as a common design concept of big complexes, on residences thermal comfort and flats indoor environment. Thermal comfort for outdoor spaces in the urban canyon was evaluated based on field measurement in a different location using different parameters (Temperature, relative humidity, CO2, and wind speed) during the hot months of the summer season. Also evaluation for indoor environment of different flats overlooking the urban canyon. The results indicated that the quality of outdoor spaces, in deep canyons of the El-Ebrahimia complex, affects residents thermal comfort with a significant reduction of canyon temperature is achieved with a temperature difference range from 7 to 10 Kelvin (K) between outdoor temperature and canyon temperature and 10 K for flats overlooking the canyon due to canyon design and (H/W) ratio. Temperature reduction of canyon temperature causes thermal comfort for residents to practice social activities with a temperature range between 26 °C to 30 °C for the Standard Effective Temperature (SET*). The study provided information to use deep urban canyons as multiple designs in residential complexes of the Assiut hot arid climate.

Habits and Socialization among Primary School Children Having Visual, Hearing, and Intellectual Disabilities: Descriptive study

Socialization of a child is something that is typically a natural phenomenon, but for children with disabilities, it can be difficult and especially challenging. Aim: This study aimed to explore the habits and socialization among primary school children having visual, hearing, and intellectual disabilities. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive research design was used in this study. Setting: This study was conducted at special needs schools in Assiut city; includes El-Fekria school for mentally retarded children, El-Nour for blind children and El-Amal school for deaf and dumb. Sample: A convenient sample included parents of 588 disabled children. Tools: A structured interview questionnaire was used. It includes characteristics of the child and their parents, family history and consanguinity, medical history of the child disability, as well as parents' knowledge about disability. Results: The majority of children were males, from rural areas, have illiterate fathers and mothers, they had positive history of disability and consanguinity, & the majority of parent had unsatisfactory level of knowledge. Conclusion: disabled children are more likely to have socialization problems. Their parents' knowledge about disability is very low. Recommendation: The current study recommended that provide support and education programs for parents to improve the care provided to children with disabilities.

Deposition of copper in cattle and buffaloes edible tissues slaughtered in Assiut city, Egypt

A total of 168 samples of livers, kidneys and muscles (part of the diaphragm) were screened. The samples were subjected to preparation and for measurement the level of copper (Cu) by using Atomic Absorption/Flaming Emission Spectrophotometer. Buffaloes organs showed variations in their copper content. As for liver, the mean copper concentrations were 11.52 ± 5.41 with a range varied from 2.34 to 21.88 μg/g wet weight. Whereas in buffalo kidneys copper level varied from 2.34 to 15.13 with a mean value of 5.85 ± 4.34 μg/g wet weight. Moreover, the concentrations of copper in buffalo muscles varied from1.56 to 15.50 μg/g wet weight with a mean value of 4.35 ± 3.96. On the other hand, copper in cattle liver varied in its concentrations where the mean value was 11.59 ± 5.79, with a range varied from 3.13 to 25.00 μg/g wet weight. Copper in cattle kidneys varied from 2.50 to 16.3 with a mean value of 4.18 ± 3.12 μg/g wet weight. Besides, the concentrations of copper in cattle muscles were 3.23 ± 2.48, 1.88 and 14.34 μg/g wet weight, respectively as a mean, minimum and maximum. In conclusion, 1% - 26% of the examined samples of both cattle and buffalo were higher than the results obtained by Egyptian Organization Standardization and Quality Control (2008), in addition, livers samples have high concentrations of copper than kidneys and muscles.

In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Spices Powder of some Medicinal PlantsAgainst Bacillus Species Isolated from Raw and Processed Meat.

Background and AimBacillus species are widely distributed microorganisms in nature that are responsible for outbreaks of food poisoning and a common cause of food spoilage. This study aimed to isolate and identify foodborne Bacillus species from meat and to determine the antimicrobial activities of commercial essential oils and spices powder extracted from certain medicinal plants.MethodsSixty meat samples were collected in Assiut city and subdivided into raw meat and processed meat. Bacillus spp were isolated and identified according to their cultural characters, biochemical reactions, serological typing, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and spices powder was measured by using well-diffusion and microbial count techniques.ResultsThe prevalence of Bacillus spp. in the examined raw meat samples and processed meat samples was 13.34%, and 26.67%, respectively. There was a marked decrease in the total Bacillus species count after treatment of minced beef with essential oils and spices powder compared to the untreated one. Black seed oil was the most potent antibacterial essential oil among the tested oils present in this study.ConclusionEssential oils and spices powder of certain medicinal plants (cumin: Cuminum cyminum, black seeds: Nigella sativa, cloves: Syzygium aromaicum, cinnamon: Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Marjoram: Origanum majorana) have a potential in vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus spp. Furthermore, Nigella sativa oil exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus spp.

DETECTION OF PARASITES CONTAMINATING RAW CONSUMABLE VEGETABLES IN ASSIUT CITY, ASSIUT GOVERNORATE, EGYPT

Vegetables are a major way for the transmission of human parasites, especially those thatare consumed raw and or not properly washed. The leafy vegetables act as a reservoir host forthese parasites or act as a critical intermediate host for some parasites encysted to completetheir life cycle. The study aimed to evaluate the extent of parasitic contamination of variousraw consumed vegetables available commercially in Assiut City. A cross-sectional study wasconducted in 2017 & 2018, where a total of 240 samples were collected (40 samples fromeach of Watercress, Radish, Parsley, Coriander, Green onion, and Lettuce). A direct simplewashing technique available to households was used to recover parasites in each plant. Parasiticcontamination rate was calculated.The overall parasites were 202/240 (84.1%). Parsley was the highly contaminated vegetablewhereas Lettuce was the least contaminated. The most encountered contaminating parasitewas Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts 76.25% (183/240) most frequent in radish (38/40),while Isospora sp. was the least detected one (2.1%). Parasites were viable only in 50% oftested samples. The high percent of vegetable contamination detected by this study urge otheralternative methods for farming, irrigation and washing in the local community.

DETECTION OF PARASITES CONTAMINATING RAW CONSUMABLE VEGETABLES IN ASSIUT CITY, ASSIUT GOVERNORATE, EGYPT

Vegetables are a major way for the transmission of human parasites, especially those thatare consumed raw and or not properly washed. The leafy vegetables act as a reservoir host forthese parasites or act as a critical intermediate host for some parasites encysted to completetheir life cycle. The study aimed to evaluate the extent of parasitic contamination of variousraw consumed vegetables available commercially in Assiut City. A cross-sectional study wasconducted in 2017 & 2018, where a total of 240 samples were collected (40 samples fromeach of Watercress, Radish, Parsley, Coriander, Green onion, and Lettuce). A direct simplewashing technique available to households was used to recover parasites in each plant. Parasiticcontamination rate was calculated.The overall parasites were 202/240 (84.1%). Parsley was the highly contaminated vegetablewhereas Lettuce was the least contaminated. The most encountered contaminating parasitewas Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts 76.25% (183/240) most frequent in radish (38/40),while Isospora sp. was the least detected one (2.1%). Parasites were viable only in 50% oftested samples. The high percent of vegetable contamination detected by this study urge otheralternative methods for farming, irrigation and washing in the local community.

Occupational Health Risks of Female Hairdressers: Knowledge, Practice, and Self-Reported Symptoms

Background & Objective(s): Hairdressers are exposed to various health hazards in their work environment. This study aims to assess the working conditions, knowledge, and practices regarding hazardous work exposure, in addition to identifying potential occupational health problems and their associations. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 151 female hairdressers was conducted in Assiut city, Upper Egypt. An interview questionnaire was used to record personal and job characteristics, descriptions of workplace environments, and knowledge and practices regarding occupational health risks and self-reported health problems. Standard assessment of weight and height was performed, and body mass index was calculated. Results: Insufficient ventilation of salons was reported by 67.5% of the hairdressers, and first aid measures were available for only 15.2%. Low awareness was found regarding blood-borne diseases transmitted through hair salons. Approximately 70% were disinfecting their equipment, and 12.4% performed this after each customer. The most frequent chronic musculoskeletal complaints were lower back (22.5%), shoulder (17.2%), and wrist pain (16.6%). Nearly 24% complained from varicose veins. Varicose veins and knee pain were significantly associated with increases in age and working years. Neck pain was significantly associated with increases in age and not being employed by an owner or shared owner of the hairdressing salon. Conclusion: Proper working conditions and safe practices of the studied hairdressers were insufficient. High awareness was found regarding the possibility of disease transmission through hair salons. However, only a few of them identified these diseases and their transmission modes. Moreover, they complained about musculoskeletal pain, varicose veins, and respiratory symptoms. Recommendations: Pre-employment health education programs should be provided for Egyptian hairdressers, and maintenance of hairdressing salons should be checked regularly.

Using Simulation for Studying The Influence of Residential Floor Dissimilarity and Its Height on The Thermal Performance of Spaces in Residential Buildings in Hot Arid Desert ( Case Study: New Assiut City ) (Dept.A)

The building shape and spaces greatly influence ambient temperatures in those spaces. The thermal performance of interior spaces is highly influenced by a number of factors. On top of these factors are: space ratios (height, width, length), walls (thickness, construction material), window openings (height, width, length). As for the factors that determine a building mass, the most important are: shape of building mass, building orientation, using inner courts, etc. The present generation of climatic design tools should rely more on digital presentation by computers, in order to aid designers make sound design decisions based on visible results. Thus, the computer carries out all calculations thus relieving specialized designers in order to reach reliable results. Due to the scarce use of simulation software in the climatic assessment of residential buildings; the study aims at studying the influence of residential floor dissimilarity and its height on the thermal performance of spaces in residential buildings at New Assiut City, Egypt. To achieve this aim, the research is done by the analytical and applied methods, using the simulation software Thermal Analysis Software as a computer program, from the climatic analysis of New Assiut City - as well as identifying the prevailing residential patterns, and detailed study of the selected residential building, identifying the software used, and analyzing the simulation results for ambient room temperatures of the cold and hot periods - for the above mentioned of the selected model. The research ends with a number of results and recommendations. Such results may be applied in hot desert areas.

MOLECULAR DETECTION OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC GENES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ORGANISM ISOLATED FROM RAW MILK AND SOME MILK PRODUCTS

enterotoxin genes and its ability to resist different types of antibiotics. A total of 120 raw milk, kareish cheese and baladi yoghurt (40 samples, each) were collected from different dairy shops and street peddlers in Assiut city, Egypt and were bacteriologically examined for presence and count of

Sexual Life Pattern and Self-Care Practices Among Copper Intra Uterine Device (IUD) User At Assiut City

Abstract Background: Contraceptives as IUD method can enhance women’s and public health, but may be terminated due to occurance of some problems as sexual problems and genital infection Aim: To assess self-care practices and sexual life pattern among copper IUD user at Assiut city. Methods: Descriptive research design was used, sample size convience sample involved 500 women IUD’s users, study was conducted at family planning outpatient clinic, Woman’s Health Hospital, and Qlta Maternal and Child Health Care center and Mabra Hospital, Eleman hosital Assiut, Egypt. Data was collected by using interview questionnaire. Results: Study shows that 67.6% of studied women have a satisfactory practices. Regarding sexual life pattern about 26% of women complain from differences in libido after using IUD, 24.4%, 21.2%, 23.6%, 20.0%, 26.8%, and 25.8 % of women have a difference in sexual desire, difficulty in vaginal wetting during cotius, difficultly reach orgasm, woman's don’t satisfied at the end of sexual relationship, husband don’t satisfied at the end of sexual relationship, and dysparenia respectivelly. Conclusion: IUD’s users had insufficient self care practices and there have some form of sexual pattern affected by using IUD as a contraceptive method. Recommendations: Educational program about self care practices and sexual pattern for IUD users should be provided. Counselling from health care provider about self care practice

Ethical issues, breakdown during COVID-19 pandemic era in upper and lower Egypt

Background: Outbreaks of infectious disease are also marked by sociocultural unrest, and a general atmosphere of fear and mistrust. On 30 January 2020, a COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) epidemic was declared an international public health emergency, this outbreak provoked a negative association, social stigma and a discriminatory behavior against people of certain ethnic foundations as well as anybody seen to have been in contact with the infection. Aim of the study: The goal of this study is to concentrate on the relationships between stigma evoked during the COVID-19 pandemic, breaking the privacy and confidentiality of infected individuals and job affection, social harm, seeking health assistance and also promoting awareness of these issues among Egyptians. Method: A comparative cross-sectional study questionnaire on a random sample of 500 respondents (250 for each) conducted at Benha city and Assiut city, Egypt. Results: Respondents to the questionnaire revealed that 60.0% of Upper Egypt preferred to home quarantine while (53.2%) of Lower Egypt preferred hospital quarantine. Most respondents from both Upper and Lower Egypt agreed to do COVID-19 PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) test. In addition, respondents in Upper and Lower Egypt declined to publish their names because participants in Upper Egypt related their refuse due to affection on their social lives while participants in Lower Egypt refused to publish their names because of a violation of their privacy. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection pandemic has a negative effect on the ethical issues as confidentiality breakdown of patients, emergence of stigma, economic and social implications.