Use Of Assistive Technology Research Articles

The interaction effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index and maternal age on the risk of pregnancy complications in twin pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology

Objective The widespread use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has led to an increased twin pregnancy rate and increased risk of pregnancy complications. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal age are both risk factors for pregnancy complications. This study aimed to explore whether there is an interaction effect between pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal age on pregnancy complications in women with twin pregnancies after ART. Methods Data of 445,750 women with twin pregnancies after ART were extracted from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) database in 2016-2021 in this retrospective cohort study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore (1) the associations between pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, and total pregnancy complications; (2) interaction effect between pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal age on total pregnancy complications; and (3) this interaction effect in parity, race, gestational weight gain (GWG), and preterm birth subgroups. The evaluation indexes were odds ratios (ORs), relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportions of interaction (AP), and synergy index (S) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 6,827 women had pregnancy complications. After adjusting for the covariates, compared with women had non-AMA and pre-pregnancy BMI <25 kg/m2, higher maternal age combined with higher pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with higher odds of total pregnancy complications [OR = 2.16, 95%CI: (1.98-2.36)]. The RERI (95% CI) was 0.22 (0.04-0.41), AP (95% CI) was 0.10 (0.02-0.19), and S (95% CI) was 1.24 (1.03-1.49). Subgroup analysis results indicated that the potential additive effect between pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal age on total pregnancy complications was also found in women with different race, multipara/unipara, GWG levels, or preterm births/non-preterm births (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal age may have an additive effect on the odds of pregnancy-related complications in women with twin pregnancy after ART.

Inclusive Learning through Immersive Virtual Reality and Semantic Embodied Conversational Agent: A case study in children with autism

Sustainable Development Goal 4 from the United Nations 2030 Agenda, focus on ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. Inclusive education is a key component of sustainable development goal 4, and assistive technology is a critical factor in achieving it. In this context, this paper introduces the development of an immersive virtual reality system with conversational skills for inclusive learning processes. The idea of this work is to provide an assistive technology to motivate, educate, and train students with disabilities in a more inclusive way. In order to improve the user experience, the system was developed to work in a CAVE-like immersive environment using Natural Language Processing through a Semantic Embodied Conversational Agent. This work highlights that assistive technology can promote educational, psychological, and social benefits for students with disabilities. The use of assistive technology can enable academic engagement and social participation and be transformative from a psychological perspective. A case study was conducted on children with autism, which showed encouraging results of the system as an assistive technology for teaching and learning.

P110 How do Night-time Awakenings, Assistive Technologies, and Help-seeking Behaviours Impact Australian Carers Sleep? A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Introduction Carers who provide support for those living with a disability or long-term health conditions have been recognised as being at increased risk of negative health outcomes due to the demands of caregiving. In particular, carers are much more likely than their non-carer counterparts to experience poor sleep outcomes such as lower sleep quality and inadequate sleep duration. The aim of this study is to examine how nighttime awakenings, assistive technology use and help-seeking behaviours impact sleep quality among Australian adult carers. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with a sample of Australian carers aged 18 to 64 years. Participants were required to answer questions regarding their sleep, caregiving duties, night-time-awakenings and completed the 9-item self-report Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). They also answered questions regarding their use of assistive technologies and help-seeking behaviours. Participants were eligible if they reported sleep time &amp;lt;7 h or dissatisfaction with their sleep. Results Participants (n=352) completed the online survey. Analyses of these data have just begun and will be presented in full at the conference. Conclusion The results of this study aim to extend current literature and provide valuable information in the formulation of sleep recommendations and interventions for Australian carers.

Assistive Technologies for Teaching and School Integration of Students with Visual Impairment

In the context in which inclusive and integrated education tends to become a reality of the Romanian education system, it is essential to consider assistive technologies as an important resource in the educational process of visually impaired students.&#x0D; The main purpose of our research is to reflect on the importance of raising awareness among educational actors regarding the use of assistive technology for visually impaired students.By implementing assistive technologies as an essential part of the curriculum, teachers can sustain students by providing specific support to solve learning problems while promoting independent learning. In addition to specific educational programs/activities (early intervention, complex and integrated educational therapy, compensation therapies), teachers must develop and refine methods of integrating assistive technologies into teaching-learning-assessment activities.&#x0D; We described the process by which specialists from international school systems manage to integrate assistive/access technologies andunderlined the specific progress made in our country in this field.

Use of assistive and adaptive technology in learning English as a foreign language: A systematic review

With the advancement of technologies, disabled students are being cared for to progress in their education through assistive technologies (AT). They ensure the inclusion of the target group to make them equal with their peers who do not suffer from disabilities. Unfortunately, there is only scarce research on this margin group in connection with technology. Therefore, the aim of the systematic review is to conduct research on the best practices, pedagogical implications, and limitations for the target group using AT. The results based on the review of empirical studies on the research topic conducted between 2013 and 2023 suggest that the best practices of AT are coming from recent years, specifically from 2017, and countries ranging from Europe to Indonesia and Thailand. Pedagogical implications suggest that the learners using AT are becoming more autonomous, independent and successful in academic achievements. Limitations within the study include the fact that AT needs to be more developed and accessible to learners along with more specialized training of specialists and teachers. Future research on the topic should be aimed at better equipment for these learners with AT.

Use and benefit of information, communication, and assistive technology among community-dwelling older adults – a cross-sectional study

BackgroundTechnology can support healthy aging and empower older adults to live independently. However, technology adoption by older adults, particularly assistive technology (AT), is limited and little is known about the types of AT used among older adults. This study explored the use of key information and communication technologies (ICT) and AT among community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 in southern Germany using a paper-based questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on the three domains sociodemographic aspects, health status, and technology use. Technology use was considered separately for key ICT (smartphone, computer/laptop, and tablet) and a range of 31 different AT. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate analyses, and Bernoulli Naïve Bayes modelling.ResultsThe questionnaire was answered by 616 participants (response rate: 24.64%). ICT were used by 497 (80.68%) participants and were associated with lower age, higher level of education, living together with someone, availability of internet connection, higher interest in technology, and better health status (p < .05). No association was found with sex and size of the hometown. The most frequently owned AT were a landline phone, a body scale, and a blood pressure monitor. Several AT related to functionality, (instrumental) activities of daily living- (IADL), and morbidity were used more frequently among non-ICT users compared to ICT-users: senior mobile phone (19.33% vs. 3.22%), in-house emergency call (13.45% vs. 1.01%), hearing aid (26.89% vs. 16.7%), personal lift (7.56% vs. 1.61%), electronic stand-up aid (4.2% vs. 0%). Those with higher interest in technology reported higher levels of benefit from technology use.ConclusionsDespite the benefits older adults can gain from technology, its use remains low, especially among those with multimorbidity. Particularly newer, more innovative and (I)ADL-related AT appear underutilized. Considering the potential challenges in providing adequate care in the future, it may be crucial to support the use of these specific AT among older and frailer populations. To focus scientific and societal work, AT with a high impact on autonomy ((I)ADL/disease-related) should be distinguished from devices with a low impact on autonomy (household-/ comfort-related).

Determinants of Successful Implementation of Assistive Technologies for Dementia: Exploratory Survey.

Despite positive results for the use of assistive technologies (ATs) in dementia, the uptake of ATs lags behind. It is considered important to assess determinants of successful or unsuccessful implementation of ATs. We explored factors that influence the implementation of ATs for community-dwelling people with dementia, with the aim to better understand potentially effective implementation strategies. A cross-sectional survey for researchers was developed and disseminated, exploring factors that influence either successful or unsuccessful implementation of ATs for dementia. The survey consisted of closed and open questions. The response rate was 10% (21/206); the 21 respondents who completed the survey were from 8 countries. Determinants of implementation were described for 21 ATs, of which 12 were successfully and 9 were unsuccessfully implemented. Various types of ATs were included, such as online platforms, sensors, or physical aids. The main determinants of implementation success were related to the AT itself, contextual factors, research activities, and implementation strategies. There was a lack of research data on some ethical issues and cost-effectiveness. This study provided insight into some main barriers to and facilitators of implementation of ATs in dementia related to the AT itself, context, research-related activities, and applied implementation strategies. Lessons were formulated for various stakeholders to improve the implementation effectiveness of ATs in dementia.

Enablers and barriers to equitable participation for students with blindness or low vision in Australian mainstream secondary schools

ABSTRACT A global commitment to inclusive education through policies and legislation has been espoused to provide equitable access to the curriculum for students with disability. Recent evidence suggests, however, that for students with blindness or low vision (BLV), the visual nature of the curriculum means that content can be inaccessible. This study explored the barriers and enablers that students with BLV encounter when engaging with the curriculum. Empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with six students with BLV in Australian mainstream secondary schools. The interviews were analysed to determine the factors that influenced equitable access and participation. The analysis uncovered a number of themes, including access to curriculum materials, support from classroom teachers, support from specialist educators and familiarity with, and use of assistive technologies. The results of this study demonstrated that more professional development is needed for teachers and other stakeholders to prepare students with BLV to participate in learning ‘on the same basis’ as their peers without disability.

Assistive technologies for elderly patients with dementia: perspectives from the bioethics of health care.

Dementia is currently one of the most common diseases affecting elderly people, ranking seventh among leading causes of death. As it causes memory loss, difficulties in reasoning, and resulting difficulties in making and executing decisions, assistive technologies and cognitive stimulation are valuable resources in the care process. Based on a theoretical inquiry into the bioethics of health care, and drawing on the work of Aline Albuquerque and Victor Montori, this article focuses on three main issues: first, the concept of bioethics in health care, patient-centered care, and the idea of clinical empathy. Second, it looks at the use of assistive technologies in caring for elderly patients with dementia. Lastly, we offer a discussion of whether the care process could be considered a health technology.

Tapping Into Skeletal Muscle Biomechanics for Design and Control of Lower Limb Exoskeletons: A Narrative Review.

Lower limb exoskeletons and exosuits ("exos") are traditionally designed with a strong focus on mechatronics and actuation, whereas the "human side" is often disregarded or minimally modeled. Muscle biomechanics principles and skeletal muscle response to robot-delivered loads should be incorporated in design/control of exos. In this narrative review, we summarize the advances in literature with respect to the fusion of muscle biomechanics and lower limb exoskeletons. We report methods to measure muscle biomechanics directly and indirectly and summarize the studies that have incorporated muscle measures for improved design and control of intuitive lower limb exos. Finally, we delve into articles that have studied how the human-exo interaction influences muscle biomechanics during locomotion. To support neurorehabilitation and facilitate everyday use of wearable assistive technologies, we believe that future studies should investigate and predict how exoskeleton assistance strategies would structurally remodel skeletal muscle over time. Real-time mapping of the neuromechanical origin and generation of muscle force resulting in joint torques should be combined with musculoskeletal models to address time-varying parameters such as adaptation to exos and fatigue. Development of smarter predictive controllers that steer rather than assist biological components could result in a synchronized human-machine system that optimizes the biological and electromechanical performance of the combined system.

A decennial cross-sectional review of assisted reproductive technology in a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Nigeria

BackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends that Assisted Reproductive Technology be complementary to other ethically acceptable solutions to infertility. Whereas fertility centres are increasing in number in urban regions of Africa, published reports of their performance are sparse. We present a 10-year review of assisted reproductive technology performed in a public tertiary centre in Lagos, Nigeria.MethodsThis was a hospital-based, retrospective, cross-sectional review of 604 women, over a 10-year period that had in-vitro fertilization or in-vitro fertilization with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection at the Institute of Fertility Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Data obtained were expressed in descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation was used to determine the strength of linear relationship between two continuous variables at a significance level of p < 0.05.ResultsThe mean age of the women was of 37.7 ± 6.2 years and 89.7% had no previous parous experience. About 27.2% of the male partners had normal seminal fluid parameters while 4.6% had azoospermia. Median serum follicle stimulating hormone of the women was 8.1 IU/L and median serum anti-mullerian hormone was 6.3 pmol/L. There was weak positive correlation between age and serum follicle stimulating hormone (r = 0.306, p < 0.001); weak negative correlation between age and serum anti-mullerian hormone (r = -0.48, p < 0.001) and very weak correlation between body mass index and serum follicle stimulating hormone (r = 0.173, p = 0.011). In-vitro fertilization and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection was the method of fertilization used in 97.4% of the cases and 81.8% of embryos formed were of good quality. Most women (94.5%) had 2 embryos transferred and 89.9% had day-5 embryo transfer done. About 1 in 4 of the women (143/604, 23.7%) had clinical pregnancy and 49.7% of women who got pregnant had delivery of a live baby at term while 11.9% had preterm delivery of a live baby.ConclusionDespite increasing use and success of assisted reproductive technology in south-western Nigeria, there is room for improvement in clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates post- assisted reproductive technology. Complication rates are desirably low.

7 Designing and testing an integrated community care model with a remote home monitoring-alert device: a pilot study in Japan

Abstract Background An integrated model of health and social care in the community has been considered to be the gold standard, although many obstacles and challenges still exist. Living at one’s private home for as long as one wishes requires highly personalised arrangements, and therefore is costly, but assistive technologies can potentially facilitate this. In order to test the concept, a remote monitoring and care delivery system was developed. The usability and efficacy of the model were examined. Methods Sensor devices (biometric, temperature sensor and infrared camera sensor) were set up in the homes of five older people (aged 70 years and over), and the information was sent online to each older person, plus his/her family and caregivers. Using these devices, fifteen care professionals delivered home care and remotely supported the home life of the older adults between December 2022 and January 2023. A pre-post study design was adopted, collecting the System Usability Score (SUS), the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the InterRAI assessments. The participating older adults and family members all consented to the research, which involved being observed or watched (all images are silhouettes only) when the system was in operation. Results Remote monitoring with alerts and two-way communication functions was highly valued by caregivers, as it provided an alternative model of care delivery, particularly for those living alone. While the device usability was not highly rated (D), several improvements in ICF and InterRAI scores were recorded (e.g. interpersonal communication, self-care, depressive tendencies). Conclusion While more research is necessary to increase the sample size and the duration of the data collection period, there is great potential for this model, embedding the use of assistive technologies into home care delivery. The study was funded in part by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (22he2002023j0002).

Doing Home by Using Digital Assistive Technologies

Cordula Endter, Florian Fischer and Tobias Wörle provide a conceptual paper which explicitly focusses on the material-spa¬tial configuration of home in the use of digital assistive technologies by older people. The authors draw on praxeological approaches and the concept of domesticity to understand how »home« as a materi¬alised space of belonging and security is constituted in affective, mate¬rial, and spatial practices of technology use. They discuss these practices by describing critical incidents in the use of digital assistive technologies to provide further theoretical as well as methodological insights into the construction and acquisition of (smart) homes among older people.

Comparison of Assistive Technology Use and Beliefs Among Employed and Unemployed People who are Blind.

Abstract Introduction Digital skills are essential for today’s workforce. To possess the digital skills needed in so many jobs, people with visual impairments must have adequate assistive technology (AT) skills. Lack of the necessary AT skills may be one reason for unemployment. Method This study included 325 blind or legally blind respondents who completed an online or phone survey in 2021. Participants reported on AT they utilized and self-perceived AT skill level, training needs, and self-efficacy. We evaluated group differences between employed and unemployed participants on the top 10 workplace AT by using chi-square and t-tests. Results There were five significant differences between the groups in AT use, two in training needs, and none in skill level or self-efficacy. Effect sizes were generally small. Discussion Both employed and unemployed participants considered themselves highly skilled with their AT, and most had high AT self-efficacy. However, training needs were relatively high for both groups on many common workplace AT. The lack of substantial differences between the groups suggests that employment status has minimal associations with AT beliefs. Application for Practitioners Vision rehabilitation professionals must ensure that their consumers have the necessary AT skills to work efficiently in the digital workforce. Our findings suggest that the most universally utilized AT on the job by blind employees are screen readers, apps on mobile devices, and optical character recognition technology. For professionals preparing consumers for the workplace, it is vital to ensure that they are skilled with these technologies.

Assisted Technology and Mental Health

This manuscript discusses the potential use of assistive technology in promoting the mental health and well-being of the growing elderly population in the Arab world. While the use of assistive technology to address physical needs has been around for some time, its use in enhancing mental health and well-being is still in its early days. The manuscript highlights that assistive technology interventions have been shown to benefit the mental health of older adults. However, there are limited publications on the use of assistive technology in the Arab world, and certain assumptions held by healthcare professionals may hinder the access of older adults to these programs. The manuscript suggests introducing the topic of assistive technology in the medical and nursing undergraduate curriculum to address any misconceptions and make the technology more user-friendly. The manuscript also describes two specific types of assistive technology, mental health chatbots, and GPS trackers, and their potential benefits for older adults.

Training a Child with Blindness on the Basic Use of Computer with the Aim of Internet Socialization; an Intervention Program.

In the present intervention program an eleven-year-old student with visual impairments was introduced in the basic use of a computer for the first time. The key tools for achieving this goal were the screen reading software "NVDA" as well as the development of a well-structured educational program. The purpose of the intervention was to enhance the student's technological skills, to make him familiar with the use of assistive technology and to enable him to exploit these new skills for his internet socialization. The evaluation of the intervention program's results was completed on three stages: a) after testing the student's knowledge and skills in the basic use of a computer (pre- and post-assessment ), b) after measuring his social network, his self-esteem and the perceived social support, and c) after analyzing the content of the student's written speech based on a series of criteria. (pre- and post-assessment). The results showed that the basic use of a computer was acquired and internet socialization increased his level of self-esteem, his social network and simultaneously created a sense of belonging. Finally, there was an improvement in his writing.

Reflections on Building a Multi-Country AAC Implementation Guide.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) implementation at any level is a multifaceted process that requires selection of relevant and appropriate systems to suit individual users who may have complex communication needs and other co-occurring difficulties. Careful and systematic action may be required to develop skills and abilities in the use of chosen technologies with suitable ongoing support within a wide range of settings. The wider milieu in which services are provided must also be considered in order to provide a firm foundation for capacity building alongside considerations for multilingual and multicultural factors. UNICEF with the Global Symbols team supported by local professionals working with AAC users, their families and carers set out to collaboratively provide an implementation guide based on their experiences in several Eastern European countries. The aim of the guide was to illustrate work already being undertaken in the area and to ensure the sharing of knowledge and resources where gaps were discovered. The result became a series of linked webpages in an online framework that covered practical aspects for the development of policies and procedures to support early intervention for those with severe speech, language and communication needs across countries of differing cultures and languages. The actual AAC implementation required ingenuity on all sides with translations for pictographic symbol and software adaptations with Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, new synthetic voices alongside deployment and capacity development. Considerable local support was forthcoming and captured with interviews by those working with AAC users as technology was introduced and outcomes measured. As the guide was completed several videos were shared publicly by carers with examples of AAC and assistive technology use. Policies and procedures were also shared in the form of tables, charts, symbol sets, communication boards and software that illustrated not only the occurrence of knowledge transfer and the use of open licenses, but also differences in strategies and the way they were adapted to suit the range of settings in the various countries.

Long-term efficacy and safety of microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to the gallbladder with a diameter ≤ 5 cm: a multicenter, propensity score matching study

Objective To compare the long-term efficacy and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) as first-line therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) adjacent versus nonadjacent to the gallbladder. Materials and Methods From 2006 to 2018, 657 patients with ≤5 cm HCC who underwent percutaneous ultrasound-guided MWA as first-line therapy from 5 hospitals were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were grouped into the adjacent group (n = 49) and the nonadjacent group (n = 608) according to whether the tumor was adjacent to the gallbladder. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline variables between the two groups. Results Forty-eight patient pairs were matched after PSM. For the PSM cohort, during a median follow-up time of 60 months, there were no differences in PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.011; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.647-1.578; p = 0.963) or OS (HR 0.925; 95% CI 0.522-1.639; p = 0.789) between the adjacent and nonadjacent groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the tumor adjacent to the gallbladder was not an independent risk factor for PFS or OS (all p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed comparable PFS and OS between the two groups in the <3 cm subgroup and the 3-5 cm subgroups (all p > 0.05). In addition to more use of assistive technology (p < 0.05), the adjacent group shared comparable local tumor progression, complications, technical success rate, and hospital stay (all p > 0.05) to the nonadjacent group. Conclusion There were comparable long-term efficacy and complications between patients with HCC adjacent and nonadjacent to the gallbladder treated with MWA.

Technology Acceptance of a Social Robot (LOVOT) Among Single Older Adults in Hong Kong and Singapore: Protocol for a Multimethod Study.

Given the rapidly aging nature of our global population, policy makers around the world are now emphatically promoting active aging. To address the psychosocial needs of older persons and support active aging, researchers are exploring the use of assistive technologies, specifically social robots as companions. However, there is limited evidence on the efficacy of social robots in promoting active aging for older people in the Hong Kong and Singapore contexts. This study presents the protocol of a study that investigates the acceptance and quality of interaction between a Japanese social robot, LOVOT, and single older adults in Hong Kong and Singapore. We used a baseline assessment to measure the primary outcome, participants' acceptance of technology, and a sense of loneliness, namely, the participants' differences in responses to LOVOT before and following their interaction with the social robot in this multimethod study design. The baseline assessment consisted of the Qualtrics survey, which measures senior technology acceptance, loneliness, older people's quality of life, subjective happiness, cultural values, willingness to pay, and demographic characteristics, along with the LOVOT's sociability and system usability. In the study, participants interacted with LOVOT in 3 sessions before being surveyed to measure the older people's acceptance and attitudes toward LOVOT. A pre-social robot intervention also occurred in the first session. The study was conducted in both Hong Kong and Singapore. A total of 15 single older adults (ie, individuals who live alone) from Hong Kong and another 15 from Singapore were recruited. Participants were 60-75 years of age, lived by themselves, and had no known cognitive or mental issues. The study began recruiting in March 2022, and recruitment was completed at the end of October 2022. Data collection and data set construction were completed at the end of January 2023. Analysis of the data is currently being conducted, and we plan to publish the results by mid-2023. At an individual level, the study will clarify if LOVOT influences single older adults' psychosocial well-being by reducing their loneliness. At a community level, the study's findings will illustrate whether LOVOT can provide increased social connectedness while decreasing individual loneliness. Last, this study's conclusions can inform policy makers to provide social robots to older people to improve their quality of life. Findings can also inform gerontechnology developers on which aspects and cultural considerations to take into account for future inventions. DERR1-10.2196/48618.

On Males, Antioxidants and Infertility (MOXI): Certitudes, Uncertainties and Trends.

Male infertility (MI) involves various endogenous and exogenous facts. These include oxidative stress (OS), which is known to alter several physiological pathways and it is estimated to be present at high levels in up to 80% of infertile men. That is why since the late 20th century, the relationship between OS and MI has been widely studied. New terms have emerged, such as Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI), which is proposed as a new category to define infertile men with high OS levels. Another important term is MOXI: Male, Antioxidants, and Infertility. This term refers to the hypothesis that antioxidants could improve male fertility without the use of assisted reproductive technology. However, there are no evidence-based antioxidant treatments that directly improve seminal parameters or birth ratio. In this regard, there is controversy about their use. While certain scientists argue against their use due to the lack of results, others support this use because of their safety profile and low price. Some uncertainties related to the use of antioxidants for treating MI are their questionable efficacy or the difficulties in knowing their correct dosage. In addition, the lack of quality methods for OS detection can lead to excessive antioxidant supplementation, resulting in "reductive stress". Another important problem is that, although the inflammatory process is interdependent and closely linked to OS, it is usually ignored. To solve these uncertainties, new trends have recently emerged. These include the use of molecules with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential, which are also able to specifically target the reproductive tissue; as well as the use of new methods that allow for reliable quantification of OS and a quality diagnosis. This review aims to elucidate the main uncertainties about MOXI and to outline the latest trends in research to develop effective therapies with clinically relevant outcomes.