Assisted Co-precipitation Method Research Articles

Electrochemical and transport properties of nickel hexacyanoferrate (KNi[Fe(CN)6]) as potential cathode material for aqueous potassium-ion batteries

Electronic transport properties of the material can give insight into the inherent charge transport mechanism in the material. Here, we report the transport properties and electrochemical performance of potassium-based nickel hexacyanoferrate (KNiHCF) Prussian Blue Analogue (PBA) synthesized via sonochemical assisted co-precipitation method. The transport properties of the compound were studied from 1 Hz to 10 MHz over 223 K to 423 K. The compound exhibited a specific capacity of 88.5 mAh/g at a current density of 2 A/g, making it a good candidate for potassium-ion batteries.

Fluorescence-enhanced Cs2Ag0.3-xNaxZn0.35In1-yCl6:yM double perovskites for multimodal optical anti-counterfeiting

The excellent optical properties of lead-free halide double perovskites (LHDPs) Cs2AgInCl6 are of great importance in the field of anti-counterfeiting encryption. However, the fluorescence quantum yield of the existing Cs2AgInCl6-based materials is relatively low, and the fluorescence color is monochromatic, making it difficult to use in advanced multi-mode anti-counterfeiting applications. In this study, we synthesized Cs2Ag0.3-xNaxZn0.35In1-yCl6:yM (M = Cr/Bi) series LHDPs using an anti-solvent assisted co-precipitation method, improving the optical properties of Cs2AgInCl6-based materials by optimizing their composition. The fluorescence quantum yield of Zn–Na substituted Cr-doped Cs2Ag0.3-xNaxZn0.35In1-yCl6 LHDPs increased from 1.53 % to 82.57 % on the basis of Cs2AgInCl6. The Zn–Na substituted Bi-doped Cs2Ag0.3-xNaxZn0.35In1-yCl6 LHDPs exhibited dual-wavelength fluorescence emission at 407 and 650 nm, and the relative intensity between the two emission wavelengths changed via a change in the Bi doping amount, resulting in a change in the material's luminescence color. The as-synthesized LHDPs could be applied to multi-mode anti-counterfeiting, optical coding information storage, and art decoration applications.

Effective photodegradation of cefixime and carvedilol mediated by visibly active MoO3/CoMn2O4/Cu2BaSnS4 photocatalytic system: An insight on photocatalytic mechanism, degradation pathway and by-product toxicity analysis

Photocatalytic degradation processes are promising solutions for the effective removal of organic pollutants. This study reports the design and fabrication of MoO3-CoMn2O4-Cu2BaSnS4 QDs by ultrasonication assisted co-precipitation method for degradation of divergent pharmaceutical compounds. The nanocomposite (NC) was optimally synthesized, among which MoO3-CoMn2O4-Cu2BaSnS4-1% exhibited superior catalytic activity with the largest rate constant against cefixime (k = 0.0032 min−1) and carvedilol (k = 0.0025 min−1) under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic experiments were carried out with varying operational parameters including different nanoparticle concentration, drug concentration, pH and ions, and their influence in the photodegradation of cefixime and carvedilol was studied. Notably, the nanomaterial exhibited an admirable photocatalytic stability and structural integrity after six consequent cycle tests, which was verified with XPS. Furthermore, the extended photo response window of the NCs has been discussed and the dominant active radical species was found to be ⋅OH and O2⋅-, which contributed to the photodegradation of cefixime and carvedilol. The mechanism of degradation of these compounds was investigated and with the intermediates obtained from GC–MS analysis, a corresponding pathway was also suggested. This study offers a detailed insight to design effective photocatalyst by integrating the properties of individual nanoparticles and troubleshooting the shortcomings.

Y-tube assisted coprecipitation synthesis of iron-based Prussian blue analogues cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.

Prussian blue analogues possess numerous advantages as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, including high energy density, low cost, sustainability, and straightforward synthesis processes, making them highly promising for practical applications. However, during the synthesis, crystal defects such as vacancies and the incorporation of crystal water can lead to issues such as diminished capacity and suboptimal cycling stability. In the current study, a Y-tube assisted coprecipitation method was used to synthesize iron-based Prussian blue analogues, and the optimized feed flow rate during synthesis contributed to the successful preparation of the material with a formula of Na1.56Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.90□0.10·2.42H2O, representing a low-defect cathode material. This approach cleverly utilizes the Y-tube component to enhance the micro-mixing of materials in the co-precipitation reaction, featuring simplicity, low cost, user-friendly, and the ability to be used in continuous production. Electrochemical performance tests show that the sample retains 69.8% of its capacity after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.5C (1C = 140 mA g-1) and delivers a capacity of 71.9 mA h g-1 at a high rate of 10C. The findings of this research provide important insights for the development of high-performance Prussian blue analogues cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.

Electrochemical Studies of Nanoflakes like ZnMnO3 Perovskites for the Determination of Priority Organic Pollutant N-hydroxysuccinimide

Surfactant assisted co-precipitation method active for preparing ZnMnO3 perovskites. The as- synthesized nanoflakes are well characterized by using numerous microscopic and spectroscopic methods which confirmed that ZnMnO3 has high crystalline nature, desired functional groups with nanoflakes like morphology. The synthesized ZnMnO3 were fabricated as the electrode material to determine biologically important as well as priority organic pollutant N- hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The improved sensing performance of ZnMnO3 towards NHS with outstanding sensitivity, and selectivity in the presence of a 50-fold excess concentration of metal ions and amino acids. The NHS sensor at ZnMnO3/GCE exhibits wide dynamics ranging from 0.01 μM to 530.6 μM with a superior detection limit of 0.04 μM. Furthermore, the proposed sensor has utilized by practical applicability of NHS detection in the spiked urine samples that achieved better recoveries.

Functionalization of surfactant templated magnetite by chitosan and PEGylated/Chitosan – In vitro studies on drug loading, release and anti-proliferative activity

Magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized using micro emulsion assisted co-precipitation method. The surface functionalization of MNPs was done with chitosan and PEGylated/chitosan and three samples of each were prepared. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The Methotrexate (MTX) drug was then loaded on each functionalized MNPs as MCT-1–3 (chitosan; 0.1,0.5, and 1%) and MPCT-1–3 (PEGylated/chitosan (1% each with volume ratio 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3). Each composition showed maximum encapsulation efficiency (>95%). The pH dependent drug release studies were done under acidic (pH 5.0) and physiological (pH 7.4) conditions. These studies revealed consistent drug release and no burst release was observed from both functionalized MNPs. A comparatively delayed release from MPCTs than MCTs could be attributed to the formation of more compact sphere due to cross-linking of chitosan with PEG. The drug release was found greater at pH 5.0 for all functionalized MNPs. However, among all functionalized MNPs, maximum drug release was found to be 78.88% by MPCT-1 in acidic medium (pH 5.0). Cyclic voltametric (CV) analysis at slow scan rate (10 mV/s) further indicated controlled drug release and complimented the UV-findings. The MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell line studies, however, indicated anticancer potential only for MPCT-1–3 with IC50 values ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 μM. Overall results pointed that methotrexate loaded PEGylated/chitosan coated magnetic nanoparticles MPCT-1 is the more compassionate material to be used as vehicle for controlled drug delivery.

Magnetically Recoverable CMC/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Hg(II) and Cd(II) ions from the Aqueous Solution

ABSTRACT Heavy metals such as Mercury and Cadmium are highly cytotoxic metals when released into the environment and pose serious hazards to the ecosystem. The current study introduces CMC/Fe3O4 nanocomposite as an effective, magnetically recyclable, low-cost, and environment-friendly biopolymer-based adsorbent for removing these harmful contaminants from waste water. This nanocomposite was synthesized by ultrasonic assisted coprecipitation method and characterized using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, BET surface area, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. Series of batch experiments were carried out at room temperature to determine the adsorption capacity of CMC/Fe3O4, which is found to be 243.52 mg g−1 and 414.04 mg g−1 toward Hg(II) and Cd(II), respectively, at optimum conditions. Optimum parameters for Hg(II) were pH 7, initial concentration 200 mg L−1, and 0.02 g of adsorbent loading, while for Cd(II) experiments were conducted using pH 6, initial concentration 500 mg L−1, and 0.03 g of adsorbent. The adsorption was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model and Pseudo-second order kinetic model, and the thermodynamic study reveals spontaneous and endothermic nature of adsorption.

Highly water dispersible collagen/polyaniline nanocomposites with strong adhesion for electrochromic films with enhanced cycling stability

Electrochromic materials have attracted extensive attention recently due to their versatile applications in smart windows, displays, antiglare rearview mirrors, and so on. Herein we report a new electrochromic composite prepared from collagen and polyaniline (PANI) through a self-assembly assisted co-precipitation method. The introduction of hydrophilic collagen macromolecules into PANI nanoparticles makes the collagen/PANI (C/PANI) nanocomposite obtain excellent dispersibility in water, which provides good environmental-friendly solution processability. Furthermore, the C/PANI nanocomposite exhibits excellent film-forming properties and adhesion to the ITO glass matrix. The resulting electrochromic film of the C/PANI nanocomposite displays significantly improved cycling stability compared with the pure PANI film after 500 coloring-bleaching cycles. On the other hand, the composite films also exhibit yellow, green and blue polychromatic properties at different applied voltages and high average transmittance at the bleaching state. The C/PANI electrochromic material illustrates scaling potential for the application of electrochromic devices.

Surface decoration of spherical Ag3PO4 with Ag embedded nano-cocoon BiPO4 nano-heterojunction photocatalyst with improved photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride and industrial dyes

Significant research interest has been focused on the development of superior visible-active photocatalysts. Herein, we have developed Ag hybrid p-n junction of Ag3PO4/BiPO4 via P123 assisted co-precipitation method at different molar ratios. An intergrowth structure composed of spherical Ag3PO4 decorated with nano-cocoon BiPO4 was found to be formed at optimized molar ratio. Thorough analysis reveals that Ag NPs with an average size of 9 nm have tightly scattered on the surface of the nano-cocoons BiPO4. The well heterostructure formation is an effective strategy to boost the photocatalytic activity of the materials. The photocatalytic activity of the heterostructure with an optimal molar ratio over tetracycline hydrochloride demonstrated 81.4% degradation in 30 min with a reaction rate 3.21 times faster than pure Ag3PO4. The use of an optimized photocatalyst extends the light absorption, diminishes the charge carrier recombination process with build in electric fields at the interface and carrier transfer across the p-n junction. Moreover, superoxide radical O2•− species are found to be participated dominantly in the photocatalytic reaction. Based on the findings, a plausible mechanism was developed to demonstrate the elevated photocatalytic activity. A real sample analysis of textile effluents and the degradation of dyes, including MB, RhB, CR, and MO, were also investigated.

Photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange dye using SnO2-TiO2 nanocomposite particles synthesised by Ultrasonic Assisted Co-Precipitation Method

The ultrasonic-aided co-precipitation method was used to create SnO2-TiO2 nanocomposite particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to characterize the nanocomposite particles. XRD patterns revealed the crystalline structure of particles and the average particle size determined by Debye Scherrer’s equation was found to be 11.355, 4.9577, and 4.333 nm for TiO2 nanoparticles, SnO2 nanoparticles, and SnO2-TiO2 nanocomposites, respectively. The Ti, Sn, and O species were confirmed to exist by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The UV absorption peaks at 288, 305, and 350 nm were attributed to SnO2, TiO2-SnO2, and TiO2 respectively. The photocatalytic aspect was investigated in a model organic contaminant (methyl orange). Data obtained by the above-mentioned characterization methods confirmed the superior photocatalytic activity of SnO2-TiO2 nanostructure than SnO2 or TiO2 alone.

Ultrasound assisted synthesis of Fe‐TiO2 and Ce‐TiO2 catalysts and subsequent application for photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic decolorization of basic Victoria blue dye

AbstractSynthesis of Fe‐TiO2 and Ce‐TiO2 catalysts using conventional, and ultrasound assisted (US) homogeneous coprecipitation method has been investigated. Effects of ultrasonic irradiation time and ultrasonic power on catalyst synthesis were studied and it was elucidated that best conditions were 140 W and 60 min, respectively. Characterization using FE‐SEM revealed spherical particles with the size range from 36.4 to 49.4 nm whereas XRD analysis affirmed a mixture of anatase, rutile, and brookite TiO2 phase with crystallite size ranging from 4.18 to 12.99 nm. BET analysis revealed highest specific surface area (211.59 m2/g) for the sonochemically synthesized Ce‐TiO2. The process intensification benefits demonstrated in catalyst synthesis were better crystallinity, lower particle size, and higher surface area. The application of catalyst efficacy was tested for photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic oxidation where maximum decolorization as 71.97% was obtained for sonochemically synthesized Ce‐TiO2 applied in the sonophotocatalytic approach. Studies related to regeneration, stability, and leaching of Ce and Ti ion from the sonochemically synthesized Ce‐TiO2 catalyst were also performed. It was observed that the catalyst can be regenerated easily and there were no structural changes in the catalyst after regeneration with negligible leaching of the ions from the catalyst into the solution. Overall, an improved process for catalyst synthesis with intensified decolorization application was demonstrated based on the use of ultrasound.

Interplay of dopant and polarons in trifunctional semimagnetic semiconductor for supercapacitor applications: Local structure and electronic structure investigations

Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS), fractionally doped by magnetic ions, are peculiar, and a single semiconductor effectively contributes to charge and spin properties for various applications, including data and energy storage. Here, a low temperature assisted co-precipitation method produced a series of Co doped ZnO nanoparticles. After structural characterizations, zinc vacancy defects were realized via the hyperfine signal with g ∼ 1.96 (spin resonance) and the emissions (photoluminescence) at 410 and 465 nm. The synergistic effect among the Co dopant, native, and polaron defects makes the system exhibit enhanced polarization and electrochemical reactions. Magnetization hysteresis curves demonstrate the intrinsic magnetic nature of the materials that are essential for realizing useful polaronic states. As an anode material, 20 at. % Co doped electrode has a higher specific capacitance and superior cycling stability with charge retention above 98 %, which is much higher than the other ZnO-based electrodes and is associated with the polaron-assisted rapid redox reactions. These polarons also stimulate a ferroelectric polarization of 0.28 μC cm−2 via local lattice distortion. All these findings confirm that the Co doped semi-magnetic ZnO system with multifunctionality is adequate for employment in device fabrication as a low-cost, highly stable material.

Annealing atmospheres induced structural and morphological transformation of zinc tin hydroxide nanostructures

The variation in crystallinity, morphology and phase of zinc tin hydroxide nanostructures are investigated after annealing at different (oxidizing, non-oxidizing and reducing) atmospheres. The zinc tin hydroxide nanostructures are prepared using hydrolysis assisted co-precipitation method. Annealing in oxidizing (oxygen and air) and non-oxidizing (nitrogen and argon) atmospheres do not have a significant effect on morphological and structural properties. However, the annealing in the reducing (ammonia) atmosphere converts the cubic nanostructures into nanorods and spherical particles. The zinc tin hydroxide forms three new phases (ZnON, SnO2 and Sn) after annealing in reducing atmosphere. The formation of ZnON and SnO2 phases are evident in Raman and XPS analysis. The reducing atmosphere (ammonia) changes the reaction kinetics leading to diffusion control crystal growth that could be responsible for such structural and morphological transformation. The bandgap is significantly changed after morphological and structural transformation with notable variation in photocurrent density, charge transfer resistance, and charge carrier concentration.

Electrochemical and electronic structure properties of high-performance supercapacitor based on Nd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

Recently, hybrid supercapacitors gained the interest of energy experts because of their high energy/power density and long lifespan. In this manuscript, Zn1-xNdxO (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) nanoparticles were synthesised using the microwave assisted co-precipitation method and characterized using XRD, Raman, TEM, XAS, and electrochemical analyses.The HR-TEM images confirmed that all of the samples exhibited spherical morphologies with average particle sizes in the range of 17–20 nm. The XRD and Raman spectroscopy studies infer that crystallinity enhances with increase in the doping concentration. The Nd ions were revealed to possess a valence state of +3, while the Zn ions had a valence state of +2, confirmed from XAS analyses. The electrochemical analysis showed that 3 % Nd-doped ZnO electrode exhibited the maximum specific capacitance (SC) of 154 F/g, at a current density of 2.5 A/g and the best cycle stability when compared to the undoped and other Zn1-xNdxO samples (retaining 92 % after 1000 cycles). The specific capacitance of undoped ZnO determined at a current density of 2.5 A/g was found to be 21 F/g. The energy density and specific power of a 3 % Nd3+-doped ZnO supercapacitor were measured at 7.36 Wh/kg and 730 W/kg, respectively. The electrochemical results suggest that Nd3+-doped ZnO material would serve as an electrode material for supercapacitors application.

Sunlit photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant by NiCr2O4/Bi2S3/Cr2S3 tracheid skeleton nanocomposite: Mechanism, pathway, reactive sites, genotoxicity and byproduct toxicity evaluation.

In this study, 3D C2S3 (CS) and 2D Bi2S3 (BS) modified NiCr2O4 nanocomposite (NCO-BS-CS NCs) was prepared by sonochemical assisted co-precipitation method for the enhanced photocatalytic activity. Here, NCO-BS-CS NCs showed band gap energy of 2.23eV and the PL intensity of NCO-BS-CS NCs was lower than NCO, BS, and CS NPs. Thus, the results indicate the fabricated NCO-BS-CS NCs enhance the charge segregation and lower in recombination rate. NCO-BS-CS NCs showed enhanced photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) (95%) and congo red (CR) (99.7%) respectively. The total organic compound (TOC) analysis shows the complete mineralization of about 91 and 98% for MO and CR respectively. Furthermore, the Fukui function was used for the prediction of reactive sites in the photodegradation pathway of MO and CR by NCs. ECOSAR program was done to determine the toxicity of the intermediate and the results conclude that the degraded product shows nontoxic to the environmental organism (fish, daphnia, and algae). Thus, the fabricated NCO-BS-CS NCs can be used for the remediation of toxic organic pollutants from the waste water by photocatalytic degradation.

Enhancement in photocurrent conversion efficiency via recrystallization of zinc tin hydroxide nanostructures

Herein, the synthesis of cubic phase zinc tin hydroxide is reported by the hydrolysis assisted co-precipitation method followed by calcination in 150–850 °C. The recrystallization of zinc tin hydroxide (ZnSn(OH)6) to zinc tin oxide (Zn2SnO4) phase is observed with the intermediate amorphous phase (ZnSnO3) by increasing the calcination temperature. Increase in calcination temperature also causes the partial alteration in the cubic morphology and diminution in average particle size. The M-O-M and M-O vibration modes have distinct peaks in the FT-IR spectra below 1500 cm−1. Four Raman active vibration modes in ZnSn(OH)6 and two Raman active vibration modes in Zn2SnO4 phase are observed, while no Raman active mode is present in intermediate amorphous ZnSnO3. Chemical states of various elements and compositions are examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ZnSnO3 electrodes has the lowest charge transfer resistance and higher lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers. Photoelectrochemical measurements rendered enhanced photocurrent density for ZnSnO3 and Zn2SnO4 phases, which is approximate 85 and 50 times higher as compared to ZnSn(OH)6 based photoelectrode, respectively. Due to crystalline nature, the Zn2SnO4 phase has better photo-stability.

Electrochemical oxidation of ethylene glycol on TiO2-supported platinum single-atom catalyst into valuable chemicals in alkaline media

The application of single-atom catalysts (SACs) receives excellent attention in producing fine chemicals. SACs demonstrate higher activity, selectivity, stability and are more economical. Herein we designed and successfully synthesized an electrochemical catalyst consisting of Pt single atoms on titanium oxide support (PtSAC/TiO2) via hydrothermal assisted co-precipitation method, which is simple, fast, and efficient. The high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) image and FT- EXAFS spectra disclose that Pt atoms are well dispersed and show no Pt–Pt coordination. We are the first to apply SACs for partial oxidation of Ethylene glycol (EGO) using PtSAC/TiO2. The strong metal support interaction (SMSI) between Pt and TiO2 and the availability of identical Pt active sites enhanced catalytic selectivity of PtSAC/TiO2. These help EG oxidation on PtSAC/TiO2 to produce glycolate and formate selectively. The higher surface contacts between PtSAC and EG lead to an improved catalytic performance towards EGO. Our stability tests demonstrated that PtSAC/TiO2 showed a slower current decay rate and higher oxidation current density, thus providing better electrocatalytic activity and stability. Hence, PtSAC/TiO2 led to higher reactivity and provided a higher current density response. The as-synthesized PtSAC/TiO2 catalyst exhibits an excellent Faradaic efficiency of 99.7 % and remarkable stability, with a very minimal current drop within 12 h in an alkaline solution.

Shape-stabilized n-heptadecane/polymeric foams with modified iron oxide nanoparticles for thermal energy storage

This study based on design, preparation and characterization of polymerized high internal phase emulsion (poliHIPE) foams as support materials containing iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles for impregnation of n-heptadecane as phase change material (PCM). The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized mechanically assisted co-precipitation method and modified for harmonization with the emulsion system. Fe3O4 nanoparticles doped support materials were prepared via emulsion-templated strategy, and the produced polymeric foams used for preparation of shape-stabilized n-heptadecane based composite PCMs. The total latent heat was determined as 99.6 J/g by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, while the impregnation ratio of n-heptadecane was found to be 67%. The performances of composites were also investigated via leakage test and heat storage rate measurement. Based on the analysis result, it was determined that shape-stabilized n-heptadecane based composite PCMs are promising energy materials for low temperature latent heat storage applications.

Ag-Modified Porous Perovskite-Type LaFeO3 for Efficient Ethanol Detection.

Perovskite (ABO3) nanosheets with a high carrier mobility have been regarded as the best candidates for gas-sensitive materials arising from their exceptional crystal structure and physical–chemical properties that often exhibit good gas reactivity and stability. Herein, Ag in situ modified porous LaFeO3 nanosheets were synthesized by the simple and efficient graphene oxide (GO)-assisted co-precipitation method which was used for sensitive and selective ethanol detection. The Ag modification ratio was studied, and the best performance was obtained with 5% Ag modification. The Ag/LaFeO3 nanomaterials with high surface areas achieved a sensing response value (Rg/Ra) of 20.9 to 20 ppm ethanol at 180 °C with relatively fast response/recovery times (26/27 s). In addition, they showed significantly high selectivity for ethanol but only a slight response to other interfering gases. The enhanced gas-sensing performance was attributed to the combination of well-designed porous nanomaterials with noble metal sensitization. The new approach is provided for this strategy for the potential application of more P-type ABO3 perovskite-based gas-sensitive devices.

Electrode material for high performance symmetric supercapacitors based on superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with cetyltrimetylammonium bromide

A facile preparation method is reported to develop a supercapacitance material with high specific capacitance and stability. Fe3O4 superparamagnetic material was synthesised via CTAB assisted co-precipitation method to modify the morphology. Presence of CTAB has resulted in excellent output in terms of high specific capacitance of 1192 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. 93% of charge storage capacity was retained by the working electrode after 4000 charge-discharge cycles with the optimum concentration of CTAB. The TEM micrograph showed a quasi-spherical morphology for the bare Fe3O4 and the same was modified to semi-cuboidal shape after CTAB modification. The change in crystal lattice was confirmed through SAED in parallel to the WAXRD analysis. The phase purity was deciphered using XPS and surface roughness of the electrode was studied using AFM. Increased saturation magnetisation value for CTAB modified Fe3O4 was also in line with the improved charge storage capacity.