Professional Assistance Research Articles

Understanding Family Caregivers' Needs in Coping with the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of People with Dementia: A Hermeneutic-Phenomenological Study.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are progressive conditions. Family caregivers of patients, especially those caring for patients with ADRD exhibiting behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), undergo significant physical and mental changes during long-term care. While most researchers have focused on the specific needs of family caregivers, the comprehensive understanding of these needs is limited. In this study, Alderfer's existence, relatedness, and growth theory was used to develop an interview framework to systematically and comprehensively understand the needs of family caregivers of individuals with ADRD. The objective of this study was to understand family caregivers' needs in coping with BPSD in individuals with ADRD, aiming to alleviate caregivers' stress and promote their overall well-being. This study used a hermeneutic-phenomenological interview research design. Data were collected via remote conferences involving interviews with 17 participants selected via maximum variation sampling. The Colaizzi seven-step method was utilized, and the interview contents were analyzed using NVivo 12.0 software. The needs of family caregivers in coping with the BPSD of individuals with ADRD could be summarized into three themes, namely existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs, and 10 sub-themes. The study findings provide new insights into the needs of family caregivers in coping with patients exhibiting BPSD. Family caregivers experience significant negative emotions, poor caregiving experiences, heavy caregiving burdens, and a desire for professional assistance and policy support.

Bayesian optimized multimodal deep hybrid learning approach for tomato leaf disease classification

Manual identification of tomato leaf diseases is a time-consuming and laborious process that may lead to inaccurate results without professional assistance. Therefore, an automated, early, and precise leaf disease recognition system is essential for farmers to ensure the quality and quantity of tomato production by providing timely interventions to mitigate disease spread. In this study, we have proposed seven robust Bayesian optimized deep hybrid learning models leveraging the synergy between deep learning and machine learning for the automated classification of ten types of tomato leaves (nine diseased and one healthy). We customized the popular Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm for automatic feature extraction due to its ability to capture spatial hierarchies of features directly from raw data and classical machine learning techniques [Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, GaussianNB (GNB), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN)], and stacking for classifications. Additionally, the study incorported a Boruta feature filtering layer to capture the statistically significant features. The standard, research-oriented PlantVillage dataset was used for the performance testing, which facilitates benchmarking against prior research and enables meaningful comparisons of classification performance across different approaches. We utilized a variety of statistical classification metrics to demonstrate the robustness of our models. Using the CNN-Stacking model, this study achieved the highest classification performance among the seven hybrid models. On an unseen dataset, this model achieved average precision, recall, f1-score, mcc, and accuracy values of 98.527%, 98.533%, 98.527%, 98.525%, and 98.268%, respectively. Our study requires only 0.174 s of testing time to correctly identify noisy, blurry, and transformed images. This indicates our approach's time efficiency and generalizability in images captured under challenging lighting conditions and with complex backgrounds. Based on the comparative analysis, our approach is superior and computationally inexpensive compared to the existing studies. This work will aid in developing a smartphone app to offer farmers a real-time disease diagnosis tool and management strategies.

Nursing Interventions in Primary Care for the Management of Maladaptive Grief: A Scoping Review.

Grief is a natural and self-limited adaptation process to a new reality that emerges after a significant loss (whether real or perceived), with a broad variety of manifestations that exert an impact on a grieving person's health. The study aim was to synthesize the evidence available about the interventions carried out by Primary Health Care nurses, by means of an individual approach to reduce maladaptive grief or maladaptive grief risk. A scoping review was conducted (November and December 2023) through searches in Medline, Cinahl, Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus using MeSH terms combined with Booleans. Primary research of any design in adult people undergoing grief situations and receiving professional assistance by nurses in the primary, home and community care contexts published after 2009 in English, Spanish or Portuguese languages were included. Excluded publications were those conducted in in-hospital clinical settings and which did not correspond to research designs or the gray literature. The screening process was carried out by two reviewers using the appropriate JBI critical appraisal tools for each design and discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. A total of n = 10 studies were included (n = 4 qualitative, n = 2 RCTs, n = 1 quasi-experimental, n = 2 cross-sectional observational, and n = 2 mixed methods). The qualitative studies identified topics and subtopics of professionals' and families' experiences of grief. The observational studies analyzed symptoms and factors associated with the grieving process. Interventions consisted of cognitive-behavioral therapies delivered by psychological specialists who assessed the severity of grief in a range of cultural contexts using different instruments. The evidence retrieved from the studies that address the reduction in maladaptive grief or maladaptive grief risk is not conclusive. There is a need to increase both the number and the methodological quality of studies assessing the effectiveness of Nursing care in Primary Health Care for individuals experiencing maladaptive grief or maladaptive grief risk. Further research should focus on experimental studies, developing specific interventions conducted by nurses to address individual's grief and prevent maladaptive grief.

Barriers to professional psychological help among pregnant women in China: a qualitative study

BackgroundPregnant women face significant physiological and psychological stressors, which can lead to mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. Despite the importance of professional psychological assistance, many pregnant women in China do not seek help due to various barriers. This study aims to explore the experiences and challenges of pregnant women in seeking psychological help in China through qualitative methods.MethodsPurposive sampling was employed to select 20 pregnant women from a Class III Type A hospital in Hainan. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted from July to August 2023, focusing on psychological states, help-seeking experiences, encountered challenges, and suggestions for improving psychological support. Colaizzi’s 7-step method was used to synthesize the themes.ResultsWe distilled five themes: (1) Psychological conditions during pregnancy, which includes stress and emotional fluctuations and anticipations of postpartum challenges; (2) Barriers to seeking help, underscored by societal misconceptions, limited professional access, and varied familial support; (3) Sources of psychological stress, highlighting physical changes, familial and work pressures, and societal expectations; (4) Expectations for psychological assistance, emphasizing the need for professional understanding and societal awareness; (5) Impact of psychological issues on daily life, such as decreased work efficiency and affected social activities.ConclusionPregnant women in China confront significant psychological stress and face multiple barriers in accessing help. There is an urgent need for personalized and professional psychological services for pregnant women. Addressing barriers such as societal stigma and poor accessibility, along with increasing public awareness and improving mental health services, is crucial. These findings provide a foundation for developing effective psychological support strategies aimed at enhancing the mental health of pregnant women in China.

Living foreign body in the external auditory canal of the left ear: Clinical Case and Management Tactics

The article describes a clinical case of a living foreign body found in the external auditory canal of the left ear in an 18-year-old patient. It also discusses preventive measures and action algorithms for healthcare professionals working in primary care and/or emergency departments, who are most frequently confronted with foreign bodies in the external auditory canal, where urgent removal is crucial to prevent complications. The importance of professional assistance, accurate diagnosis, and adherence to the algorithm for removing foreign bodies from the ear is emphasized to avoid complications. Special attention is given to the need for the procedure to be performed under visual control and the use of proper instruments. Possible complications and precautionary measures are outlined to minimize risks during such procedures.

Viability of Open Large Language Models for Clinical Documentation in German Health Care: Real-World Model Evaluation Study.

The use of large language models (LLMs) as writing assistance for medical professionals is a promising approach to reduce the time required for documentation, but there may be practical, ethical, and legal challenges in many jurisdictions complicating the use of the most powerful commercial LLM solutions. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using nonproprietary LLMs of the GPT variety as writing assistance for medical professionals in an on-premise setting with restricted compute resources, generating German medical text. We trained four 7-billion-parameter models with 3 different architectures for our task and evaluated their performance using a powerful commercial LLM, namely Anthropic's Claude-v2, as a rater. Based on this, we selected the best-performing model and evaluated its practical usability with 2 independent human raters on real-world data. In the automated evaluation with Claude-v2, BLOOM-CLP-German, a model trained from scratch on the German text, achieved the best results. In the manual evaluation by human experts, 95 (93.1%) of the 102 reports generated by that model were evaluated as usable as is or with only minor changes by both human raters. The results show that even with restricted compute resources, it is possible to generate medical texts that are suitable for documentation in routine clinical practice. However, the target language should be considered in the model selection when processing non-English text.

Methodological bias in social work education: the silence of quantitative approaches in students’ research in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT This study examines the factors contributing to the low utilization of quantitative research approaches among social work research students. A census sampling technique was employed to conduct a survey of 1268 students who had completed their final year research dissertations. The descriptive statistics revealed that 81% (n = 1022) of social work students employed qualitative research, 16% (n = 208) used mixed methods, and only 3% (n = 38) utilized quantitative approaches. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed factors that were statistically significant (ρ<.05) in predicting low utilization of quantitative approaches that include; the supervisor’s preference, the student’s secondary education, training in research methods, competency in statistics, methodological flexibility and suitability, resources constraints, professional assistance, and fear of failure. These findings prompt recommendations for social work training institutions to enhance their research capacity, adopt co-supervisions, advocate for quantitative research, and prioritize continuous research mentorship in statistical tools.

Anxiety-inducing factors among educators in the Capricorn district of Limpopo, South Africa

This study was aimed at screening for anxiety symptoms among educators in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Recent literature has identified the school environment as a risk factor for anxiety, putting teachers at a higher risk. We collected data from 381 teachers using a quantitative cross-sectional study design. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, along with a researcher-developed socio-demographic questionnaire, was used to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for anxiety symptoms. Stata-14 was used to analyze the data through the use of bivariate and multivariate analysis. The sample consisted largely of black (n=318, 83.46%), female (n=270, 70.87%) teachers from 25 schools. The prevalence of anxiety was 36.85%, with a majority falling under the mild category (n=85, 22.31%). Personal factors such as gender, race, home language, whether the participant had sought professional mental health assistance in the past 6 months, and the impact of COVID-19 were significantly (p=0.05) associated with the symptoms of anxiety. Additionally, workplace factors such as school of employment and subjects taught were also significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. There is a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms among educators, which may negatively affect the students under their care.

Balancing the scales? Evaluating the impact of results-based financing on maternal health outcomes and related inequality of opportunity in Zimbabwe

This study evaluates the impact of results-based financing (RBF) on maternal health outcomes and the inequality of opportunity (IOP) in these outcomes in Zimbabwe. We employ a difference-in-differences approach that leverages the staggered implementation of the programme across 60 districts, exploiting temporal variation in the introduction of RBF and individual-level variation in birth timing. Our analysis uses nationally representative, pooled cross-sectional data from the 2005/2006, 2010/2011, and 2015 Zimbabwe demographic and health surveys. Employing the extended two-way fixed effects (ETWFE) estimator to address biases associated with staggered rollouts, we find significant positive effects of RBF on maternal health outcomes. The programme is associated with an increase in the number of prenatal care visits by 0.185 units (p < 0.01), first-trimester care by 7.7 percentage points (pp) (p < 0.01), facility births by 8.6 pp (p < 0.01), and professional delivery assistance by 3.4 pp (p < 0.01), while reducing C-section rates by 1.3 pp (p < 0.01). Additionally, RBF is associated with reductions in IOP in prenatal care visits, early prenatal care, facility births, and professional delivery assistance by 3.8, 1.3, 8.4, and 4.9 pp (p < 0.01), respectively. These findings underscore the potential of RBF to enhance maternal health outcomes and promote health equity. Integrating equity considerations into health system strengthening initiatives is essential. Policymakers should ensure that health interventions improve access and balance opportunities across various socio-economic and demographic groups. This evidence suggests that RBF schemes can improve access to and equity in healthcare services, particularly in low-income settings such as Zimbabwe.

Development and Evaluation of a Web-Based Platform for Personalized Educational and Professional Assistance for Dementia Caregivers: Proposal for a Mixed Methods Study.

Alzheimer disease (AD) and AD-related dementia are prevalent concerns for aging populations. With a growing older adult population living in the United States, the number of people living with dementia is expected to grow, posing significant challenges for informal caregivers. The mental and physical burdens associated with caregiving highlight the importance of developing novel and effective resources to support caregivers. However, technology solutions designed to address their needs often face low adoption rates due to usability issues and a lack of contextual relevance. This study focuses on developing a web-based platform providing financial and legal planning information and education for dementia caregivers and evaluating the platform's usability and adoptability. The goal of this project is to create a web-based platform that connects caregivers with personalized and easily accessible resources. This project involves industrial, academic, and community partners and focuses on two primary aims: (1) developing a digital platform using a Dementia Care Personalization Algorithm and assessing feasibility in a pilot group of caregivers, and (2) evaluating the acceptability and usability of the digital platform across different racial or ethnic populations. This work will aid in the development of technology-based interventions to reduce caregiver burden. The phase I study follows an iterative Design Thinking approach, involving at least 25 dementia caregivers as a user feedback panel to assess the platform's functionality, aesthetics, information, and overall quality using the adapted Mobile Application Rating Scale. Phase II is a usability study with 300 dementia caregivers in Texas (100 African American, 100 Hispanic or Latinx, and 100 non-Hispanic White). Participants will use the digital platform for about 4 weeks and evaluate its usefulness and ease of use through the Technology Acceptance Survey. The study received funding from the National Institute on Aging on September 3, 2021. Ethical approval for phase I was obtained from the Texas A&M University Institutional Review Board on December 8, 2021, with data collection starting on January 1, 2022, and concluding on May 31, 2022. Phase I results were published on September 5, 2023, and April 17, 2024, respectively. On June 21, 2023, ethical approval for human subjects for phase II was granted, and participant recruitment began on July 1, 2023. Upon completing these aims, we expect to deliver a widely accessible digital platform tailored to assist dementia caregivers with financial and legal challenges by connecting them to personalized, contextually relevant information and resources in Texas. If successful, we plan to work with caregiving organizations to scale and sustain the platform, addressing the needs of the growing population living with dementia. DERR1-10.2196/64127.

Business model of international consulting: main characteristics and elements

Based on the analysis of the essence and modern types of business models of enterprises, the basic professional service business model of the international consulting "Consultant" and reveals its main characteristics is substantiates: the B2B model, the modification of the "Producer" business model, the integration of elements of service and digital business models, customer orientation. Based on the Business Model Canvas, the main components of the basic business model of international consulting are revealed: key partners: partner intra-service and inter-service networks of the consulting firm; key activity: providing professional assistance to business organizations in solving problems of international economic activity; key resources: intellectual human, organizational, market; value proposition: the value services of international consulting for the client; relations with clients: client orientation, client-centricity, positive client experience, cooperation between consultants and clients at all stages of the consulting process; channels: omnichannel, cross-channel communications; customer segments: target audiences, customer networks; cost structure; income streams. Client networks as a component of the basic business model of international consulting are characterized and measures to optimize them are disclosed: forming a loyal attitude of clients to the consulting firm, consultants, and services; accumulation and protection of a network of regular customers; forming a positive customer experience; improving the efficiency of consultant-client relations; development of omnichannel provision of professional assistance to clients; ensuring client orientation of the personnel of the consulting firm; management of the value and quality of consulting services; introduction of new consulting services and technologies based on consulting innovations.

Adult Smoking Cessation - United States, 2022.

Tobacco dependence is a chronic condition driven by nicotine addiction. Successful quitting can be increased by health care provider intervention and evidence-based treatment. CDC assessed national estimates of cigarette smoking cessation indicators among U.S. adults using 2022 National Health Interview Survey data. In 2022, approximately two thirds (67.7%) of the 28.8 million U.S. adults who smoked wanted to quit, and approximately one half (53.3%) made a quit attempt, but only 8.8% quit smoking. One half of adults who smoked and saw a health professional during the past year received health professional advice (50.5%) or assistance (49.2%) to quit smoking. Among those who tried to quit, 38.3% used treatment (i.e., counseling or medication). Adults who usually smoked menthol (versus nonmenthol) cigarettes had higher prevalences of quitting interest (72.2% versus 65.4%; p<0.05) and past-year quit attempts (57.3% versus 50.4%; p<0.05), lower prevalences of receiving quit advice (48.2% versus 53.8%; p<0.05) and using cessation treatment (35.2% versus 41.5%; p<0.05), but similar prevalence of quit success (9.5% versus 7.9%; p = 0.19). Opportunities exist for both public health and health care sectors to increase smoking cessation, including expanding access to and utilization of cessation services and supports. Incorporating equitable cessation strategies into all commercial tobacco prevention and control efforts can help advance and support smoking cessation for all population groups.

The Experiences of the Life of A Mother with A Developmentally Disabled Child: Parse&amp;apos;s Human Becoming Research Method

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of mothers raising a child with developmental disabilities.Methods: The participants of this study were 9 mothers who had children with developmental disorders. Parse’s research method was used to analyze the experiences of these mothers.Results: The analysis revealed the following structure of their lived experiences: denial of the developmental disability diagnosis and the resulting pain from feelings of frustration, confusion, and guilt; a sense of hopelessness for the future and the emotional scars left by negative judgment; the pursuit of a happy future for their children; and finding new meaning in their children’s diagnoses.Conclusion: Despite the persistent pain and guilt experienced by these mothers, they can view their lives in a positive light by exploring the significance of their own experiences. These findings suggest that these mothers should recognize themselves as recipients of social support services and seek professional assistance in overcoming the various challenges associated with raising a child with developmental disabilities.

Hip Dysplasia and Dislocation in Down Syndrome: Is There Evidence to Support Consideration of Routine Hip Surveillance?

IntroductionHip instability is associated with Down syndrome (DS). The goal of this review was to examine the existing literature to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to consider development of standardized hip surveillance guidelines in patients with DS. Materials and MethodsA scoping review following PRISMA guidelines identified English-language, peer reviewed publications concerning hip instability or dysplasia in people with DS, including diagnosis and imaging, physical examination, other hip pathologies, surgical and nonsurgical interventions and epidemiology from gestation to adulthood. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were queried with professional librarian assistance. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts. Discrepancies were resolved by group consensus. Validated critical appraisal tools were used. Results876 articles were screened, and 54 full text articles with case series, cross sectional and case control designs met criteria. Twenty-six articles have described pelvic morphology in people with DS including increased iliac indices, acetabular retroversion, and global acetabular insufficiency compared to peers. Studies have shown that 1.0 – 14% of pediatric DS patients, and up to 28% of adults with DS, have evidence of radiographic hip abnormality. ConclusionsA scoping review of the literature demonstrates that the risk of hip pathology among children and adults with DS is increased independent of life stage. Consideration of early and regular radiographic and physical examination of DS patients, focused on potential hip pathology, may be warranted. Level of EvidenceLevel V Key Concepts(1)There is evidence of a significant risk of hip pathology in patients with Down syndrome.(2)To date, focused review of the existing literature has been limited.(3)A scoping review demonstrates that regular and routine hip surveillance in patients with Down syndrome may be indicated.

Exploring the experiences of queer international students accessing mental health support in Victoria, Australia

International students (IS) generate significant revenue in Australia, bringing diversity, but also distinctive needs and values. IS experience unique mental health challenges and their unmet support needs have recently received public and academic attention, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic. A small number of existing Australian studies have examined IS mental health experiences, focusing on their individual behaviours and attitudes towards help seeking. However, framing IS as homogeneous misses important variations within this population. This study therefore explores the experiences of a diverse IS subgroup - queer international students (QIS), and the barriers and facilitators that influence how they seek and gain mental health support. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six QIS studying in Victoria. Results show that the persistent impacts of broader socio-cultural factors and systemic gaps act as barriers for QIS to access support, while awareness of intersectionality is critical in providing appropriate professional assistance to QIS.

Motivation to Change Direction in Life with a Little Help from a Digital Companion or a Professional Assistance

This article examines whether people are motivated to change their life direction at all, who is currently changing their purpose, and whether they prefer the assistance of a digital companion or a professional when changing their purpose. Adults (N = 792, 50.3% women) participated in a survey that addressed these questions. Across all participants, 53.4% said they wanted to change their life direction or were currently working on it, and among those respondents, 56.5% preferred support from a professional or digital companion. Results showed that lower life satisfaction, younger age, and identifying as a woman were associated with a greater likelihood of being motivated to change their purpose and a greater likelihood of actually making an effort to change their purpose, relative to not wanting to change their purpose. In addition, demographic variables helped distinguish participants who preferred support from a professional or a digital companion compared to those who did not.

Design of intelligent controller for obstacle avoidance and navigation of electric patrol mobile robot based on PLC

Currently, the obstacle avoidance control of patrol robots based on intelligent vision lacks professional controller module assistance. Therefore, this paper proposes a design method of intelligent controller for obstacle avoidance and navigation of electrical inspection mobile robot based on PLC control. The controller designs a laser range finder to determine the required position of electrical patrol inspection. Use PLC as the core controller, and combine sensors, actuators, communication module and PLC selection module in the process of hardware design to achieve autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance functions of the robot. Then design the software including the PLC compiler system and the virtual machine module. Based on the above steps, design the control module of obstacle avoidance navigation, which realizes the key link of robot autonomous navigation. The test results show that the controller can successfully avoid obstacles, improve the efficiency and quality of inspection, and achieve accurate and fast obstacle avoidance navigation for the electrical inspection mobile robot.

How does community education encourage sustainable development? A comprehensive strategy strengthens the role of community facilitators

This paper aims to provide an overview of the main findings and conclusions of the study. It The primary objective of this study was to enhance the proficiency of professional community assistants in order to promote the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within rural communities in Indonesia. Utilizing qualitative methodologies encompassing observational techniques, interviews, and analysis of documents, the research formulated a comprehensive approach. The suggested methodology promotes self-directed learning, active involvement in professional communities, participation in training initiatives, structured communication with supervisors, attentiveness to community development matters, cooperation with local authorities, and the development of comprehensive planning materials. These tactics enable community facilitators to enhance the alignment of their duties with the objectives of the SDGs. Nevertheless, the study admits several inherent limits that arise from the intricate nature of varied community contexts, restrictions on resources, and the varying levels of engagement from local leadership. In order to tackle these challenges, it is imperative for future research to prioritize long-term impact assessments, thoroughly examine contextual factors that influence the effectiveness of strategies, and endeavor to quantify the influence of these strategies on the achievement of SDGs. By doing so, research can establish a more robust basis for policy recommendations and initiatives aimed at community development.

Crisis preparation for people with multiple sclerosis in Australia: A cross-sectional survey of needs

With increasing prevalence of disasters or crises such as fires, floods, and pandemics globally, people with disabilities are disproportionally at risk for short- and long-term consequences. We surveyed 1479 people with multiple sclerosis (MS) living in Australia to understand their needs for a crisis preparation plan. Only 17.4 % already had a plan that met their needs, 31.0 % and 6.5 % indicated they would find creating or updating a plan helpful (respectively) and 14.1 % were unsure. A third indicated they would need professional assistance with creating or updating their plan. This study shows that people with MS perceive the need to improve their individual preparedness for crises and the need for assistance in doing so. Community disaster preparedness and response plans should consider the particular needs of this patient population, and those living with MS-related disabilities and their carers should be included in the development of these plans.

RPL Management Model for Capacity Building of Village Apparatus: A Case Study on Cooperation between Surabaya State University and Bojonegoro District Government

Law Number 23 of 2014 grants regional autonomy, which means that each regional institution is authorized to manage its own policies. This includes village governments, which are regulated by Law Number 6 of 2014. Therefore, it is crucial to have competent village personnel who can provide exceptional services to the citizens. In 2021, 45,387 village heads, 43,876 village secretaries, 31,147 village-owned enterprise managers, and 7,889 professional assistants graduated from high school, according to data from the Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration. This highlights the need to strengthen the education of village apparatus. One way to achieve this is through the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) program, which is a collaboration between the Ministry and universities such as the State University of Surabaya and the State University of Yogyakarta. This program can help improve the skills of village apparatus. However, there is a gap between the reality and the implementation of the collaboration between the Ministry and Pertindes regarding the implementation of RPL for village apparatus. In Bojonegoro Regency, for instance, only 61% of village heads had a high school educational background in 2022, according to the Office of Community Empowerment and Village Government. To address this issue, the researcher aims to understand the management of RPL in Bojonegoro Regency to improve the capacity of village apparatus. The research is based at the State University of Surabaya and Bojonegoro Regency. The study obtained primary data from interviews, literature studies, and a memorandum of understanding between the State University of Surabaya (UNESA) and the Bojonegoro Regency Government. The researcher used a knowledge management approach in program planning, which focused on six main stages in development planning. These stages included problem identification, problem diagnosis, design stage, design implementation, design testing, and solution formulation. The results of the study showed that collaboration and support from educational institutions are strategic solutions for improving village human resources. Additionally, the RPL program is relevant to the functions of higher education institutions in preparing personnel for village government administration. The implementation of RPL in Bojonegoro is in accordance with the principles of cooperation. However, there were some technical obstacles in the implementation of activities.