Instrument For Assistance Research Articles

Reduced-port robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy with optimized surgical field deployment: early results of single-site plus-two ports method

BackgroundThe adoption of Robotic Pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) is increasing globally. Meanwhile, reduced-port RPD (RPRPD) remains uncommon, requiring robot-specific techniques not possible with laparoscopy. We introduce a unique RPRPD technique optimizing surgical field exposure.MethodsOur RPRPD utilizes a single-site plus-two ports technique, facilitated by a single-port platform through a 5-cm incision. The configuration of robotic arms (arm1, arm2, arm3, and arm4) were strategically designed for optimal procedural efficiency, with the arms2 and arm3, alongside the assistant trocar, mounted on the single-port platform, while the arms1 and arm4 were positioned laterally across the abdomen. Drainage was established via channels created at the arm1 and arm4 insertion sites. A “gooseneck traction” was principally employed with the robotic instrument to prop up the specimen rather than grasp, improving the surgical field’s visibility and access. Clinical outcomes of patients who underwent RPRPD performed between August 2020 and September 2023 by a single surgeon across two centers in Taiwan and Japan were reviewed.ResultsFifty patients underwent RPRPD using the single-site plus-two ports technique. The gooseneck traction technique enabled goodsurgical field deployment and allowed for unrestricted movement of robotic arms with no collisions with the assistant instruments. The median operative time was 351 min (250–488 min), including 271 min (219–422 min) of console time and three minutes (2–10 min) of docking time. The median estimated blood loss was 80 mL (1–872 mL). All RPRPD procedures were successfully performed without the need for conversion to open surgery. Postoperative major morbidity (i.e., Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ IIIa) was observed in 6 (12%) patients and median postoperative hospital stay was 13 days.ConclusionsThe single-site plus-two ports RPRPD with the gooseneck traction proves to be a safe, feasible option, facilitating surgical field visibility and robotic arm maneuverability.Graphical

Adjunctive transseptal corridor: Technique for endoscopic resection of orbital tumor.

The transnasal endoscopic approach is increasingly used for resection of tumors that are located inferiorly and medially within the orbit. However, this usually requires multiple-handed manipulations, which demand a second corridor for an assistant. Here, we introduce a simple transseptal corridor from the contra-nare, to facilitate assistant instrument maneuverability. This simple, minimally invasive skill greatly improves operation efficiency and deserves greater attention in endoscopic orbital surgery.

Розвиток транскордонного співробітництва в умовах євроінтеграції України

The aim of the article is to substantiate the essence and financial instruments for the development of cross-border cooperation in the context of Ukraine’s European integration. It is proposed to consider cross-border cooperation as joint, coordinated actions aimed at convergence, synergy, multiplicative effect in solving problems by subjects and participants of cross-border cooperation through the implementation of programs and projects using traditional and new financial instruments. It is specified that cross-border cooperation has three main goals. First, it contributes to the economic and social development of border areas, which can lead to the growth in terms of new enterprises and industries. Secondly, it addresses common challenges related to the environment, public health, safety and security and aims to create better conditions for the mobility of people, goods and capital across borders. Ukraine’s position on future membership in the EU and the possibility of participation in cross-border cooperation programs is substantiated, for which structural funds for 2021–2027 are allocated from the EU through the European Regional Development Fund and the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument. The thematic priorities of funding for the new program period are as follows: a sustainable, green border region; a healthy and attractive border region; joint border region. The possibilities of using IPA, the latest instrument of assistance at the stage of preparation for accession to the EU, which is aimed at supporting reforms through the provision of financial and technical assistance, are substantiated. It can be used by both existing and potential candidates for the EU membership. The author’s own calculations showed that out of the total volume of the operating budget for 2021-2027 under the assistance of the IPA III instrument in the pre-accession phase of the EU, the largest amount of funding will be directed to the the goal that is a «green» agenda, sustainable connectivity (transport and communication links); the thematic objective «Competitiveness and Inclusive Growth»; good governance, alignment with the EU acquis criterion, good neighbourly relations and strategic communication; the rule of law, fundamental rights and democracy; territorial and cross-border cooperation. Further research will be aimed at developing the conceptual foundations and strategic directions for the development of cross-border cooperation.

The prospects and challenges of Kosovo's accession to the EU in light of the EU's policies and priorities

IntroductionThis paper analyzes the extent to which the EU's involvement in Kosovo's political and economic development has contributed to the country's progress toward democratization and European integration.MethodsThe study employs a comparative analysis of the EU's engagement with Kosovo versus other Western Balkan countries. It also utilizes a case study approach to identify the unique challenges presented by Kosovo's contested statehood. Data sources include official EU reports, agreements, commentary from experts, and economic indicators.ResultsThe findings show the EU has played a pivotal role in Kosovo through deploying its assistance instruments, facilitating the normalization dialogue with Serbia, and laying out a potential accession path. However, non-recognition by five member states, disputes with Serbia, and struggles meeting EU reform criteria impact Kosovo's integration prospects.DiscussionDespite its substantial involvement, the EU faces credibility issues in Kosovo due to ongoing hurdles thwarting Kosovo's advancement toward accession. The EU must increase its leverage over Serbia, incentivize internal reforms, and align member state positions to support Kosovo's European integration. A clearer pathway to membership in Kosovo would reinforce the EU's role in fostering peace, democracy, and prosperity in the Western Balkans.

Funding the War in Ukraine: The European Peace Facility, the Macro‐Financial Assistance Instrument, and the Slow Rise of an EU Fiscal Capacity

The war in Ukraine represented a major geopolitical shock for the EU. In the face of an illegal Russian aggression, EU institutions and member states rallied to support Ukraine. Nevertheless, the war in Ukraine also exposed the limited fiscal capacity of the EU. As a result, EU institutions and member states had to come up with creative ways to financially back Ukraine’s military and civilian efforts. This article examines the two key tools deployed by the EU so far to fund Ukraine in its war against Russia, namely the European Peace Facility and the Macro-Financial Assistance Instrument. The article details the legal features of these tools, evaluates their intergovernmental vs. supranational nature, and reflects on their significance for the consolidation of an EU fiscal capacity. As the article argues, the war in Ukraine quickly prompted the EU to replicate some of the novelties it used to respond to the Covid-19 pandemic, namely the use of common borrowing and spending. Nevertheless, structural fiscal and governance weaknesses still limit the ability of the EU to mobilize resources and leverage power on the international stage.

Teacher’s Role as Motivator in the Development of Students at Neglasari Cipare Primary School, Serang, Indonesia

Apart from serving as a teacher, the teacher also acts as a mentor, guide, and motivator who helps students achieve their best potential. Motivation is the key to increasing student interest, participation, and learning achievement. This study aimed to assess the teacher's role as a motivator for students in Neglasari primary school. This study is qualitative observational research. Research requires assistance instruments, namely screening forms, informant data, interview guidelines, and recording equipment, which in this study required primary data and secondary data. Teachers have a key role in arousing and maintaining student motivation. Teachers can create a fun, inclusive, and positive classroom environment. Teachers must provide clear and structured goals to students. Teachers must use a variety of interesting and varied teaching methods. Teachers must provide constructive and positive feedback to students. Teachers can use a personalized approach to teaching. Teachers can help students see the relevance of the subject matter to the real world.

European Cultural Cooperation Projects in the Western Balkans

The EU and the Western Balkans are bound together by enduring cultural connections and a shared goal. In order to advance peace and good neighbourly relations, the European Commission decided in July 2019 to strengthen cultural cooperation in the Western Balkans. The Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA II) launched an explicit call based on the Creative Europe Programme, encouraging applicants to suggest a consortium with the majority of partners from the Western Balkans in order to strengthen regional ties and increase local impact. Out of 350 entries, the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) chose 13 projects with 91 partners. In order to most effectively heal the wounds left by the wars in the former Yugoslavia and to foster a sense of common citizenship in Europe, these cultural efforts are instances of cultural soft power.
 
 Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023

Challenges faced by nursing in the emergency room for the care of trauma victims: an integrative literature review

Trauma is one of the main causes of death and disability in Brazil, requiring immediate and adequate care to minimize damage and sequelae. The effective performance of the nursing professional in the emergency room is essential for the recovery of the traumatized patient. The research proposes to analyze the challenges faced by nursing and the role of nurses in the emergency room, based on the scientific literature of the last five years. The qualitative and descriptive approach uses the integrative literature review modality. The nurse's work in the emergency room involves care and management, including team organization, quick decision-making, and a holistic approach to the trauma patient. The Fugulin Scale is an assistance instrument used to measure personnel, but it can be difficult to apply due to demand variability. It is critical to secure additional staff to ensure proper patient care. The emergency room has peculiarities that require technical and managerial skills from professionals, as well as sensitivity and empathy to offer humanized and individualized care, without judgments. Adequate preparation of professionals, a safe work environment and a complete team are essential for quality care. It is crucial to invest in continuing education, better equipped units and integrated teams to optimize care for trauma patients.

Fully mechanical motion-scaling instrument for microsurgery assistance: design improvement for enhancing the dynamic performance

Abstract Robot assistance can improve the outcome of microsurgery by scaling down the surgeon’s hand motions. However, the high cost of surgical robots has prevented their use in small hospitals or medical facilities in several developing countries. As a novel alternative, a fully mechanical motion-scaling instrument, which can be operated without computers and motors, was proposed based on the pantograph mechanism. However, it had several problems owing to the cumbersome and heavy structures during the prototype test. This study aims solving the problems found in the first design and proving the advantages of the improvement, based on the design and performance criteria. The pantograph structure was simplified, and the gravity compensation method was modified to reduce inertia by using a constant force spring instead of a counter-mass. The improvement was computationally predicted using a mathematical model, and the results were verified through trajectory measurements in a micropositioning task. Finally, the evaluation of dynamic performance is quantitatively presented through iterative positioning tasks.

V03-09 MANAGEMENT OF INTRAOPERATIVE VASCULAR INJURIES IN UROLOGIC SINGLE-PORT OR MULTI-PORT ROBOTIC SURGERY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023V03-09 MANAGEMENT OF INTRAOPERATIVE VASCULAR INJURIES IN UROLOGIC SINGLE-PORT OR MULTI-PORT ROBOTIC SURGERY Anh Nguyen, David Ali, Benjamin Rudnick, Rogerio Huang, Mubashir Shabil Billah, and Mutahar Ahmed Anh NguyenAnh Nguyen More articles by this author , David AliDavid Ali More articles by this author , Benjamin RudnickBenjamin Rudnick More articles by this author , Rogerio HuangRogerio Huang More articles by this author , Mubashir Shabil BillahMubashir Shabil Billah More articles by this author , and Mutahar AhmedMutahar Ahmed More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003241.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: There are many challenges to managing vascular injuries during robotic urologic surgeries. These include limited exposure due to the small field, inability to quickly expand the surgical field with retractors and additional personnel, inability manually palpate or apply manual pressure over a broad area, and reliance on a limited array of robotic instruments. Other challenges include the limited field of vision of the robotic camera, as well as reliance on insufflation to maintain adequate visualization. Consultant surgeons may not have significant experience with using the robot. These all can translate into longer operative times for repair of vascular injuries with resultant blood loss. We sought to share insights on how a robotic surgeon may handle repairing a vascular injury. METHODS: Three robotic multi- and single-port operative cases with vascular injuries were examined. Operative strategy was analyzed and discussed. RESULTS: A single-port robotic nephroureterctomy was done on a 68 year-old female with past history of endometrial cancer, hysterectomy with lymph node dissection, and radiation to the pelvis. A common iliac vein injury was incurred during dissection of the distal ureter and was repaired using robotic 4th arm to clamp the injured vessel, strategic use of ROSI suction, and non-absorbable 4-0 suture. A multi-port robotic radical prostatectomy was done on a 63 year-old male with history of Gleason 4+3 prostate cancer with inadvertent injury of the external iliac artery. A combination of robotic bulldog clamps, assistant suction and non-absorbable 4-0 suture was used to successfully repair the injury. Lastly, a multi-port robotic adrenalectomy was done for a 48 year-old female with a 6.5 cm adrenal mass with invasion into the IVC. Repair of the IVC was done with a combination of 4th arm and bulldog clamps, vessel loop traction, and non-absorbable 4-0 suture. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to robotically repair inadvertent vascular injuries during urologic surgery require strategic use of the 4th robotic arm, assistant- or robotically-applied clamps, and assistant instruments to free up working arms. Non-absorbable suture should be readily available. Closure of large blood vessels require releasing clamps momentarily before closure to avoid air embolus. Maximal visualization can be achieved using the zoom features of the robotic camera and its ability to discriminate fine detail. Maintaining composure with frequent and adequate communication with anesthesia and intensive care teams is vital in safely managing vascular injuries. Source of Funding: none © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e248 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anh Nguyen More articles by this author David Ali More articles by this author Benjamin Rudnick More articles by this author Rogerio Huang More articles by this author Mubashir Shabil Billah More articles by this author Mutahar Ahmed More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Between Humanitarian Assistance and Externalizing of EU Borders: The EU-Turkey Deal and Refugee Related Organizations in Turkey

This paper examines whether multilevel transnational cooperation makes a difference in refugee protection, especially in protracted displacement. In response to the forced migration of millions of Syrians to Turkey starting in 2011, the EU and Turkish government published a joint statement in March 2016. The so-called EU-Turkey deal (EUTD) provided a substantial flow of money (EUR 6 billion in four years) from the EU to Turkey. In return Turkey had to commit to contain and control migration movement toward the EU. In social science, there are quite diverse evaluations of the EUTD. Whereas some studies focus on its effectiveness and efficiency in reaching the outlined goals, other publications stress its geo-political effects on migrants’ mobility and (externalized) border control. Meanwhile some studies look for points to improve the EUTD while others criticize it fundamentally. This article analyzes the involvement of different types of international governmental and non-governmental organizations (IGOs and INGOs) in the four main action fields of the EUTD and its implicit side effects on the Turkish regime of migration management. It first summarizes some crucial findings and pending questions in the social science literature. Based on analysis of available documents and our own interviews in Turkey, we then shed light on the organizations involved in the implementation of the EUTD and its effects on the Turkish regime of refugee protection. In 2022, Turkey hosted some 3.7 million Syrian refugees of a total of almost four million registered international forced migrants. The EUTD of 2016 was mainly a response by the EU to the large numbers of Syrian refugees arriving in its members’ territories. When more than 1.2 million asylum seekers were registered in the then EU-28 in 2015 alone — more than twice the number in the preceding year — some EU member states (MS) negotiated with the Turkish government (Eurostat 2015, 2016). Based on a meeting of the European Council and its “Turkish counterpart” the so-called “EU-Turkey statement” was published on March 18 in 2015 (European Council 2016). From the very beginning, this EUTD was controversial — both in public discussions and in the social science literature. Was it primarily a payment from the EU to the Turkish government for externalizing its responsibilities of refugee protection? Or was it an appropriate measure for sharing the burden of an urgent humanitarian crisis? Was the money spent for refugee-oriented humanitarian aid and development expenses or was it instrumentalized by the Turkish government for its own ends? How did refugee related IGOs and INGOs participate in the management of the EUTD? In the following sections, we focus on some selected aspects of the role of national and international, governmental and non-governmental organizations active in the field of refugee protection, specifically the role and cooperation dynamics of these refugee related organizations (RRO) in implementing the Facility for Refugees in Turkey (FRIT) as part of the EUTD. Based on expert interviews in Turkey and an analysis of spending under the EUTD, the paper analyzes (1) how the landscape of RROs developed in the context of the EUTD, (2) how the budget of the EUTD was spent, and (3) how the cooperation between these RROs developed. The paper adds new insights into the contradictory dynamics between organizing services for refugees and controlling and containing refugee movements to the EU, between assisting and instrumentalizing forced migrants in Turkey, and between humanitarian aid and development activities. Especially the last point is relevant for contexts of protracted displacement as instruments of immediate humanitarian assistance have to be combined with means of longer-term development. From a perspective of organizational sociology, it argues that the EUTD contributed to a multi-level transnational organizational field of refugee protection, where collective and corporate actors relate in conflict and cooperation between the poles of rational self-interests and mutually recognized norms, between control-oriented state authorities up to grass root action networks. Analysis of the EUTD enables us to draw out specific insights and practical lessons for a broader audience. Before presenting our own empirical findings we first will sketch out the broader landscape of social science research and analysis of the EUTD. 2

Is european attachment sufficiently strong to support an EU fiscal capacity: Evidence from a conjoint experiment

Based on a conjoint survey experiment with 10,000 respondents from France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and Spain at the end of March/beginning of April 2020, we explore how individual characteristics shape support among Eurozone citizens for a European Union (EU) budgetary assistance instrument to combat adverse temporary or permanent economic shocks hitting EU Member States. We consider particularly the role of socioeconomic factors, such as income and education, covid fears and European attachment. Remarkably, how covid worries and European attachment affect the support for specific designs of the assistance instrument is not affected by other factors, in particular not by socioeconomic factors. These latter factors play an important role affecting support, independent of European attachment. Programs with European Commission monitoring (and recommendations) and cross-country redistribution, possibly even mandatory towards poor countries, can count on stronger support from those with higher European attachment. Those with strong covid fears are generally more in favour of EU budgetary assistance, mandatory spending of assistance on healthcare and redistribution to poor countries. Programs with Commission monitoring (and recommendations) receive extra support from high-income and highly-educated individuals. Also, the latter group specifically favors potential or mandatory cross-border redistribution. The independent role of individual European attachment suggests that instruments other than socioeconomic policies, e.g. better information provision about its use, may help raise support for an EU assistance instrument.

Construct validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS): a proposal for a 12-item short version.

This study aimed to update the assessment of construct validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS). This is part of a cohort study, in which the scale was applied to 415 pregnant women. The factor structure was verified via structural equation models. Comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used to verify the model fit. Additionally, to test the validity of the MFAS based on external variables, generalized linear model was performed to test the association between obstetric variables, social support, and symptoms of depression with the MFAS. The reliability was analyzed via the composite reliability coefficient (CR). The 12-item short version of the Brazilian MFAS showed adequate parameters of construct validity (CFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.960 and RMSEA = 0.032, 90%CI: 0.012-0.048) and is composed of three factors ("empathy and care", "role-taking", and "interaction with the fetus") containing 12 items. The total scores of the MFAS were positively correlated with social support (p-value < 0.001) and negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (p-value = 0.007). Moreover, women who live with a partner (p-value = 0.026) and had intended pregnancies (p-value < 0.001) presented a better bond with the fetus. Regarding reliability, factors 1 and 2 showed adequate values (CR = 0.72 and CR = 0.82, respectively) and factor 3 regular value (CR = 0.63). This 12-item short version of the Brazilian MFAS may be a reliable and valid instrument for scientific studies and clinical assistance in Brazil.

FINANCING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

Ensuring the competitiveness of Ukrainian goods and technologies is an important problem, the solution of which is connected with the improvement of their development, production, sale and maintenance, that is, with the implementation of targeted financing of innovative activities. The purpose of the study is to determine the state and establish trends in the financing of innovative activities of industrial enterprises of Ukraine for the period 2000-2020 based on actual data provided by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine as of the date of publication of the article. Analytical method, methods of data grouping, graphic methods, methods of deduction, comparison, systematization and logical generalization were used in the research process. The article examines the dynamics of sources of financing innovative activities of Ukrainian enterprises over a certain period of time; considered internal and external sources of financing innovative processes, problems and prospects of their involvement by domestic industrial enterprises. It was established that in the period before the announcement of quarantine measures due to COVID-19 and the subsequent start of Russia's aggressive war against Ukraine, the main sources of financing innovative activities in Ukraine were: companies' own funds; funds from the state budget of the country; funds from foreign investors and funds from other funding sources (funds from domestic investors, grants, etc.). The conducted research shows that the state policy of Ukraine regarding the implementation of innovative activities is unstable and fragmented. Adopted state acts are not supported by financial and other instruments that would allow domestic enterprises to carry out and finance innovative activities at an accelerated pace. In such a situation, the leadership of our country should pay more attention to the improvement of the legislative framework and the creation of real financial instruments of forced assistance to Ukrainian enterprises in the implementation of innovative activities.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНОЇ МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ВОЄННОЇ АГРЕСІЇ

This article demonstrates the feasibility of transformational reforms towards Ukraine's accession to the European Union in the context of Russian military aggression. These processes should be based on the realization that there are objective problems and contradictions not only in Ukraine but also in the EU countries are investigated. The EU officially recognizes the systemic crisis of the union and the inevitability of its reforms. The main purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions and recommendations for political and economic transformations in Ukraine in the context of Russia's military aggression and its post-war recovery. Based on the analysis of recent research and publications by well-known economists, the current state of the Ukrainian economy in the context of war, the main directions of political and economic reform of society are examined by the authors. The results thus obtained are compatible with are consistent with certain economic and legal factors that stimulate or constrain the potential of a future agreement on Ukraine's accession to the European Union and Ukraine's access to EU financial instruments aimed at supporting and developing candidate countries. The directions and instruments of assistance to our country that will make Ukraine an attractive place for investment and access to loans and grants from the EU member states are analyzed in the paper. Special attention is paid to the post-war recovery of Ukraine in the context of the international political and economic situation. It has been found that special attention is paid to the realization of the benefits of the candidate status. This step will launch the official procedure of Ukraine's accession to the European Union and reforms in all areas. The positive reforms that have been launched in previous years must be continued. It is concluded that the prospects for further research in this area may include an analysis of the problems associated with reforming the Ukrainian economy towards EU accession, as well as the transformation of Ukraine in the context of Russia's military aggression. Reforms in our country should be coordinated with the changes taking place in the European Union.

Quick and Accurate Placement of Cannulated Screws to Internal Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures Using a Novel Guide Device.

Fixation of femoral neck fractures with cannulated screws is an accepted method. This study aimed to compare a novel guide device and conventional technique with regard to the accuracy, operation time, fluoroscopy numbers, and drilling attempts during the insertion of cannulated screws to internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. This retrospective study included 60 patients with intracapsular femoral neck fractures who were treated with cannulated screws from January 2020 to June 2021. Three screws were inserted into the femoral neck by conventional technique or using the novel guide device. The operative time, total drilling attempts, and fluoroscopy numbers were evaluated. The precision of implant placement was evaluated by screw parallelism and spread. The patients were followed for 12-24months. The fluoroscopy numbers and operation time of the guide-device-assisted group were shorter than for the conventional group (p < 0.05). The total drilling attempts were significantly lower with the guide device than in the conventional group (p < 0.05). The guide-device-assisted group had better screw parallelism and greater spread than the conventional group (p < 0.05). The novel guide device may be an effective assistant instrument for internal fixation of femoral neck fracture with cannulated screws.

Design and assembly of an XY-type beam current monitor for cyclotron accelerators

A water-cooled XY-type beam current monitor was designed, manufactured and assembled in a cyclotron accelerator beam transport line. Tests were performed, demonstrating that apparatus is an instrument of great assistance in proton beam position. The XY-type beam current monitor has been widely used in liquid target irradiations, employing irradiation system which were originally designed for irradiations on 18 MeV cyclotron accelerator (Cyclone 18, IBA) only, however, with this apparatus, the target may be exchanged between the 30 MeV (Cyclone 30, IBA) and 18 MeV cyclotrons.

Impact of Martial Law on Development Financial Mechanism of the Agricultural Sector of Ukraine

Martial law and hostilities on the territory of Ukraine have an unprecedented devastating impact on the national economy. There is a restructuring of management and financial regulation to preserve statehood and security. The purpose of the article is to summarize the state of the financial mechanism in the agrarian sector of Ukraine, primarily on the example of its budgetary instruments, in a war economy. A monographic method was used to review scientific publications and the regulatory framework, system analysis and synthesis to display the dynamics of indicators for the object of study. The methodological foundations of the functioning of the financial mechanism of the agricultural sector are summarized through its structural levels, strategy and tactics, methods, levers and tools. The definition of the categories of the financial mechanism, financial instruments of the financial and agricultural markets has been clarified, their connection with agricultural policy has been highlighted. The structure of the regulatory field, according to which the financial mechanism of agrarian policy is regulated under martial law, is determined. The state of the financial market of Ukraine, the structure and volume of its resources for the period of conducting the hybrid military aggression of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The state of the financial mechanism of the agricultural sector in 2013-2022 is highlighted. for financial instruments and components of budget support, lending, fiscal and price regulation, capital consumption, capital investment; connection of the volumes of financial resources of industry corporations with the results of activities in terms of profitability. The financial instruments of international assistance for the economy and the agricultural sector of Ukraine are summarized. The novelty of the study is the systematization of the features of the financial mechanism and its constituent instruments for the agricultural sector of Ukraine under martial law and the forecast of the volume of financial potential for 2022 by individual components. The directions of transformation of the financial mechanism for post-war reconstruction are outlined. It is shown that a significant criterion for the impact of agricultural policy on financial processes is the growth of qualitative characteristics of the mechanism for their implementation, primarily the expansion of the regulatory field for the formation of financial resources and attraction of investments, the simplification of agricultural business, the expansion of logistics and ways of marketing products, the formation of food balances, export-import operations. Separate results of the study in terms of determining the structure and volume of the financial potential of the directions for further transformation of the financial mechanism can be used in the formation of the financial component of the Strategy for the post-war recovery of the economy of Ukraine.

AB KIRSAL KALKINMA PROGRAMININ TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI: MALATYA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

Purpose: The Rural Development Component of the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPARD) program, which was first implemented by the EU between 2007 and 2013, has been implemented in Turkiye since 2011. In the study, it is aimed to investigate whether the implementation of the EU Rural Development Policy in Turkiye is successful or not.Methodology: The evaluation is made based on the data obtained from previous research, the data of the Agriculture and Rural Development Support Institution (ARDSI) and Malatya Provincial Coordinatorship, and the data obtained from a survey conducted with beneficiaries in Malatya. Pearson Correlation analysis and One-Way ANOVA analysis were performed on the data obtained through the questionnaire. According to the results of the analysis, evaluations were made on the results of the IPARD program in Turkiye.Findings: In the study, the Turkish implementation of the IPARD program was generally successful, a large number of enterprises producing in EU standards were brought to the province of Malatya, a culture of preparing investment projects was created, experience was gained in making feasibility studies and financial analysis on the sustainability of agricultural enterprises, and it contributed directly or indirectly to employment increase.Originality: There are very few studies in the literature on the success of the IPARD program in Turkiye. In these studies, no data was collected directly from the beneficiaries by the questionnaire method and there is no previous study on the case of Malatya province.

European Development Co‐operation via Technical Assistance: An Outside‐in Perspective

AbstractExisting research typically sees European Union (EU) development co‐operation as one of its tools for influencing third countries. By contrast, in focusing on technical assistance as a part of EU development co‐operation, this article examines third countries' influence on this co‐operation. The article builds on unique data on the EU's technical assistance to third countries and third countries' requests for technical assistance from the largest EU technical assistance instrument – the Technical Assistance and Information Exchange. The findings demonstrate that third countries are selective in the assistance that they request and that via such requests third countries can influence the extent of technical co‐operation with the EU. The article provides a novel outside‐in perspective on the EU's development co‐operation and contributes to our understanding of how the EU's technical assistance functions.