Emergency Assistance Research Articles

The Effects of Multinational Companies (MNCs) Involvement in Developing Nations

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of Multinational Companies involvement in developing nations.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: The study concluded that the critical roles played by MNCs include providing employment, contributing to community development projects, and providing industrial training to youth. Other roles include providing local markets, providing emergency assistance to disaster survivors, environmental protection, staff development and contributing to the tax base.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on legitimacy and stakeholder’s theory. The study recommends that multinational companies should ensure they have in the board of directors, a member who is originally from the host country. The study also recommends that there should be more incorporation of the community and other stakeholders in future MNC activities to avoid conflicts.

A study on the quality evaluation index system of smart home care for older adults in the community ——based on Delphi and AHP

BackgroundIn the context of the “silver wave” and “technology wave”, smart home care for older adults in the community provide new ways for China and other countries to support ageing in place. Yet, only very few studies have focused on developing a quality index system of smart care. This study attempted to draw on the SERVQUAL model to establish a quality evaluation index system for smart senior care for older adults in the community.MethodsOn the basis of the service quality model, this paper has integrated qualitative and quantitative analyses using the Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods to construct the index system of smart home care in the community and obtain the weights. These were based on literature research and field interviews in Guangzhou and Shenzhen pilot districts.ResultsA quality evaluation indexes system of smart home care for older adults in the community was developed, with 5 primary indices and 33 secondary indices. The weights of the 5 stair indices from high to low were smart emergency assistance 0.332, smart meal assistance 0.272, smart medical assistance 0.229, smart cleaning assistance 0.110 and smart amusement assistance 0.057.ConclusionThe results from the weight allocation revealed smart emergency assistance, smart meal assistance, and smart medical care assistance were the most important and crucial aspects of community-based smart home care. The study also suggested that “timeliness”, “reliability”, and “ease of use” should be given more attention. It is recommended to use this index system as a regulatory benchmark to guide the government bodies, senior care enterprises and communities to take measures to enhance the quality.

Child emergency assistance training for health cadres in Rowocacing Village, Kedungwuni, Pekalongan

Health cadres are the driving forces of posyandu. One of the roles of health cadres is to provide health education. Various factors cause this role to be less than optimal, including the factor of lack of knowledge. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge of health cadres about first aid at home for children with health problems so that cadres are able to disseminate knowledge of mothers to the community, especially groups, and children. Activities in the form of training for cadres on the first aid at home for children with health problems in Rowocacing Village, Kedungwuni District, Pekalongan. Participants in the activity were 19 cadres. The method of activity carried out by providing cadre training for 2 days on emergency material in children includes choking, diarrhea, sprains, and injuries. Training activities are carried out using the learning lecture method, question and answer, discussion, demonstration, and re-demonstration by the participants. Evaluation is done in writing and demonstration. The average initial knowledge score was 48.3 and the final average score was 80.1, so it can be concluded that there is an increase in cadres' knowledge about first aid at home for children with health problems.

Improving consistency based on regret theory: A multi-attribute group decision making method with linguistic distribution assessments

Multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems widely exist in our daily life. In such problems, multiple decision makers (DMs) are involved and elicit their evaluations to assess a set of possible alternatives. Their complexity usually implies to deal with uncertain contexts and the use of linguistic preference modelling for the elicited assessments has been common. Linguistic distribution assessments (LDAs) applied to MAGDM, involving several linguistic terms associated with their symbolic proportions, have been effective to describe such assessments. However, to ensure a reasonable decision making result, the consistency of LDAs should be investigated and a corresponding MAGDM method proposed. This paper proposes a MAGDM method based on regret theory, not only to take the psychological behaviors of DMs into account, but also to reflect the consistency of assessments. Hence, the additive regret preference relation is firstly defined and then four algorithms are devised to improve the consistency of assessments. On this basis, two weighting determination models are built to calculate the weights of attributes and DMs respectively. Furthermore, alternatives can be ranked according to their overall synthetic values. The proposed MAGDM method is applied to an emergency assistance area selection problem and its result verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposal.

Evaluation of Community Participation in Restoration Efforts Following the Merapi Volcano Eruptions in Muntilan, Magelang

Disasters due to the frequent eruptions of Mount Merapi have attracted great attention. For example, from the beginning of 2020 to June 21, 2020, 10 eruptions brought panic to the community. To avoid the unpreparedness of the community when a disaster occurs, the government and the private sector have provided programs to the victims. The program is running at the optimal planning and implication stage. However, in the next stage, programs that involve the active participation of affected communities run at a low level. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to produce in-depth data from local government informants and community leaders who are victims of disasters and develop post-disaster reconstruction programs. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation of appropriate and required data. The results of this study include, in Muntilan District, Magelang Regency, there has been a community recovery program in the form of post-disaster emergency assistance, as well as other economic recovery programs to restore life to normal. Initially, the handling of the community’s economic recovery program did not go as expected. Many aids were given directly to the community but were not useful due to obstacles in the field; The results of the evaluation of the level of community participation in Magelang Regency, in general, can be classified as very low in post-disaster development programs.
 Keywords: eruption, aid program, normal life, participation

Review of Counter-Based Digester ACK's Effectiveness in MANET Packet Loss Prevention

a wireless peer-to-peer network with a mobile component adaptability and self-formation characteristics that lacks infrastructure. The network is ideal for use in emergency and disaster assistance applications that need reliable communication.. Finding the channel between communicative entities and sending information across it enables communication. There are several routing protocols in the literature that are developed to achieve reliable communication. Routing protocols are susceptible to packet losses because they consider network nodes to be receptive to communication. Due to malicious behavior or a shortage of resources, nodes trash packets. To address the problem, a number of intrusion detection systems have been suggested in the literature. In order to prevent packet losses in MANET, the newly created counter-based digested Acknowledgement (CDACK) was developed. This study's objective is to assess the CDACK protocol's performance in relation to current MANET intrusion detection systems. The findings demonstrate that, in terms of avoiding packet dropping nodes from the routing path, the CDACK protocol is a good fit for MANET..

Legal regulation of an emergency lane creation during a traffic accident: international experience

The article is devoted to the analysis of the experience of such countries as Germany, India, Austria, the USA, Belgium, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Canada in the field of legal regulation of the creation of an emergency lane on roads during traffic accidents.
 Emergency and rescue services, ambulance, fire protection, police are important components of providing emergency assistance during a traffic accident.
 The efficiency of emergency services, which must reach the scene of a traffic accident in a short period of time, in addition to subjective factors (the driver's psychological unreadiness/unwillingness to give priority to the vehicle), is significantly affected by the flaws of the road transport infrastructure, but the most - by a large number of vehicles causing numerous traffic jams. The problem of an emergency lane creation during traffic accidents is extremely relevant to rescuing victims.
 It is proved that the emergency lanes on the roads almost double the probability of avoiding fatal consequences caused by traffic accidents.
 By definition, the emergency lane is a free lane on the road intended for vehicles with priority. Such vehicles include: ambulances, firetrucks, police vehicles, tow trucks.
 Since the procedure and specifics of the emergency lane creation in foreign countries are fixed in legislation provided by the Traffic Rules or other normative legal acts, drivers may be sentenced to the following types of punishment for non-compliance: fine, penalty points, deprivation of a driver's license, imprisonment.
 Global experience suggests that the issues with the emergency lane creation and compliance monitoring should be regulated by the state bodies. Such approach contributes to the strict compliance with the traffic rules and therefore to the efficient and timely work of emergency and rescue services, ambulances, fire brigades, traffic police, etc.

Traveler's knowledge, attitude, and practice about travel health insurance: A community-based questionnaire study.

Travel, especially international travel, has become one of the most popular leisure activities in the world. The risk of accidents and travel-related illnesses, including infectious and non-communicable diseases, should not be neglected. To provide a more comprehensive pre-travel consultation to international travelers, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of travelers about travel health insurance. This was a cross-sectional study. Anonymous structured questionnaires were distributed to 1000 visitors to the Taiwan International Travel Fair in May 2019. The top three important travel health insurances were accidental death and disablement insurance (92%), accidental medical reimbursement (90.4%), and 24-hour emergency assistance (89%). In addition to education level, travel-associated illness, and special activities during travel, a significant association was observed between the willingness to buy various travel health insurances and the willingness of pre-travel consultation. Most travelers would buy travel health insurance; however, disproportional respondents understood the content of travel health insurance. Most travelers considered travel clinics to be the most reliable information source regarding travel health insurance. Therefore, travel medicine specialists are encouraged to offer more information about travel health insurance during pre-travel consultation.

Navigating the Australian Welfare System for Those Relying on Emergency and Community Food Assistance

More than one in ten Australians live in poverty, with many relying on government provided support and emergency payments. These payments are insufficient to cover basic costs of living, and as a result, many people are forced to engage with emergency and community food assistance. The aim of this article is to explore the experiences of those who, despite being in receipt of an Australian welfare payment and engaged with the welfare system, rely on charitable food assistance for some or all of their weekly food supply. Interviews were conducted with seventy-eight people and were thematically analysed. The main findings of this study are the significant challenges faced by people who are on very low incomes when navigating the government-provided welfare and non-government charity systems and the insufficiency of the welfare system in providing income to meet basic costs of living.

Can you please come to theatre now? - A retrospective review of emergent intra-operative vascular assistance in a tertiary centre.

Can you please come to theatre now? - A retrospective review of emergent intra-operative vascular assistance in a tertiary centre.

The coping continuum and acts reciprocity – a qualitative enquiry about household coping with food insecurity in Victoria, Australia

ObjectiveFood insecurity exists when a household has limited or uncertain access to food. This paper explores the strategies employed by households who are already accessing emergency and community food assistance to meet their food needs. MethodInterviews to explore strategies used to mitigate food insecurity of people living in Victoria, Australia, between June 2018 and January 2019. Data were analysed thematically. ResultsSeventy-eight interviews were conducted. Analysis resulted in two themes highlighting the range of coping strategies employed to mitigate the impacts of food insecurity; broadly described as 1) the coping continuum and 2) coping reciprocity. ConclusionsFood insecure households employ a range of strategies to secure food. Households that engage with the emergency and community food sector are described as in crisis or struggling, often skipping meals or reducing food consumed, or as coping and managing, characterised by bulking meals and growing food. Implications for public healthCoping with food insecurity exists on a continuum from crisis to management and reciprocity. With the prevalence of food insecurity expected to increase, some of these coping strategies will need to be incorporated into the practice of emergency and community food providers to assist households to meet food needs.

Not only COVID-19 disease impacts ambulance emergency demands but also lockdowns and quarantines

BackgroundThe pandemic has impacted both patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and patients who seek emergency assistance due to other health issues. Changes in emergency demands are expected to have occurred during the pandemic, the objective of this investigation is to characterize the changes in ambulance emergency demands during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Vaud State of Switzerland. The goal of this research is to identify the collateral effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency demands. To do so, this study quantifies the differences in health issues, level of severity, and patients’ sociodemographic characteristics (age, location, gender) prior to and during the outbreak.MethodThis is a retrospective, descriptive and comparative statistical analysis of all ambulance emergency missions from 2018 to 2020 (n = 107,150) in the State of Vaud in Switzerland. Variables analyzed were the number of ambulance missions, patient age and gender, health issues, severity (NACA scores), number of non-transports, mission times and locations. Variables were compared between prepandemic and pandemic situations across years and months. Comparative analysis used bivariate analysis, χ2 test, Student’s t test, and Mann‒Whitney U test.ResultsThe pandemic has had two major impacts on the population’s emergency demands. The first appears to be due to COVID-19, with an increase in respiratory distress cases that doubled in November 2020. The second relates to the implementation of lockdown and quarantine measures for the population and the closures of restaurants and bars. These might explain the decrease in both the number of traumas and intoxications, reaching more than 25% and 28%, respectively. An increase in prehospital emergency demands by the older population, which accounted for 53% of all demands in 2020, is measured.ConclusionCollateral effects occurred during 2020 and were not only due to the pandemic but also due to protective measures deployed relative to the population. This work suggests that more targeted reflections and interventions concerning the most vulnerable group, the population of people 65 and older, should be of high priority. Gaining generalizable knowledge from the COVID-19 pandemic in prehospital settings is critical for the management of future pandemics or other unexpected disasters.

Technology challenges among deaf and hard of hearing elders in China during COVID-19 pandemic emergency isolation: A qualitative study.

Digital technology can be an effective tool to facilitate emergency assistance in a pandemic, but many deaf and hard-of-hearing elders may experience challenges in using and adopting these technologies. In the context of the second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak, this study employs a qualitative research method based on in-depth interviews to explore technology challenges among deaf and hard-of-hearing elders in China. The results showed that this group's technology challenges arose mainly from barriers to the mastery of digital technology tools, among which barriers to the use of smartphones, to the accessibility of online medical consultations, and to the presentation of health codes, were most noteworthy. For the informants, these barriers led to social isolation and technology avoidance. What's more, the expectation of individuals to adopt certain types of digital intelligence technologies can inadvertently create inequities for disadvantaged groups and exacerbate the "digital divide." This study highlights the need for emergency management systems to be inclusive of elders with hearing loss in times of public health crises, by providing effective technology support and training to facilitate individuals' access to services and to safeguard their health, interests, and livelihood.

Addressing food insecurity and intersectional health-related social needs at a federally qualified health centre during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated preexisting health-related social needs (HRSN) in communities already facing health disparities. Federally qualified health centres (FQHC) are well positioned to understand the unique needs of diverse communities and patients. This singular case study provides a novel look into one Massachusetts FQHC's experience addressing increased hunger and poverty in their patient population. Interviews with the FQHC staff and leadership explored perspectives on the centre's current practices to address food insecurity, barriers they face, and hopes for improving community health. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using grounded theory methods. Participants were equivocal about whether food insecurity was the largest problem patients are facing. They rather emphasised the intersectional nature HRSN, including housing instability, occupational health hazards, and unemployment. Stigma associated with utilising social services, HRSN screening disruptions, and capacity limitations were barriers to addressing the community's needs. Participants highlighted the importance of patient agency; allowing patients to choose for themselves how and where they spend money to meet their health needs. The need to invest in community-centred and culturally sensitive solutions was also emphasised. Longer-term interventions, such as application assistance to federal nutrition assistance programmes, were highly favoured over emergency aid. Addressing the root causes of poverty and health disparities was recognised as essential to improving community health both during and after the pandemic. Findings highlight the importance of fostering trust and supporting community-centred and justice-oriented interventions that go beyond emergency assistance and individualised care.

First 10 days after the 6th of February 2023 earthquake disaster: experience of an orthopedic clinic on the border of the disaster zone.

The earthquake disaster that occurred on February 06, 2023, caused serious destruction and loss of life in the south of Türkiye. The purpose of this article consisting of two interconnected parts is to report the experience of our orthopedics clinic, which is located just on the border of the disaster area. The subject of the first part of the study is the characteristics of ortho-pedic traumas in earthquake victims and the treatment methods applied. The subject of the second part is the disaster work plan of the clinic and its consequences in practice. For the first step, descriptive information, diagnoses, and treatment methods of 204 earthquake victims who were treated by our clinic in the first 10 days after the disaster were compiled from the archives. In terms of the second phase of the study, an in-clinic work plan was created on the morning of the 1st day of the disaster. The teams and working hours in the emergency department, inpatient service, and operating room were determined. Hospital management and other clinics were contacted and hospital facilities were organized for orthopedic trauma victims. The mean age of the patients was 42.3 years. Among the age groups, the smallest group was children under 10 years old (6.4% of all patients). 132 of the patients had at least one fracture in 135 extremities. Most of the injuries involved the lower extrem-ity. 66 patients had crush injury with or without fracture. 181 orthopedic surgical procedures were performed in 144 patients. The most common operations were internal fracture fixation and debridement. The most used implant was the plate-screw combination. Thanks to the in-clinic work plan and the in-hospital assistance and allocation of facilities, we did not experience serious problems in the hospitalization, surgery, and post-operative follow-ups of the patients. Although we received numerous offers of assistance from external institutions, this was not possible due to bureaucratic obstacles. Among our most important problems were the shortage of sterilized powered surgical drills and the lack of a dynamic patient information database. Orthopedic clinics should prepare their in-clinic work plans for earthquake disasters and develop their facilities. In order not to encounter bureaucratic obstacles in emergency assistance, orthopedic clinics in different risk regions should be formally matched beforehand. A patient database table that clinical staff can access and revise using their smartphones facilitates the follow-up of large numbers of simultaneously hospitalized patients.

Introduction of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Korea and Their Role During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focusing on the Ministry of Education Policy.

This study aimed to discuss mental health services for children and adolescents that are being implemented as initiatives of the Korean government and to review the functions and roles of these projects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three government departments are in charge of providing mental health services for children and adolescents: Ministry of Education, Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, and Ministry of Health and Welfare. The Ministry of Education has implemented several policies to facilitate the early detection of mental health issues among school students (from preventive interventions to selective interventions for high-risk students). The Ministry of Gender Equality and Family additionally serves out-of-school children and adolescents by facilitating early identification of adolescents in crises and providing temporary protection or emergency assistance (as required) through the Community Youth Safety-Net Project. Furthermore, the Ministry of Health and Welfare operates relevant mental health agencies for individuals of all ages including children and adolescents. Any high-risk students who have been screened through the projects of the Ministry of Education are supported through referrals to the following institutions for appropriate treatment of their symptoms: specialized hospitals, the Youth Counseling and Welfare Center operated by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, the National Youth Healing Center, the Mental Health Welfare Center operated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Suicide Prevention Center, and the Child Welfare Center. To assist students who are facing any psychological difficulties because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Education has established a psychiatric support group for providing emergency mental health care; furthermore, schools are promoting psychological surveillance (e.g., provision of non-face-to-face counseling services that are centered around the Wee Center). The Ministry of Education, Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, and Ministry of Health and Welfare have provided varied mental health support services in order to address the challenges faced by children and adolescents during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the mental health services operated by each ministry do show some limitations because their service provision system is insufficiently collaborative. The present study discussed the positive effects of each initiative as well as its limitations; furthermore, it suggested improvements for facilitating the healthy development of children and adolescents' mental health.

FATORES ASSOCIADOS A NÃO ADESÃO TERAPÊUTICA EM PESSOAS COM HIPERTENSÃO QUE PROCURARAM ASSISTÊNCIA POR EMERGÊNCIA

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze factors associated with therapeutic non-adherence among individuals with Arterial Hypertension who seek emergency care and/or assistance due to hypertensive complications. Method: this is a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2019 to October 2020 with 238 people living in a medium-sized municipality from southern Brazil using Morisky’s 8-Item Medication Adherence Scale. Multiple Logistic Regression was used in the analysis. Results: a total of 86 (36.1%) participants were considered as non-adherent. A higher change of non-adherence was observed in people younger than 60 years of age (Odds Ratio=2.04), who sought emergency services in the three years under study (Odds Ratio=5.08), and who had a bond with Primary Health Care professionals (Odds Ratio=1.96). Conclusion: acknowledging the factors associated with non-adherence to the therapy will allow professionals to conduct educational interventions and assist people with hypertension according to their needs, thus preventing/postponing complications.

Do Bolsa Família ao Auxílio Brasil: desafios e alcances a partir de uma pesquisa avaliativa baseada na teoria do programa

Abstract: The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led many countries to adopt emergency cash transfer policies as a way to contain the economic and humanitarian crisis. Such initiatives were developed in a context of exacerbated gender, race, ethnicity and class inequalities resulting from physical and social distancing measures. The article analyzes, by means of an exploratory study and the so-called theory-driven evaluation of the program, the theoretical premises of the Brazilian Income Transfer Program (2003), Brazilian Emergency Assistance (2020) and Brazil Assistance (2021) programs, and their corresponding implementation dynamics. As cash transfer programs are given centrality in the contemporary public agenda, the conclusion is that evaluating their limits and advances - as to theoretical conception and mechanisms triggered in each context - contributes to trace evidence about their effectiveness in addressing long-term inequalities and those inequalities that arise in health emergency contexts.

Intelligent Vehicle Black Box System Using IoT

Humans are currently involved in numerous transportation-related accidents on the roads. Numerous accidents and fatalities caused by human error are the result of the rising number of vehicles on Indian roads and a lack of enforcement of traffic laws. They also suffer loss of life and valuable property as a result of those accidents. As a result, accidents involving driver inattention to traffic laws and driver fatigue follow. The field of computer vision is actively researching real-time eye detection and tracking. Face alignment can benefit from eye localization and tracking. The duration of eye closure and percentage of eye closure (PEC) can be used to measure driver fatigue. It is based on a hardware system that uses a camera to capture images of the driver in real time and software to monitor the driver's eye in order to prevent accidents. In the event of an accident, GSM and GPS are utilised to track the location of the automobile, and the local hospital and police are alerted. Thanks to IoT technology, this position may always be found in the cloud platform service. The 24/7 Governance is notified to call for emergency assistance by using the push and panic button.

From the Brazilian Income Transfer Program to Brazil Assistance: challenges and achievements according to a theory-driven evaluation research on the program.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led many countries to adopt emergency cash transfer policies as a way to contain the economic and humanitarian crisis. Such initiatives were developed in a context of exacerbated gender, race, ethnicity and class inequalities resulting from physical and social distancing measures. The article analyzes, by means of an exploratory study and the so-called theory-driven evaluation of the program, the theoretical premises of the Brazilian Income Transfer Program (2003), Brazilian Emergency Assistance (2020) and Brazil Assistance (2021) programs, and their corresponding implementation dynamics. As cash transfer programs are given centrality in the contemporary public agenda, the conclusion is that evaluating their limits and advances - as to theoretical conception and mechanisms triggered in each context - contributes to trace evidence about their effectiveness in addressing long-term inequalities and those inequalities that arise in health emergency contexts.