Assimilation Of Resources Research Articles

Improvement of modern machine technologies for the care of cereal crops

The development of agricultural reclamation is primarily focused on solving the problem of food security by ensuring the sustainable and innovative development of agriculture and the effective assimilation of agricultural soils and natural resources using complex reclamation measures that depend on the introduction of new, resource-saving technologies and technical means of reclamation works. The most energy-intensive process in the entire technological cycle of caring for grain crops is soil processing, on which 50-60% of fuel is spent on average. The most energy-intensive process in the entire technological cycle of caring for grain crops is soil processing, on which 50-60% of fuel is spent on average Raising the care of cereal crops by 30-60% is achieved as a result of the intensification of mechanized work. The use of modern technical means in the restoration and construction of the country's reclamation systems is incredible without knowing their operating indicators, the main characteristics and parameters of the car; Water resources on the territory of Georgia are unevenly distributed: 1.34 million m3/km2 per year for western Georgia and 0.37 million m3/km2 for Eastern Georgia. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange irrigation systems in the eastern and southern regions of the country, and in the west - drainage systems. Therefore, the paper proposes two-rotor channel machines imported into Georgia, which allow the withdrawal of open channels to a depth of up to 1.45 m, which is used mainly for drainage and irrigation. The parameters of the working body of the rotary channel plugs, the determination of engine power and the hatching of the base car are calculated.

Temperature explains intraspecific functional trait variation in Phragmites australis more effectively than soil properties

Common reed (Phragmites australis) is a widespread grass species that exhibits a high degree of intraspecific variation for functional traits along environmental gradients. However, the mechanisms underlying intraspecific variation and adaptation strategies in response to environmental gradients on a regional scale remain poorly understood. In this study, we measured leaf, stem, and root traits of common reed in the lakeshore wetlands of the arid and semi-arid regions of the Inner Mongolia Plateau aiming to reveal the regional-scale variation for functional traits in this species, and the corresponding potentially influencing factors. Additionally, we aimed to reveal the ecological adaptation strategies of common reed in different regions using the plant economics spectrum (PES) theory. The results showed that functional-trait variation followed significant latitudinal and longitudinal patterns. Furthermore, we found that these variations are primarily driven by temperature-mediated climatic differences, such as aridity, induced by geographical distance. In contrast, soil properties and the combined effects of climate and soil had relatively minor effects on such properties. In the case of common reed, the PES theory applies to the functional traits at the organ, as well as at the whole-plant level, and different ecological adaptation strategies across arid and semi-arid regions were confirmed. The extent of utilization and assimilation of resources by this species in arid regions was a conservative one, whereas in semi-arid regions, an acquisition strategy prevailed. This study provides new insights into intraspecific variations for functional traits in common reed on a regional scale, the driving factors involved, and the ecological adaptation strategies used by the species. Moreover, it provided a theoretical foundation for wetland biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration.

Power distribution technique and small-signal modeling of grid-integrated solar PV system with hybrid energy storage systems

A model of a grid-integrated AC/DC microgrid with the assimilation of renewable energy resources and supercapacitors with battery storage-based hybrid energy storage is considered in this paper. The insertion of renewable resources and energy storage devices in the existing power grid requires rigorous analysis of the power balance and system stability. The microgrid is designed to absorb/deliver the defined power from/to the utility grid in a bidirectional manner. To simplify the power control strategy, the total power requirement in the system is divided into slow and fast varying components. So, the grid and battery will share the slowly varying components and the supercapacitor will suppress the fast varying components. This control strategy ensures improved performance by retaining the unity power factor operation of the grid, faster DC link voltage recovery, and harmonic mitigation. Again, a double-loop control structure based on small-signal modeling of the system is presented for stability analysis of the proposed system. MATLAB/Simulink results along with real-time simulation results are provided in this paper for verification of the proposed control technique.

What role public debt plays to moderate the influence of natural resources on financial development? Appraising Resource-Curse Hypothesis in MENA Region

A sound financial structure is one of the imperative macroeconomic goals for developed and developing ones, particularly for resource-abundant countries, which are more vulnerable due to the unexpected shock of COVID-19 and experiencing the financial resource curse (FRC). The literature has extensively discussed the assimilation of natural resources (NR) into a blessing or curse; however, little is known concerning the FRC hypothesis through integrating public debts (PD). Therefore, the present research scrutinizes the FRC in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries by considering the PD, NR, institutional quality (IQ), and financial development (FD) in an integrating framework from 2001 to 2020. The study employs a cross-section augmented distributed lag (CS-ARDL) estimator to address the concerns of cross-section dependency and slope heterogeneity. The long-run empirical findings elucidate that NR significantly reduces FD and affirms the FRC hypothesis, while IQ positive promotes the FD in the MENA region. Another pertinent factor, PD reduces FD significantly, and the moderating impact of PD through NR reveals the inverse association with FD. Additionally, consistent findings are investigated in the short run with a smaller coefficient magnitude, and the cointegrating term converges towards the steady state equilibrium with a 29.4% adjustment rate in any diverging situation. Similar empirical outcomes are echoed from the alternative panel techniques, and panel causality testing indicates the bi-directional causality among all model variables except IQ and FD. Overall results provide valuable policy implications to the MENA region that should empower the IQ levels in mitigating the adverse impacts of FRC.

Transitioning to sustainable energy: opportunities, challenges, and the potential of blockchain technology

The pressing issues of climate change and the limited availability of non-renewable energy resources have created a growing need for sustainable energy alternatives. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the pressing need for sustainable energy solutions and the complex relationship between energy and the economy. The challenges and opportunities presented by the transition to sustainable energy sources are explored, including the need for investment in renewable energy technologies, policy changes to incentivize sustainable energy use, and the potential for job creation in the sustainable energy sector. On the other hand, it is recognized that there are considerable hurdles that need to be addressed, including the substantial initial expenses associated with establishing renewable energy systems, as well as the political and societal barriers to enacting change. The economic benefits of transitioning to sustainable energy, such as improved energy security, reduced dependence on fossil fuels, and the potential for increased economic growth, are evaluated. The complex relationship between energy and the economy is thoroughly analyzed, presenting a valuable contribution to the academic literature on sustainable energy. Furthermore, an inquiry is being made into the potential contribution of blockchain technology in advancing a sustainable energy landscape. This includes its ability to augment the effectiveness and openness of energy markets, as well as its capacity to assist in the assimilation of renewable energy resources. Hence, this research underscores the importance of transitioning to sustainable energy sources for their environmental and economic merits. The findings presented offer valuable insights to inform policy decisions and guide future research endeavors in this field. By promoting the advancement of sustainable energy technologies, this study contributes to the development of a more sustainable global economy.

Garihma (to Care for)

Garihma (to Care for)

Catastrophic dynamics: How to avoid population extinction?

Individual-based model of the dynamics of population with non-overlapping generation with explicitly introduced resources and unequal partitioning of them between competing individuals is analysed. Individual variability in assimilation of resources influences population persistence measured by population extinction time. The case of small individual variability and short extinction time is considered to show how different ecological mechanisms can increase population persistence: winter mortality, various types of summer mortality, metapopulation dynamics and continuous and seasonal resources. Mortality can increase population extinction time, but in the case of individual variability it is important which individuals are subject to mortality. Most effective in increasing population persistence are environmental factors: heterogeneity of environment and seasonality of resource dynamics.

The Role of Cognitive Assimilation of Human Resources in Strategic Performance: Exploratory Research at the Higher Institute for Security and Administrative Development

The main idea of the research is embodied in the researcher's attempt to diagnose the role played by the cognitive assimilation of human resources in enhancing strategic performance through the correlation and influence relationships that combine these two variables, as knowledge is the main engine for all activities and operations carried out by the organization, so it is necessary to pay attention to providing it and achieving assimilation Of them, strategic performance also constitutes the natural reflection of the successes achieved by contemporary organizations. The research problem was represented by asking a major question, which is does the administration within the Higher Institute for Security and Administrative Development realize the importance of employing knowledge absorption in enhancing their strategic performance? The importance of research is also divided into three areas. Theoretical, applied and societal. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the analytical descriptive approach in completing it with its theoretical and applied aspects. The researcher also designed a questionnaire according to a number of ready-made scales, which was distributed to a sample of (108) individuals working at the Higher Institute for Security and Administrative Development, and a set of statistical tools were used in processing the research data, which are available in the ready-made statistical programs (SPSS.V21, AMOSE, EXCEL), and among the most prominent results that came out In the research, there is a significant statistically significant effect of the knowledge accumulation of human resources in the strategic performance. Nevertheless, the researcher recommended the need for the organization in the field of application to look at the experiences of developed countries in the field of investing the results of knowledge absorption of human resources in enhancing its strategic performance and trying to transfer its successes to the Iraqi environment.

Formation of readiness of future teachers to use digital educational resources in the conditions of digitalization of education

       Today, preparing future teachers for the use of digital educational resources is the most pressing issue of Higher Education. They contribute to the effective organization of the educational process in accordance with the requirements of the modern information society, but also become a universal tool for the harmonious adaptation of students to a rapidly changing information society, training the personality of a competent specialist capable of professional self-realization. First of all, digital educational resources are ready-made interactive multimedia products aimed at achieving a didactic goal or solving certain educational tasks. Currently, the effectiveness of their use is not only to generate interest in the information educational environment, but also to ensure the degree of access to information and improve the quality of Education. Using digital educational resources, the authors independently develop the intellectual potential of students and increase the knowledge base.Using them creatively, we tried to find out whether it is possible to present the educational process in an interesting and informative way. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and methodological literature, clarifies the following concepts and offers a definition: "digital educational resources ", " readiness of a future teacher to use digital educational resources". In addition, during the practical experiment, a course program "digital educational resources-a tool for professional self - development" was developed, aimed at forming the assimilation of digital educational resources by future specialists as a tool for professional self-development. The research uses theoretical, Emeric methods, the questionnaire "knowledge of digital educational resources" (in author's processing), N. P. Fetiskin "diagnostics of the implementation of needs for professional self-development", N. R. Molochnikov "assessment of opportunities for self-development". 82 students of Atyrau University took part in the experimental work Keywords: digitalization of education, digital educational resources, computer, multimedia, interactivity, accessibility.

Autotrophs are important contributors to benthic macroinvertebrate food webs in two tropical first‐order forest streams

Abstract In tropical first‐order streams, the availability of basal resources changes according to tropical seasonality, i.e., dry and rainy seasons, with consequences for the food web structure. However, the seasonal variation in autotrophic and detrital pathways remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to establish whether the dominant pathway of the benthic macroinvertebrate food web in two tropical first‐order streams in the Lacandona rainforest, Mexico, relies on autotrophic or detrital food resources. We evaluated the assimilation of autotrophic and detrital food resources through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analysis. We included the biomass of the macroinvertebrates sustained by the autotrophic and detrital pathways and the food web structure—trophic position, size structure, and degree of omnivory. The biomass sustained by the detrital pathway remained similar throughout the year in both streams. In contrast, the biomass sustained by the autotrophic pathway was higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. The benthic macroinvertebrate food web had four levels, a poorly developed size structure, and an important degree of omnivory in both streams and in both seasons. It is likely that omnivory was a response to high resource variability and a strategy to reduce intraguild competition. Autotrophs had a relatively higher importance than detritus since a much lower algae biomass sustained an equal or higher macroinvertebrate biomass, particularly in the dry season when the biomass of autotrophs increased. Seasonality influenced the macroinvertebrate food web by modifying the food resource availability and transference to higher trophic levels. However, the high frequency of omnivory reduced the seasonal changes in the food web structure. Our results suggest that the autotrophic pathway plays an important role in maintaining the benthic macroinvertebrate food web in tropical streams. The relative importance of autotrophs in the macroinvertebrate food web is associated with seasonality, the rainfall pattern, and its effect on the stream hydrology.

Energetic costs of ectoparasite infection in Atlantic salmon

Parasites are widespread in nature, where they affect the energy budget of hosts, and depending on the imposed pathogenic severity, this may reduce host fitness. However, the energetic costs of parasite infections are rarely quantified. In this study, we measured metabolic rates in recently seawater adapted Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) infected with the ectoparasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis and used an aerobic scope framework to assess the potential ecological impact of this parasite-host interaction. The early chalimus stages of L. salmonis did not affect either standard or maximum metabolic rates. However, the later mobile pre-adult stages caused an increase in both standard and maximum metabolic rate yielding a preserved aerobic scope. Notably, standard metabolic rates were elevated by 26%, presumably caused by increased osmoregulatory burdens and costs of mobilizing immune responses. The positive impact on maximum metabolic rates was unexpected and suggests that fish are able to transiently overcompensate energy production to endure the burden of parasites and thus allow for continuation of normal activities. However, infected fish are known to suffer reduced growth, and this suggests that a trade-off exists in acquisition and assimilation of resources despite an uncompromised aerobic scope. As such, when assessing impacts of environmental or biotic factors, we suggest that elevated routine costs may be a stronger predictor of reduced fitness than the available aerobic scope. Furthermore, studying the effects on parasitized fish in an ecophysiological context deserves more attention, especially considering interacting effects of other stressors in the Anthropocene.

THE EVOLUTION OF MYCORISIAN FUNG AS SYMBIOTIC PARTNERS

The article analyzes the evolution of mycorrhizal fungi, which served as symbiotic partners in association with plants, more precisely with their root system. The advantage brought by the existence of mycorrhizal symbioses for plant nutrition, highlighted the influence this association has on plant growth and development. The existence of mycorrhizal fungi was demonstrated approximately 400 million years ago, the first discoveries being the fossils of Aglaophyton major plants that showed traces of arbuscules, these being considered edifying transfer structures for the vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizal type. Mycorrhizae are present in mature ecosystems, ecosystems that present a cyclical and unitary evolution of the components between the biotic and abiotic unit, at which point the mycorrhizal associations have the role of regulating the assimilation of food resources for the plants with which they are associated. In this association, hyphae play an important role in the nutrient cycle, having the function of stopping losses from the ecosystem

Mining Waste Complex Research and Development of Technologies for their Use in Georgia

In 1996, Georgian mining and extractive industry moved to a new stage as a result of the adoption of a new law on subsoil, which prepared grounds for the development of a legislative framework regarding the use of country’s subsoil and created new economic settings for the industry. Mining and extractive industry play a significant role in Georgia’s sustainable economic development. From 1999 through 2020, the output value of the industry (excluding non-renewable energy resources: coal, natural gas and oil products)is estimated at of 5,6 billion Lari (GEL). The majority of deposits of mineral resources in Georgia are mainly small and medium in size. Considering the current rate of their exploitation, within 15-20 years their majority will be exhausted. Over time, the country’s economy will face a serious problem as it will need to import raw materials. It is therefore important to look for feasible technologies for the application of unconventional raw materials, namely secondary raw materials that come with essential mineral resources. This will allow to maintain the potential of mineral resources of the country. The work presents the outcomes of the Mining Institute’s current studies on qualitative, quantitative and assimilative technologies and possibilities of the application of mining waste as secondary natural resources. Research methodology is based on the principles of Green Economy that implies linking mining and extractive industry to circular economy, aiming at rational assimilation of natural resources by applying the 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) approach. Within the frames of the study, technologies were developed for obtaining construction, glass and porcelain raw materials (from spoiled rock layers stored and extracted from operating open pit mines of the Chiatura manganese and Bolnisi ore deposits/queries), along with those for manufacturing products with such materials.

Effects of red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) control on carrion use by vertebrate scavengers

Carrion is an important resource, and competition for carrion by microbial, invertebrate, and vertebrate scavenging communities is great. In particular, carrion is important to facultative and obligate vertebrate scavengers globally, and these species provide an irreplaceable ecological service by efficiently removing carcasses, which potentially harbor pathogens, from the environment. Although vertebrates efficiently acquire carcasses, they compete intensively with invertebrate and microbial communities, especially during warmer months when invertebrate and microbial activity peaks. The presence of invasive invertebrates may further exacerbate competition among scavenging groups; however, little is known about how invasive invertebrates can influence invertebrate scavenger dynamics and ultimately competition with vertebrate scavengers. The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta; RIFA) is an invasive species of particular interest in North America, as it is a dominant predator and decomposer throughout much their range. We hypothesized that in areas where abundant, RIFA can outcompete vertebrates for carrion resources, altering nutrient cycling and food web dynamics. We tested this hypothesis by experimentally excluding RIFA from rabbit carcasses and found strong seasonal effects in our data; however, surprisingly, we found no effect of RIFA control on vertebrate scavenging efficiency, rates of carcass detection, carcass persistence, or the richness of local scavengers. Rather, we observed a highly efficient vertebrate scavenging community that assimilated 87.4% of carcasses during our study. This high rate of vertebrate scavenging efficiency was maintained in both control (93.0%) and RIFA treatment (81.8%) sites, suggesting presence of abundant RIFA populations did not limit vertebrate acquisition of carrion. Future research should focus on the interactions of RIFA with the remaining invertebrate scavenging community to further investigate whether RIFA impact the assimilation of carrion resources within invertebrate communities.

Do natural resources rents and institutional development matter for financial development under quantile regression approach?

The assimilation of natural resources to a “curse” or “blessing” cannot be analysed only from the side of the impact of resource endowments on economic growth as it was advocated by most of the previous studies. This paper aims to examine whether the financial development is dependent on varying effects of natural resource rents, human capital, economic and institutional factors. For this purpose, the study applied the quantile regression estimator for a panel of 10 countries during the period 1984–2016. The results reveal that natural resources rents have negative effects on financial development in countries with better-developed financial systems, while these effects are positive for countries with high natural resource income. Law and order, and human capital act positively on financial development regardless of the level of natural resources income. Our findings showed also that control of corruption has a positive influence on financial market development in countries with a developed financial sector. In the light of our empirical analysis, it also emerges that “the resource curse” hypothesis is rejected for countries with least-developed financial markets whatever their natural resource abundance.

“Omics” Technologies for the Study of Soil Carbon Stabilization: A Review

Evidence-based decisions governing sustainable agricultural land management practices require a mechanistic understanding of soil organic matter (SOM) transformations and stabilization of carbon in soil. Large amounts of carbon from organic fertilizers, root exudates, and crop residues are input into agricultural soils. Microbes then catalyze soil biogeochemical processes including carbon extracellular transformation, mineralization, and assimilation of resources that are later returned to the soil as metabolites and necromass. A systems biology approach for a holistic study of the transformation of carbon inputs into stable SOM requires the use of soil “omics” platforms (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics). Linking the data derived from these various platforms will enhance our knowledge of structure and function of the microbial communities involved in soil carbon cycling and stabilization. In this review, we discuss the application, potential, and suitability of different “omics” approaches (independently and in combination) for elucidating processes involved in the transformation of stable carbon in soil. We highlight biases associated with these approaches including limitations of the methods, experimental design, and soil sampling, as well as those associated with data analysis and interpretation.

Seasonal feeding plasticity can facilitate coexistence of dominant omnivores in Neotropical streams

Coexistence of ecomorphologically similar species in diverse Neotropical ecosystems has been a focus of long-term debate among ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Such coexistence can be promoted by trophic plasticity and seasonal changes in omnivorous feeding. We combined stomach content and stable isotope analyses to determine how seasonal variation in resource availability influences the consumption and assimilation of resources by two syntopic fish species, Psalidodon aff. gymnodontus and P. bifasciatus, in the Lower Iguaçu basin. We also tested the impact of seasonality on trophic niche breadth and diet overlap of these two dominant omnivores. Seasonal changes in resource availability strongly influenced the consumption and assimilation of resources by the two fish species. Both species exhibited high levels of omnivory, characterized by high diversity of allochthonous resources in the wet season. Terrestrial invertebrates were the main component of diet during this season. However, in the dry season, both species reduced their isotopic niches, indicating diet specialization. High diet overlap was observed in both seasons, but the isotopic niche overlap was smaller in the dry season. Substantial reduction in the isotopic niche of P. bifascistus and a shift toward aquatic invertebrates can facilitate coexistence during this season of resource shortage. Feeding plasticity allows omnivorous fish to adjust their trophic niches according to seasonality, promoting the exploitation of different resources during periods of greater resource diversity. This seasonal variation could be an important mechanism that contributes to the resource partitioning and coexistence of dominant omnivores in Neotropical streams.

Response of Fish Trophic Niche to Water Level Regulation of the Three Gorges Reservoir in its Backwater Bay Using a Stable Isotope Approach

To date, our ability to speculate how species interactions will change temporally and spatially in response to WLR still inadequate, especially within large river-reservoir ecosystems. Fish communities in backwater bay of the Xiaojiang River of the TGR (Three Gorges Reservoir) were studied in 2010 and 2016 using a stable isotope approach to explore variations in fish trophic niches associated WLR. We found that fish assemblages tended to have broader trophic diversity spaces in LBAs (large backwater areas) at a water depth of 175 m, suggesting that the assimilation of food resources might come from a greater diversity of habitats or prey items with distinct isotopic signatures. Many among-fish species trophic niches tended to overlap and have broader ranges in LBAs compared to SBAs (small backwater areas) at a water depth of 145 m, which indicated that the processes of impounding at 175 m can provide more similar food resources for different fish species. Our findings highlight that WLR dynamics are typical characteristics of the backwater bay of the Xiaojiang River aquatic ecosystems caused by the operations of the TGR, which has significant ecological effects on the fish trophic structure within this community. Understanding the pattern of changes in fish trophic niche associated with WLR will be meaningful for fishery resources management of the other tributaries in the TGR.

Can a More Variable Species Win Interspecific Competition?

An individual-based approach is used to describe population dynamics. Two kinds of models have been constructed with different distributions illustrating individual variability. In both models, the growth rate of an individual and its final body weight at the end of the growth period, which determines the number of offspring, are functions of the amount of resources assimilated by an individual. In the model with a symmetric distribution, the half saturation constant in the Michaelis–Menten function describing the relationship between the growth of individuals and the amount of resources has a normal distribution. In the model with an asymmetric distribution, resources are not equally partitioned among individuals. The individual who acquired more resources in the past, will acquire more resources in the future. A single population comprising identical individuals has a very short extinction time. If individuals differ in the amount of food assimilated, this time significantly increases irrespectively of the type of model describing population dynamics. Individuals of two populations of competing species use common resources. For larger differences in individual variability, the more variable species will have a longer extinction time and will exclude less variable species. Both populations can also coexist when their variabilities are equal or even when they are slightly different, in the latter case under the condition of high variability of both species. These conclusions have a deterministic nature in the case of the model with the asymmetric distribution—repeated simulations give the same results. In the case of the model with the symmetric distribution, these conclusions are of a statistical nature—if we repeat the simulation many times, then the more variable species will have a longer extinction time more frequently, but some results will happen (although less often) when the less variable species has a longer extinction time. Additionally, in the model with the asymmetric distribution, the result of competition will depend on the way of the introduction of variability into the model. If the higher variability is due to an increase in the proportion of individuals with a low assimilation of resources, it can produce a longer extinction time of the less variable species.

Transcriptome responses of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi driven by nitrogen deficiency

The availability of ambient N nutrient is often correlated with the occurrences of harmful algal bloom formed by certain dinoflagellates, making it important to understand how these species might be responding to such conditions. Here, transcriptome sequencing of Karenia mikimotoi was conducted to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms by which this dinoflagellate copes with nitrogen (N) deficiency. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 8802 unigenes (3.56%) that were differentially expressed with ≥ 2-fold change. Under N-depleted conditions, genes involved in glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as well as lipid accumulation were significantly upregulated. The elevated expression of enzymes used in protein degradation and turnover suggests possible metabolic reconfiguration towards accelerated N recycling. Moreover, a significant increase in urea transporter was observed, indicating increased assimilation of organic nitrogen resources as an alternative in N-depleted cultures of K. mikimotoi. The down-regulated glutamate synthase genes were also identified under N deficiency, suggesting suppression of primary amino acid synthesis to save N resource. Taken together, results of this study show enhanced multiple N resource acquisition and reuse of multiple N resources constitute a comprehensive strategy to cope with N deficiency in a dinoflagellate.