Value Of Assets Research Articles

The collateral link between volatility and risk sharing

We show that the effect of aggregate volatility on idiosyncratic risk sharing depends on the nature of collateral sustaining insurance. While volatility increases the value of public assets—more useful for consumption smoothing—it decreases the value of private assets—more exposed to aggregate variation. Hence, a more volatile economy weakens risk sharing when collateral composition is biased towards private assets. When applied to financial intermediaries that rely heavily on private collateral to share risks, aggregate instability is more likely to induce financial instability. We empirically show that the sensitivity of risk sharing to aggregate volatility indeed depends on the collateral composition as predicted by the theory.

A Proposed Model to Measure the Impairment Value of Fixed Assets with the Need for Tax Recognition

International accounting standards require, in particular the impairment of (36) asset value standard No (31), re- evaluation of assets to display the value of fair value as the replacement value at the end of the period or fiscal year of the disclosure of assets, real value, the represent philosophy of accounting to relevant of different models to call the fair values, especially in case of using methodology - based pricing capital asset model. The researcher presented a model for measuring the impairment of the book value of assets form, which contributes to the measurement of accuracy of the fixed measurement of accounting income and taxable income help guide the preparation of financial statements in the presentation of fixed assets as fast as they converge with the fact that revenue and economic benefits of the asset in the financial period is ending. Because the accounting incases always different on taxable income for the application of the income tax act, although the act, to impose tax in net profit, which present the income statement prepared in accordance with the Egyptian accounting standards, but on grounds of maintaining the public revenues of ministerial decisions were issued contrary to that application and became the standard (31) can’t be applied when determining the tax base. Which led to a loss in its submission for income tax, which is a clear challenge, there is no application of some financial standards, which is what the researcher tried to show. He presented it to determine the tax impact of not applying the standard.

Analisis Penerimaan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Ditinjau Dari Kontribusi PAD, Elastisitas PAD dan Kinerja Pajak Daerah Pada Pemerintah Kota Sibolga

This study aims to analyze the contribution of local revenue, the elasticity of local revenue and the performance of local taxes in the Sibolga City government. Local Own Revenue is the right of the local government which is recognized as an increase in the value of net assets obtained from local taxes, local levies, the results of the management of separated local assets and other legitimate local revenue. This research was tested on the sibolga city local government in 2018-2022. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive and quantitative analysis. The results of the analysis show that the contribution of local revenue tends to be unfavorable, the elasticity of local revenue tends to be elastic to gross regional domestic product and the performance of local taxes tends to be very effective.

Analisis Financial Distress dengan Menggunakan Analisis Survival

Financial Distress refers to a situation in which the financial condition of a company is poor, indicated by insufficient capital and difficulties in meeting financial obligations throughout the maturity of its payments. The underlying causes include low asset value, high corporate debt, and poor corporate performance. Hence, the company must take measures to maintain the financial condition of the company from experiencing financial difficulties. The objective of this study is to clearly understand the influence of liquidity, leverage, profitability, and firm size on financial distress in Sub-Sector Pakaian & Barang Mewah companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2022. The data used is secondary data obtained from the annual financial reports of the company. The sample used is obtained via the technique of purposive sampling. Survival analysis is a method used. The hypotheses in this data analysis were tested using SPSS 23. Data analysis shows that Liquidity, Leverage, Profitability, and Company Size simultaneously have a significant impact as the independent variables contribute additional effects to the model, resulting in a good fit for the model. It is known that Leverage and Company Size have a significant influence on Financial Distress when considered individually. Liquidity and Profitability do not have a significant impact on Financial Distress

FINANCIAL MARKET’S ROLE IN DETERMINING THE VALUE OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS INTANGIBLE ASSETS

As humanity moves into the era of digital technologies and the knowledge economy, the importance of intangible assets in the global economy and international business has been increasingly recognised. Amid the forced virtual communication resulting from the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the social conflicts and cyber-attacks associated with Russia's hybrid war in Ukraine, the value of intangible assets such as reputation, investor and customer loyalty, consumer data, branding, intellectual expertise and copyrights has taken on new importance and relevance. The purpose of the research is to improve the conceptual and methodological foundations for determining the nature and value of intangible assets of leading international companies, in particular, their undisclosed components, based on the use of financial market data. Research methodology. The study is based on systems analysis, analysis and synthesis, statistical and graphical methods. These methods were used primarily to identify the structure of the intangible assets of leading international companies, highlighting the interrelationships between the formation of the gap between the external (financial market) and internal (balance sheet) value of companies' shares and the value of their intangible assets. The publication supports the assumption that the identified gap between the market capitalisation and shareholder's equity of an individual company represents the undisclosed part of intangible assets that is not available in the company's official statements. This gap includes such components as reputation, trust and loyalty of customers and investors, brand strength, etc. Given the dynamic development of the international business sphere, the critical importance of flexibility, speed of decision-making, and the need for investors to obtain the most up-to-date information about the company's potential, including the value of its intangible assets, the proposed approach can serve as an effective decision-making tool and an alternative means of determining the real value of a company's intangible assets.

Valuation of Intangible Assets: The Value of Voluntary Certifications

Valuation of Intangible Assets: The Value of Voluntary Certifications

The labor of assetization: producing ‘hypergrowth’ inside a tech startup

Abstract Venture capitalists maximize profits not by ‘squeezing’ efficiencies out of established companies, but instead by promoting ceaseless experimentation aimed at helping startups achieve ‘hypergrowth’. To date, there is limited empirical evidence of both how startups achieve hypergrowth, and the impact of these practices on organizations and workers. This article draws on 19 months of participant-observation research inside a venture-backed startup I call AllDone to trace the links between the institution of venture capital and the organization of work. Although AllDone executives engaged in cost-cutting strategies common to other financialized firms, they also developed distinctive corporate strategies and organizational structures. Each of the company’s three work teams was organized to perform interdependent functions in support of venture capital’s imperative for rapid and exponential asset value inflation. I conclude with a discussion of the article’s implications for research on venture capital, startup work, and the relationship between financialization and work more broadly.

GENESIS OF THE CONCEPT OF «GOODWILL»

Goal. The problem of defining the essence of goodwill lies in its complex and multifaceted nature. Goodwill formation occurs constantly, but as a fully-fledged accounting object, disclosed in consolidated financial statements, it arises during business combinations. Various stakeholders have subjective perceptions of goodwill, complicating its definition, evaluation, and accounting. The relevance and purpose of the research lie in the necessity of formulating a comprehensive approach to understanding the essence of goodwill, considering its etymology, analysis of domestic and foreign contemporary and historical sources, existing approaches to interpretation, and highlighting key categories. Method. The research utilized methods of systemic analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, analogy, and generalization. Results. The global economy witnesses an increase in the value of intangible assets and goodwill. The change in the dominance of approaches to understanding the essence of goodwill, analysis, and systematization of existing sources allowed identifying that for the current stage of development of this concept, the recognition of its complexity and diversity is characteristic. This necessitates the identification of key components of goodwill, analyzing their role in business value management, brand value enhancement, and capital accumulation. The main focus is on using goodwill to measure consumer trust, shape the company's reputation, and assess its performance. The proposed comprehensive definition of goodwill as a special intangible asset that reflects the added value of the business, potential for future income generation, shaped by the interaction of components such as reputation, brand, recognition, image, corporate style, customer loyalty, corporate culture, technological advantages, customer base, trade secrets, know-how, research, development, innovation, patents, licenses, copyrights, government grants, partnerships, competencies, managerial qualities, social and environmental responsibility, collectively providing business with competitive advantages, investment attractiveness, and contributing to its successful operation. The proposed definition will most fully account for the key components of goodwill expression and generation, helping to comprehensively understand its essence and positively impact the market capitalization of the business. Practical significance. Correct understanding of goodwill is important for accurate assessment, completeness of disclosure in consolidated financial statements, and for effective management and justification of investor decisions.

Illicit enrichment in Germany: An evaluation of the reformed asset recovery regime's ability to confiscate proceeds of crime

This study examines the effectiveness of Germany's reformed asset recovery regime, which was implemented in 2017, in terms of its ability to confiscate proceeds of crime and whether it qualifies as illicit enrichment legislation. The research utilizes Dornbierer's (2021) definition of illicit enrichment to evaluate the reformed asset recovery law and analyses trends in asset recovery by reviewing data on assets seized and confiscated since 2017. Additionally, the study compares the reformed asset recovery regime to its predecessor to determine whether weaknesses that reduced the effectiveness of the previous framework to confiscate PoC have been addressed, while also evaluating the reformed regime for any potential weaknesses that may hinder its ability to confiscate proceeds of crime. The study concludes that while the reformed regime introduces some elements of illicit enrichment, it does not satisfy the criteria for illicit enrichment legislation. Nonetheless, the reformed regime is more effective in confiscating proceeds of crime, as evidenced by the high value of assets seized since the reform was implemented. Additionally, most of the weaknesses that existed in the previous system have been resolved. However, the research highlights the remaining challenges regarding the confiscation of proceeds implicated in ML, fraud, and corruption, as well as profits from non-criminal offenses. Future studies could explore whether the increased confiscation of assets leads to a decrease in profit-driven crime.

Portfolio Evaluation of Selected Large cap & Midcap Mutual Fund Schemes

"Wealth, place & power are no measure of sources. The only true measure is the ratio between what we might have been & what we have become". In this regard people should upgrade their knowledge & keep in pace with changing technology & market condition to reach their desired goal. As new opportunities are opening up in every field all over the world. The desired goal can achieve only when both theory and practical go together hand in hand. This article is such an attempt to understand or link the theoretical concept with that of practical applicability. It provides an in-depth analysis of Mutual Funds Schemes, encompassing their benefits, various facts crucial to understand and associated risks. Furthermore, the theoretical background of mutual funds, including the types of funds available, their advantages, and potential risks have been dealt with. The study majorly focuses on evaluating the performance of specific mutual fund schemes in the large-cap and mid- cap categories. By analyzing various portfolio evaluation models, including Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen's alpha, as well as other metrics such as Standard Deviation, Beta, and Portfolio Return, the research aims to identify top- performing funds. The study utilizes correlation analysis and the ARIMA model to forecast the Net Asset Value (NAV) of the highest-ranked funds, providing insights into risk and return profiles, and assisting advisors in recommending suitable investment choices to investors. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of professional management and diversification in investment, particularly within the dynamic and unpredictable stock market environment. Keywords: Risk, Return, Beta, Standard Deviation (SD), Net Asset Value (NAV) & Assets under Management (AUM), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)

Использование цифровых технологий в сфере капитального строительства и правовые вопросы

The article discusses topical issues of the introduction and use of digital technologies in the field of capital construction. It is shown that there is an objective need for capital construction participants to use digital technologies in their activities; secondly, the need for widespread use of digital technologies also forms the economic value of digital assets and digital rights. The rapid development of high technologies has inevitably led to the need for regulatory regulation of the digital economy, the transfer of the fund of regulatory and technical documentation in the field of capital construction to a digital format. The use of digital technologies, in particular smart contracts and blockchain technologies, will allow to develop and simplify the interaction of participants in the field of capital construction.

Capital is not a factor of production but organizes the allocation and distribution of resources in capitalism

AbstractEconomists usually define capital as a factor of production—roughly speaking, as physical equipment. This paper demonstrates the limits of this common approach and develops a meaningful alternative. In actual business life, capital refers to the monetary value of business assets, regardless of what the assets consist of, and as such, it is an important aspect of economic calculations that helps to guide entrepreneurial activities. In this sense, capital is pervasive in capitalist societies. Virtually all goods and services are produced by profit-oriented enterprises. Natural resources, intermediate goods, and finished products all appear on the balance sheets of enterprises and are consequently part of business capital. Likewise, the majority of people are employees of enterprises. They receive their pay because the employing firms consider this to be a profitable investment of their capital. Despite its extreme practical importance, this business notion of capital is ignored by nearly the entire economics profession. The paper shows how economists could profit from adopting the business notion of capital, irrespective of their ideological backgrounds.

KẾT LUẬN ĐỊNH GIÁ TÀI SẢN TRONG LUẬT TỐ TỤNG HÌNH SỰ VIỆT NAM VÀ MỘT SỐ KIẾN NGHỊ HOÀN THIỆN

The 2015 Criminal Procedure Code introduced asset valuation conclusions as a new type of evidence, crucial in resolving criminal cases. This article examines the criminal procedure stipulations and identifies current legal shortcomings concerning asset valuation conclusions, including their types, content, format, and the rights of participants regarding these conclusions. From this analysis, the authors propose recommendations to enhance the Vietnamese criminal procedure law, particularly in reforming evidence sources like asset valuation conclusions.

ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS BASED ON PSAK NO. 69 AT LATONANG FARM PAREPARE CITY

This research aims to determine the accounting treatment of biological assets based on PSAK No. 69 at Latonang Farm and to determine the accounting treatment of biological assets at Latonang Farm from a sharia perspective as well as the implications of implementing PSAK No. 69 to the financial statements of Latonang Farm's biological assets. This was done to analyze the suitability of the accounting treatment for Latonang Farm's biological assets with PSAK No. 69. This research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach and field research. The data collection and data processing techniques use observation, interview and documentation methods. The validity test of the data used in this research is the credibility test. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the accounting treatment of biological assets is based on PSAK No. 69 at Latonang Farm is generally in line with the provisions of PSAK No. 69. However, there are differences regarding the measurement of fair value. Latonang Farm does not revaluate the value of biological assets, but instead uses the acquisition price with adjustments at the end of each period. This approach was chosen because of the difficulty of measuring the value of biological assets precisely. This action is permitted in accordance with the provisions of PSAK No. 69 paragraph 30. Apart from that, the accounting treatment of biological assets at Latonang Farm is also in accordance with the sharia perspective, where the principles of honesty, trust and benefit are applied.

PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO (CR), DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO (DER), DAN RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA SUB SEKTOR KOSMETIK DAN KEPERLUAN RUMAH TANGGA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI

Examining the impact of the Current Ratio is the goal of this associational investigation. This analysis makes use of secondary data derived from the financial records of the Cosmetics and Utilities Company Sub-Sector. A company's equity, debt, total assets, net profit, and current and non-current assets are all detailed in its financial statements. From 2018 to 2022, we surveyed residences using a purposive sampling strategy. Multiple linear regression, t-test, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, and classical assumptions were among the analytical procedures used to investigate the connection between X1 and SPSS v.26. The results show that X1 and X2 do not affect the value of the business as they are both more than 0.05. Rent On Asset (X3) values below 0.05 however have an effect on the value of the company

Measuring ESG risk premia with contingent claims

We propose a contingent claims approach for estimating ESG risk premia from market information and market participants' decisions. To this end, we infer the asset value dynamics via the structural model of Merton [1974, “On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure of Interest Rates.” Journal of Finance 29: 449–470.] for a large panel of S&P 500 firms using an estimation algorithm that utilizes the information embedded in stock market prices, CDS spreads, and default probabilities. We find a statistically significant relationship between the ESG score and the volatility and drift terms of the asset value process, suggesting that ESG factors are structurally connected to the value of the firm. We establish a mapping between ESG scores and the cost of equity and debt as implied by firm's contingent claims, and derive estimates of the ESG risk premium across different ESG and leverage profiles. In addition, we break down the ESG risk premia by industry, and demonstrate how practitioners can adjust the weighed average cost of capital of ESG laggard firms for valuation and decision making purposes.

Capital Destruction—What is the Cost of Carbon-Neutrality in Shipping Competition?

Abstract The shipping sector must reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Consumers demand green travel and transport services, but shipping is still to a large extent powered by fossil fuels. One of the key factors affecting the released emissions onboard the ship is the type of fuel utilized. Technological development is making new kinds of engines running with carbon-neutral fuels available. However, the new build and retrofit projects encountering the green transition have to be planned in detail. We analyze future cash flows of ropax ships operating with different types of fuel systems on an identical route. We base our findings on calculated asset values and internal rates of return. Based on our analysis of the given scenarios, the transition to carbon-neutral fuels comes with a cost for the shipping companies. In the forthcoming shipping competition, ships using fossil fuels will be more likely than their less polluting counterparts to be categorized as stranded assets.

Impact of the Fed's Rate Hike Policy on the Prices of Commodities and Real Estate

The United States has experienced a long period of stubborn inflation since 2022, so the Federal Reserve began to raise interest rates in March 2022, which will cause asset price volatility and valuation changes. The purpose of this study is to explore the changes of some commodity and real estate prices under this background, and to put forward reasonable valuation forecast suggestions. This research mainly analyzes the price changes of crude oil, corn, and real estate under the background of the Fed's interest rate hike and analyzes the changes of asset prices by constructing the structure vector autoregressive (SVAR) model and the grid connectivity model. According to the analysis, the results show that the Fed can influence real asset prices through its monetary policy, and other factors inevitably interfere. The empirical data from March 2022 to March 2024 also show that with the Fed's multiple interest rate hikes, asset prices are affected by different degrees of decline.

THE ADOPTION OF ISLAMIC FINANCE BY CAMEROONIAN SME ENTREPRENEURS: ARE THERE GENDER DISPARITIES?

The recent surge in the global asset value of Islamic finance has pushed Cameroonian policymakers to consider this mode of finance as an important element of the national financial inclusion strategy. This study examines the factors that influence the adoption of Islamic finance by SME entrepreneurs on the one hand and gender differences in adoption on the other hand in Cameroon, a non-Muslim-dominated African country. Based on a sample of 1,358 SME entrepreneurs, a simple logistic model is adopted to analyze the determinants of the decision to adopt Islamic finance while the Fairlie decomposition is afterward employed to test for gender disparities vis-a-vis the adoption of this mode of finance. Results of the logistic regression show that the need to abide by the Sharia law, awareness, attitude, intention, location, and gender positively and significantly affect the decision to patronize the Islamic mode of financing by Cameroonian SME entrepreneurs while subjective norms and age exert negative effects. The results of the Fairlie decomposition show that there exists a mean difference of 8% to the disadvantage of female entrepreneurs concerning the adoption of Islamic finance and that this gap is widened by religious motivation, awareness, intention, and location. Policymakers are encouraged to enhance the level of Islamic finance awareness of SME entrepreneurs, and the sharia compliance of Islamic finance institutions by obliging them to operate under the guidance of qualified sharia boards. These policies should be supported by the implementation of accompanying measures, such as the eradication of societal norms that restrict women's ability to use Islamic finance services.

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Company Valuation: A Case of Microsoft

The digital economy is now the driving force behind global economic expansion. In 2014, Microsoft underwent a digital transformation, and its valuation soared. This essay aims to investigate how the digital revolution affects business valuation. This paper applies research in asset valuation, investment and financing strategies, and risk management to qualitatively analyze Microsoft through the SWOT analysis method. Advanced technology and corporate innovation can raise valuation expectations, while technological risks and business homogenization can impact market competition and lower company valuation. Microsoft's advancement in digitalization can not only improve the company's competitiveness, but also enhance its value and promote high-quality development. As a result, firms need to effectively manage technology risks and data security issues, control costs, or improve service quality to remain competitive in the marketplace and increase the firm's valuation, thereby maintaining its market position and overall value. In this and other contexts, factors affecting valuation are subsequently discussed.