Value Of Assets Research Articles

Risk Assessment of Banks under Fed Rate Hikes

The global economy was hit after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic stagnation and high volatility in commodity prices also had a negative impact on global supply chains. The Federal Reserve, in an effort to prevent a repeat of the 2008 financial crisis, slow down inflation, increase the liquidity of money, prevent asset value bubbles, and further revive and stabilize the economy, adopted a policy of raising interest rates, gradually increasing the federal funds rate to between 5.25 and 5.5 per cent over a two-year period. This change, however, also led to many changes in the banking sector. Commercial banks are trying to find ways to avoid risks while maintaining their returns in the face of financial market changes. This paper analyzes the systemic risk of commercial banks through liquidity risk, credit risk and market risk with the cases of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and Credit Suisse Bank. Through the analysis, this paper finds that commercial banks suffer from systemic risk, often reflecting their own operational problems, which ultimately led to bankruptcy or acquisition of the end.

Crime Rate Prediction using Python

It has never been easy to invest in a set of assets, the abnormality of the financial market does not allow simple models to predict future asset values with higher accuracy. Machine learning, which consists of making computers perform tasks that normally require human intelligence is currently the dominant trend in scientific research. This article aims to build a model using Machine learning Model. The main objective of this paper is to see in which precision a Machine learning algorithm can predict. Predicting crime prediction rate is a complex task that traditionally involves extensive human-computer interaction.. The network is trained and evaluated for accuracy with various sizes of data, and the results are tabulated. This project is to predict crime to make more acquainted and precise crime in the area

Reduced interest option pricing for green bonds

PurposeThis paper originally proposed the fuzzy option pricing method for green bonds. Based on the requirements of arbitrage equilibrium, this paper draws on Merton's corporate bond option pricing model.Design/methodology/approachDescribing the asset value behavior of green bond issuing enterprises through diffusion-jump processes to reflect the uncertainty brought by carbon emission reduction policies and technologies, using approximation methods to get the analytical pricing formula and then, using a fuzzification technique of Choquet expectation under λ-additive fuzzy measures after considering fuzzy factors, the paper provides fuzzy intervals for the parity coupon rates of green bonds with different subjective levels for investors.FindingsThe paper proposes and argues the classical and fuzzy option pricing methods in turn for both corporate ordinary bonds and green bonds, considering carbon risk or climate risk. It implements the scenario analysis varying with industry emission standards and discusses the sensitiveness of the related key parameters of the option.Practical implicationsThe fuzzy option pricing for the green bonds provides the scope of the variable equilibrium values, operational theoretical supports and some policy implications of carbon reduction and promoting green funding.Originality/valueThe logic of introducing the fuzziness of the option pricing for the green bonds lies with considering the existence of fuzzy information about the project supported by the green bond and the subjectivity of investors and it also responds to changes in technological uncertainty and policy uncertainty in the process of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.”

Theoretical and Modeling Research on The Valuation of Data Assets

The era of big data has greatly accelerated the process of capitalization of data elements, and enterprises can fully release their intrinsic value and gain a foothold in the increasingly fierce market competition in the future only if they develop and utilize their data assets in a scientific and efficient manner. However, academic research on data assets is relatively small, and a unified and comprehensive theoretical framework has not yet been formed. How to objectively and accurately disclose the status of enterprise data assets and maximize the role of data assets in enterprise production and social development is a problem that enterprises need to solve urgently. Therefore, this paper further defines the concepts and characteristics of data and data assets on the basis of previous research, applies the traditional market method, income method, cost method, and innovatively borrows Chen model and artificial neural network model to measure the value of data assets, summarizes the challenges of data asset management, analyzes the problems of data assets in the process of applying them, and proposes appropriate It summarizes the challenges of data asset management, analyzes the problems of data assets in the process of application and proposes corresponding solutions, trying to provide a little reference for the practical handling of enterprise data assets in the era of digital economy as well as the theory and method of national economic accounting.

Tourism-related economic loss and damage from the North Island weather events on New Zealand conservation land and waters

Extreme weather events are causing increasing levels of loss and damage, including to natural assets and associated nature-based tourism economies. This article provides estimates of the economic impacts on public conservation lands and waters in New Zealand's North Island from the flooding events of Cyclone Hale and Cyclone Gabrielle in early 2023. Losses and damage are estimated in four buckets: regional tourism GDP losses from cancelled visitor bookings at Department of Conservation accommodation facilities; lost business revenue of companies operating in protected areas; lost value of government-managed visitor assets; and regional tourism GDP losses from estimated reductions in visitor numbers at three iconic protected area sites. The research also attributes a proportion of these losses to climate change, assisting learning and future planning for New Zealand's conservation agency.

RELATIONSHIP OF THE SCALE OF INVESTMENT AND CHANGE IN FIXED ASSETS ON FARMS IN THE WIELKOPOLSKA PROVINCE

The operation and development of any economic entity require the implementation of investments. In the case of farms in Poland, characterized by inadequate capital and structural problems, it is particularly necessary to undertake investment activities to modernize the farms. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate agricultural investments made on farms in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship. The analysis is based on unpublished data of the individual results registered in the Polish FADN for the farms which continuously participated in the system of agricultural accounting from 2009 to 2021. Measuring the scale of investments, the comprehensiveness of the implemented investments was determined by relating the sum of investment expenditures to the average annual size of fixed assets (reduced by the value of land). The results confirm that the initial level of farm resources strongly impact the capacity for development. The size of the farm, measured by the area of utilised agriculture area, determines the incurring of an appropriate and relatively stable amount of investment in subsequent years of operation. The results of the study indicate that not only the implementation of investments in general but also their scale (in relation to the value of assets) determines the development capabilities of farms and, therefore, the improvement of the farms’ resources.

Deleveraging, Debt Default Risk, and Enterprise Innovation: Evidence from China

This study, at the micro level, takes the Chinese central government's implementation of the "deleveraging" policy as a quasi natural experiment. Based on data from listed companies from 2013 to 2017, this study introduces the Metron default distance that balances financial indicators and asset value fluctuations to measure default risk. Therefore, the DID method is used to test the innovation situation of enterprises with high default risk under the "deleveraging" policy. Research has found that companies with significant default risks under policy shocks have significantly improved their innovation levels and increased their innovation achievements. Furthermore, this research studies the mechanism of the "deleveraging" policy on enterprise innovation from three perspectives: enterprise financing, investment, and business management. The implementation of the "deleveraging" policy will enhance the cash holdings and management governance level of enterprises with high default risk, thereby promoting enterprise innovation.

Evaluating shareholder wealth creation in JSE-listed investment holding companies

Background: The value and performance of underlying investments are the primary driver of value created by investment holding companies. In theory, the intrinsic net asset value of these companies should reflect the fair value of their ownership stakes in the underlying investments; however, most investment holding companies trade at a discount to the reported measure of intrinsic value per share.Aim: The aim of this study is to determine if corporate actions have reduced discounts to intrinsic net asset value among a sample of Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE)-listed holding companies.Setting: The study focused on a sample of JSE-listed investment holding companies.Method: The study was quantitative in nature, and an event study using multiple estimation models was used to determine the share price reaction to the corporate actions.Results: The results confirm the widening of a discount and indicate that corporate actions demonstrate no significant effect in reducing the discount to net asset value.Conclusion: The corporate actions in this study were not effective as a method to address discounts for holding companies. The persistent and widening discount reflects market perceptions. Demonstration of management’s ability to allocate capital and provide returns above the cost of capital is suggested as the only way to narrow the discount.Contribution: This study contributes to the existing JSE event study literature by focusing on investment holding companies and highlighting that the market perception of investment holding companies is reflected in the widening discount to intrinsic net asset value.

Risk-Return Analysis of Select Tax Saving Mutual Funds

The Indian stock market has been in existence since 1875 bestowing lesser range of instruments from companies to invest their money through general public. Since then, the awareness of investment has gained momentum amongst the general public and investors have become curious and intuitive to park their funds in some instrument to attain or gain profit or handsome returns from companies and the market. With the advent of Unit Trust of India (UTI) being formed during 1964 by a special legislature to function under the regulatory and administrative control of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) , it brought an innovative financial thought to the mechanism of investment by investors. Mutual Fund industry boosted the investors’ confidence that upheld capital appreciation, protection, tax burden and promoted financial stability. The researcher attempted to analyse the risk and returns of select tax savings scheme of mutual funds and point out the best tax saving mutual fund amidst the 11 selected funds using parameters like standard deviation, beta, sharpe ratio and treynor ratios for a period of 90 months from 2016 to 2023 taking Net Asset Values published by AMFI and the closing values of Bombay Stock Exchange Standard & Poor (BSE S & P) Sensex and also by using MS Excel for computing all the parameters manually rather than the already published data by many other sources. It was examined that Quant Tax Direct Plan (Growth Option) has good indicators to prove its performance. The research findings can aide investors’ decision with numerous benefits ranging from savings, returns, gains and risk management.

An empirical investigation on the use of building handover information and its quality requirements for commercial building management

Purpose Global building failures, such as the Grenfell Tower fire in London, UK, emphasised the need for trustworthy building handover information for safety. However, a notable gap remains in understanding how reliable handover information can ensure the safety of occupants. This study aims to investigate the use and essential quality of handover information to understand the effects of the quality of information on the management of commercial buildings. Design/methodology/approach Ninety-four participants from nine organisations who regularly use handover information to manage multiple commercial buildings participated in the semi-structured interviews. Qualitative thematic coding using interview transcripts was performed to identify the utilisation of handover information and its quality requirements. Findings This study reveals that as-built drawings and product information are predominately used to fulfil statutory obligations, comply with the organisation’s internal policies, evaluate asset valuation and make informed decisions about capital investment and operating expenses. The quality dimensions of “accuracy”, “timeliness”, and “completeness” are preferred in combination to achieve desired outcomes. Research limitations/implications This study focused on using handover information in the management of commercial buildings. However, its results can offer valuable perspectives for improving its application across various sectors in the built environment. Practical implications The findings affirm the need for quality handover information for safety, compliance and efficient management in commercial buildings. Originality/value This research significantly contributes to the current knowledge of handover information in the building sector. Given the study findings, building owners are equipped to define specific handover information requirements and quality requisites.

Estate Planning in the Digital Age: RUFADAA as a Lesson to be Learnt to Improve the Syrian Personal Status Law

For any country to effectively regulate new technology and keep up with technological advancements, serious legal measures must be taken to ensure that the law is up-to-date. Today's world is increasingly digitalized, with almost all actions taking place in the virtual world. Since then, our data has become digital and can be stored on multiple devices or networks. As a result of this digital transformation, the issue of digital inheritance emerged, which determines what happens to digital assets after a person dies. In Syria, as in many countries worldwide, the years of war and economic issues have driven the attention of legislators away from technological advancement, leaving a variety of legal gaps. Regarding digital inheritance, no specific law or even research has addressed the legal issues arising from digital inheritance and estate planning, adding an additional layer of ambiguity that requires in-depth legal analysis. Thus, this study will examine the viability of the Syrian inheritance law to address the legal issues raised by digital assets after death. The study follows doctrinal legal research, critically analysing legal provisions to improve the current state of the law. The result showed the absence of any clarification on the concept or legal approach to digital assets after death, limiting their provisions to tangible assets while ignoring the role and value of digital assets. Various suggestions have been proposed to fill in this legal gap. These measures must be taken to ensure that the law is up-to-date with the latest developments in technology.

Analysis of the Legal Consequences of Delays in Taking Over Shares Regarding KPPU Decision Number 05/KPPU-M/2022

The KPPU's decision in the case of alleged delay in the acquisition of shares of PT Lestari Gemilang Intisawit in PT Nabati Agro Subur (number: 05/KPPU-M/2022) emphasizes the importance of notifying shareholders regarding the takeover of shares in accordance with Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning Monopoly Practices and Business Competition Against the Law. Good. After reviewing the decision, it was decided that PT Gemilang Lestari Intisawit had an obligation to notify the KPPU regarding the takeover as a subsidiary. However, even though this transaction increases the asset value and sales value of the parent company, there is a disparity between activities that are detrimental to other business actors and the fine imposed is only 1 billion rupiah. This shows the need for further evaluation of this decision to ensure fairness in law enforcement regarding fair business competition and protecting market interests

Evaluating the Impact of Inflation and Exchange Rates on the Net Active Value (NAV) of Conventional Mutual Funds in Indonesia

The growing development in the financial industry and the current high inflation rate are a great worry for investment prospects, especially mutual funds. Conventional mutual funds in Indonesia have experienced significant growth in the capital market. In the last 10 years, the number of domestic mutual funds has continued to increase. One measure of investment performance in mutual funds is proxied by the Net Asset Value (NAV) of mutual funds. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of macroeconomics variables on the NAV of conventional mutual funds in Indonesia. In this study, using commercial bank data in Indonesia, we estimate an empirical model of the effect of inflation and exchange rates on the NAV of conventional mutual funds in Indonesia during the period 2012–2022. We employ a time series model using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The main findings show that while inflation has no effect on the NAV of conventional mutual funds, the exchange rate has a significant effect on it because there are many instruments in conventional mutual funds that have invested abroad due to changes in exchange rates that appear with dominant results that do not affect the growth of the NAV of conventional mutual funds. Keywords: macroeconomics, net active value (NAV), mutual funds

Tax Amortization Benefits and Intangible Asset Valuation

Tax Amortization Benefits and Intangible Asset Valuation

Shareholder Protection in Saudi Companies Law: Assessing Merger and Acquisition Efficacy for Unlisted Joint Stock Companies

This paper explores the legal protections afforded to shareholders of unlisted joint stock companies in Saudi Arabia during merger and acquisition activities. There are significant risks associated with using tools like mergers and acquisitions, including market share loss and decreased profitability for shareholders. Thus, this study aims to analyse the Saudi Companies Law for potential gaps that may affect shareholder legal protections. The researchers primarily use a doctrinal legal methodology to assess the legal framework. This approach provides that the study is based on an examination of the legal framework of Saudi Arabia such as statutes, rules, principles, and cases . It will also apply the analytical approach to evaluate the legal framework's fundamentals, conceptual problems, and practical effects, to make sure that the study finds opportunities for improvement. The Article identifies the differences between unlisted and listed companies concerning document disclosure requirements, lack of the method used for asset valuation, lack of forward-looking information disclosure, the absence of obligatory independent financial reports and unclear definitions of shareholder rights to oppose or exit mergers and acquisitions at fair value. The study found that these areas represent potential gaps that could undermine shareholders of unlisted joint stock, improvements to the law, such as the adoption of independent valuation standards, mandatory financial disclosures, and clearer expression of shareholder rights.

NAV Ratios and REIT Takeovers: The Role of Public and Private Deal Premiums

We investigate how net asset values (NAVs) impact equity real estate investment trusts (REITs) in the market for corporate control. REITs trading at discounts to NAV are more likely to be acquired than those trading at premiums to NAV. For each acquisition, there is a public deal premium (the deal value relative to stock price) and a private deal premium (the deal value relative to NAV). REITs trading at discounts to NAV command larger public deal premiums and smaller private deal premiums. Shareholders of targets respond more favorably if the REIT is trading at a discount to NAV. Three-day cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) around acquisition announcements are 11% higher for targeted REITs that are trading below a price-to-NAV ratio of 0.95 than those trading at a price-to-NAV ratio above 1.05. The sale of a REIT trading at a discount to NAV appears to be a productive transaction for both acquirers and targets.

Conceptualising Of Muslims In Using Ar-Rahnu Services Offered by Malaysian Islamic Banks

This paper aims to recognize and discuss the factors influencing the intention of Muslims to participate in Ar-Rahnu offered by Islamic banks. Despite conventional pawnshops offering a higher margin to the value of collateral higher asset values in loans compared to Ar-Rahnu, there has been a noticeable increase in the demand for Ar-Rahnu over the years. The discussions attempt to create a discourse around the factors that influence the intention of Muslims to participate in Ar-Rahnu by using the Theory of Planned Behaviour plus religiosity. The findings propose conceptual frameworks that consist of components such as attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and religiosity as factors influencing the intention of Muslims to participate in Ar-Rahnu. However, these frameworks remain conceptual and await validation through empirical testing by future researchers. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for Malaysian Islamic banks to enhance their Ar-Rahnu services. By aligning their offerings with Muslims' preferences and needs, Islamic banks can foster stronger relationships with their customer base and potentially attract new clientele. This review is hoped to be valuable to the present and future Ar-Rahnu scholars interested in the evolution of literature and identifying opportunities for future research. Ultimately, this paper addresses the crucial question of the factors influencing Muslims' intention to participate in Ar-Rahnu services in Islamic banks, thus contributing to the advancement of knowledge in this field.

Drivers of Sustainability Credentialling in the Red Meat Value Chain—A Mixed Methods Study

Sustainability credentialling is the communication of environmental, social, economic, or animal-welfare-related information about a producer or product. Demand for sustainability credentials has been increasing and the aim of this study was to describe the main drivers for this kind of information in Australian red meat value chains that reach consumers across Australia and internationally, mainly in Asia, the USA, and the Middle East. The mixed methods approach included consultation with red meat processors. Desk-based research explored drivers from outside the value chain identified in the consultation. Little evidence was found that consumers are a driver of sustainability credentialling. The main drivers were in the global financial system, expressed in coordinated climate action policies by financial service providers and emerging government climate-related financial legislation. The inclusion of Scope 3 emissions extends coverage to most value chain participants. Net zero transitioning presents many risks to red meat value chains, potentially involving costly interventions and greater difficulty accessing financial services, with direct implications for production costs and asset values. Urgent action is recommended to achieve the formal recognition and use of climate metrics that differentiate the management strategies that are applicable to short-lived biogenic methane compared to CO2 to achieve the Paris Agreement goals.

GHF-COPRAS Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Method Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory and Its Application to Enterprise Digital Asset Valuation

With the rapid development of the economy, data have become a new production factor and strategic asset, enhancing efficiency and energy for technological innovation and industrial upgrading in enterprises. The evaluation of enterprise digital asset value (EDAV) is a typical multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. Generalized hesitant fuzzy numbers (GHFNs) can better express the uncertainty and fuzziness of evaluation indexes, thus finding wide applications in MADM problems. In this paper, we first propose the Kullback–Leibler (K-L) divergence distance of GHFNs and prove its mathematical properties. Second, recognizing that decision-makers often have finite rationality in practical problems, we combine the cumulative prospect theory (CPT) with the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method to propose the GHF-CPT-COPRAS model for solving MADM problems. Simultaneously, we extend the distance correlation-based Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (D-CRITIC) method to the GHF environment to rationally calculate the weights of attributes in the EDAV evaluation problem. Finally, we apply the proposed GHF-CPT-COPRAS model to the EDAV evaluation problem and compare it with existing GHF decision-making methods to verify its effectiveness and feasibility. This study provides an important reference for addressing the EDAV assessment problem within an uncertain fuzzy environment and extends its application methods in the decision-making field.

THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY ON GENERATION Z INVESTMENT DECISIONS (CASE STUDY OF MANAGEMENT STUDENTS OF BANDAR LAMPUNG UNIVERSITY CLASS OF 2020)

With an asset value of IDR 144.07 trillion at the end of the first semester of 2022, stock investors under 40 years old, namely gen Z and millennials by 81.64 percent. Most investors, 60.45%, work as private employees, civil servants, teachers, and students, with an asset value of Rp358.53 trillion. Demographic data shows that the majority of stock investors live on the island of Java, including 13.97% of those living in DKI Jakarta, with an asset value of Rp3,772.32 trillion. While the island of Sumatra is only 16.62%. From the explanation above, we can conclude that there is still low investment interest in several regions, especially Sumatra. The research problems are: Can financial literacy affect investment decisions in generation z in Bandar Lampung city, whether there is an influence between financial technology on investment decisions in generation z in Bandar Lampung city, whether financial literacy and financial technology can affect investment decisions in generation z in Bandar Lampung city.The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of financial literacy and financial technology towards investment decisions in generation z in Bandar Lampung city. Based on the results of the t test, it shows that the value of t calculated for Financial Literacy is greater than t table (3.687 > 1.998), and the value of sig = 0.006 < 0.05. In multiple regression analysis, financial literacy has a positive value for investment decisions. Financial technology has a positive and significant influence on the investment decisions of students or generation Z in the city of Bandar Lampung, meaning that the hypothesis is accepted. The results of the t test show that the value of t calculated by Financial Technology is greater than t table (2.515 > 1.998). In multiple regression analysis, financial technology has a positive value for investment decisions. The results of processing and analysis show that financial literacy and financial technology have a positive and significant impact on the investment decisions of generation Z in Bandar Lampung.