Assessment System Research Articles

Development and application of safety culture analysis program: First online safety culture quantitative analysis and assessment system in China

To promote safety culture assessment, this paper developed China's first online safety culture analysis and evaluation system—Safety Culture Analysis Program (SCAP). SCAP is based on the 32 safety culture elements in the 24Model and provides two login methods: web version and WeChat mini program. It can meet the needs of individuals, groups, and enterprises to conduct safety culture assessments anytime and anywhere and provide convenience for universities to conduct safety culture experiments. The application of SCAP showed that (1) SCAP has rich functions and is highly scientific and universal. (2) The SCAP can output assessment results according to categories, such as total, personnel, safety culture elements, and individual employee requirements, which can be compared with the highest and lowest values stored in the system. This makes it easy for intuitively understanding the current evaluation status. (3) The suggestion report generated by SCAP can help assessment units improve safety culture in a targeted manner and form a dynamic mechanism cycle of “construction-evaluation-construction.” (4) In the future, SCAP will be employed in designing more targeted questions based on the characteristics of different industries and fields to balance the adaptability and specificity of the industry.

Resilience Assessment of Historical and Cultural Cities from the Perspective of Urban Complex Adaptive Systems

Due to the increasingly complex global climatic environment and the rapid development of China’s urban construction, China’s historical and cultural cities are experiencing an external impact as well as internal fragility. Representing the capacity of the urban system to address impact and pressure, resilience can effectively guarantee the sustainable development of historical and cultural cities. A scientific and reasonable resilience assessment system can guide the resilience construction of historical and cultural cities in an effort to effectively counter the impact and pressure they face. Therefore, it is necessary to research the resilience of historical and cultural cities. On the basis of the complex adaptive system (CAS), and by applying multiple assessment indicators, this paper established a resilience assessment system for China’s historical and cultural cities, comprising 38 indicators in six dimensions, to analyze the characteristics and the influencing mechanisms of the resilience of the historical and cultural cities and to reveal the inherent logic underlying their complex presentation. Using six historical and cultural cities in east China as an example, the study applied the assessment system to assess and analyze the different resilience levels of the cities. The comprehensive resilience of Changzhou City obtained the highest score at 0.64, indicating a higher degree of resilience; the scores of Yantai City, Huzhou City, and Nantong City were 0.59, 0.54, and 0.50, respectively, representing moderate degrees of resilience; the scores of Zhongshan City and Quzhou City were 0.44 and 0.40, respectively, exhibiting a lower degree of resilience. Moreover, the factors that result in an unbalanced development of urban resilience were explored from the perspectives of economy, system, and culture. The paper contains some significance in guiding the development of the resilience of historical and cultural cities.

A physics-based PSO-BPNN model for civil aircraft noise assessment

With the increasingly severe problem of aircraft noise pollution around airports, it is urgent to explore accurate and effective aircraft noise assessment methods. This article proposes a physics-based PSO-BPNN model based on the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) best practice model, backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to enrich the methodology system of aircraft noise assessment. The primary modeling process is as follows. Firstly, based on airport parameters, flight information, and other data, the theoretical noise levels of ground monitoring point are calculated using the ECAC dynamic model. Then, a dataset containing measured noise values, theoretical noise values, trajectory data, and meteorological data is constructed to train the physics-based BPNN model, in order to correct the theoretical noise level. Finally, the PSO algorithm is introduced to optimize the parameters of the BPNN model and the construction of the physics-based PSO-BPNN model is completed. By taking Hefei Xinqiao International Airport (HFE) as a research case, the experimental results show that the physics-based PSO-BPNN model, which combines best practice model and machine learning model, demonstrates better performance than the ECAC model and physics-based BPNN model because of its balance between stability and flexibility. In the validation set, the error of 74.77 % of the predicted results was within ±3 dB(A), and the coefficient of determination R2 between all predicted values and measured values reached 0.9450, which indicates the physics-based PSO-BPNN model a potential aircraft noise assessment solution.

Orbit and clock products for quad-system satellites with undifferenced ambiguity fixing approach

Integer Ambiguity Resolution (IAR) can significantly improve the accuracy of GNSS Precise Orbit Determination (POD). Traditionally, the IAR in POD is achieved at the Double Differenced (DD) level. In this contribution, we develop an Un-Differenced (UD) IAR method for Global Positioning System (GPS)+ BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) + Galileo navigation satellite system (Galileo)+ Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) quad-system POD by calibrating UD ambiguities in the raw carrier phase and generating the so-called carrier range. Based on this method, we generate the UD ambiguity-fixed orbit and clock products for the Wuhan Innovation Application Center (IAC) of the International GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS). One-year observations in 2020 from 150 stations are employed to investigate performance of orbit and clock products. Notably, the UD Ambiguity Resolution (AR) yields more resolved integer ambiguities than the traditional DD AR, scaling up to 9%, attributable to its avoidance of station baseline formation. Benefiting from the removal of ambiguity parameters, the computational efficiency of parameter estimation undergoes a substantial 70% improvement. Compared with the float solution, the orbit consistencies of UD AR solution achieve the accuracy of 1.9, 5.2, 2.8, 2.1, and 2.7 cm for GPS, BeiDou-2 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-2), BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3), Galileo, and GLONASS satellites respectively, reflecting enhancements of 40%, 24%, 54%, 34%, and 42%. Moreover, the standard deviations of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals are spanning 2.5–3.5 cm, underscoring a comparable accuracy to the DD AR solution, with discrepancies below 5%. A notable advantage of UD AR lies in its capability to produce the Integer Recovered Clock (IRC), facilitating Precise Point Positioning (PPP) AR without requiring additional Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD) products. To assess the performance of quad-system kinematic PPP based on IRC, a network comprising 120 stations is utilized. In comparison to the float solution, the IRC-based PPP AR accelerates convergence time by 31% and enhance positioning accuracy in the east component by 54%.

Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of different repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modalities for post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol

IntroductionUp to 78% of patients who had a stroke develop post-stroke dysphagia (PSD), a significant consequence. Life-threatening aspiration pneumonia, starvation, and water and electrolyte abnormalities can result. Several meta-analyses have...

Examining the Utility of the Texas Risk Assessment System to Predict Community Supervision Compliance and Recidivism

Although most risk assessment research has examined tools in the prediction of recidivism, there is a growing body of literature that investigates risk assessment in the prediction of successful community supervision. The Texas Risk Assessment System–Community Supervision Tool (TRAS-CST) was developed from the Ohio Risk Assessment System–Community Supervision Tool (ORAS-CST) but has not been examined to predict recidivism or probation compliance. The current study investigates the predictive validity of the TRAS screener and full versions when examining supervision compliance and recidivism among a sample of 462 individuals on probation. Findings support predictive validity of incarceration due to rule violations and new offenses during supervision using the TRAS versions, along with the domains of the TRAS-CST version, although the effect sizes were small to moderate. Results also indicate that the domain scores on the full TRAS may provide important intervention focus for officers supervising individuals on community supervision.

Construction of street tree risk assessment system and empirical analysis based on non-destructive testing technologies

The traditional visual tree assessment method is subjective in evaluating tree risks and therefore not effective in precisely detecting internal decay in tree trunk and root systems. To improve the accuracy of street tree risk assessment, a new nondestructive testing method was proposed. This new tree risk assessment method combines different non-destructive testing technologies, such as sonic tomography and ground-penetrating radar, which could significantly increase the accuracy of risk assessment in tree trunks and roots. The method was applied to evaluate the risk of 1,001 street trees in Shanghai’s historical feature protection area. The results revealed that despite most street trees having low branch and trunk risk levels, more than one-third had high root risk levels. The risk factors of street trees were mainly in the trunk and root system, with a significant correlation between the street tree risk level and tree cavities, diseases, and insect pests, as well as the depth and range of the root distribution, leaning, and internal decay in trunks. With the help of non-destructive testing and risk assessment analysis, as well as targeted prevention measures, the possibility of street risk damage was largely reduced, including street trees tilting and collapsing during typhoons, etc.

Practices of Semester System Master's Program at Mahendra Ratna Campus Tahachal

The purpose of the study is to analyze the practices of semester system master's program at MRC, Tahachal. Semester system effectiveness and success depend upon its implementation practices. The qualitative case study research design is used in this study. Teachers, students, the assistant campus chief, department heads, and non-teaching personnel involved in this program were the research participants. The research site was MRC, Tahachal. The tools used for gathering information for the study were interviews, general observations, and document analysis. I have used a qualitative methodology to examine and interpret the data, which includes editing, summarizing, organizing, classifying, and drawing conclusions. The study concludes that the current implementation practice of semester system has been partially implemented. Most students don't continually engage in the teaching and learning process in the classroom. Regarding the semester system program, neither the teachers nor the students are happy. The roles and responsibilities of the department and campus administration have not been carried out to the anticipated level of expectation. The efficacy of the internal assessment system has been lacking. The dean's office and its duties are not perceived as being more beneficial to the semester system's implementation. Since the main stakeholders have not actively engaged in the semester system program's activities, they ought to routinely and cooperatively participate in developing the campus's teaching and learning environment. Stakeholders generally agree that the semester system is beneficial when applied in its intended spirit.

Potential Food Inclination of Crab-Eating Macaques in Laboratory Environments: Enhancing Positive Reinforcement Training and Health Optimization.

Positive reinforcement and training for health optimization are pivotal for successful studies with monkeys. Potential food inclination is important for studies on crab-eating macaques in laboratory environments, but evaluations remain scarce. We explored crab-eating macaques' potential food inclination to establish a reward system for future behavioral assessments. Twelve male and three female monkeys underwent a food inclination assessment in which they were offered four food categories-fruits, vegetables, proteins, and nuts. The monkeys exhibited a higher inclination for plant-based foods, particularly fruits and vegetables, over animal-based proteins like chicken and tuna (p < 0.0001), with a notable inclination for nuts (eaten/provided = 100%). Additionally, the consistency of potential food inclination after repeated offerings was investigated, revealing a time-dependent increase in inclination for protein items. Food consumption ratios correlated positively with caloric intake (r = 0.59, p = 0.02), implying that individuals with a regular high caloric intake and increased body weight are more likely to accept food during positive reinforcement training. Our findings suggest fruits, vegetables, protein-rich foods, and nuts can help with health optimization. However, animal-based protein-rich foods initially had a low preference, which may increase over time. Our study can provide guidelines for positive reinforcement training and health optimization.

Identifying Factors Associated with Bullying Roles Using the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health (ChYMH) Suite of Instruments.

Bullying is a common problem amongst school-aged children and youth and is a significant concern for caregivers and teachers. interRAI is an international not-for-profit network of roughly 150 researchers and clinicians from over 35 countries. The main goal of interRAI is to develop and support standardized assessment systems for vulnerable individuals to support care planning, evidence-based clinical decision making, outcome measurement and quality assurance. This study aimed to examine factors associated with bullying roles in a large clinical sample (n = 26,069) using interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health assessments. Findings revealed children who both bullied peers and were victims of bullying (compared to those who were solely bullies, victims, or neither) were more likely to experience interpersonal traumas including witnessing domestic violence, physical and sexual assault; increased risk of self-harm and suicide, depression; more behavioural/externalizing problems; conflict within the school and home contexts; and higher levels of financial, familial, and living instability. The potential causes and implications of these distinctions are discussed. Findings can aid professionals in tailoring preventive measures that could more effectively minimize the incidence and effect of bullying.

Opioid-Sparing Anesthesia Versus Opioid-Free Anesthesia for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Patients who undergo laparoscopic bariatric surgery (LBS) are susceptible to postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) or opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) protocols have been proposed as solutions; however, differences between the 2 alternative opioid protocols for anesthesia maintenance in obese patients remain uncertain. A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the impacts of OFA and OSA on PONV. Systematic searches were conducted using Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OFA and OSA strategies. After screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the credibility of the evidence. The main concern of this review was the difference between OFA and OSA in reducing PONV. The primary outcome was any PONV occurrence within 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain intensity, opioid consumption, opioid-related adverse events, and length of hospital stay. Fifteen RCTs involving 1310 patients were identified for a network meta-analysis from 1776 articles that compared OFA, OSA, and traditional opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) strategies in LBS. Twelve RCTs (80%) with 922 participants (70%) were eligible for the occurrence of PONV. These included 199 (22%) patients who received OFA and 476 (52%) and 247 (27%) patients who received OSA and OBA, respectively. OFA was more effective at reducing PONV (relative risks [RR], 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9, moderate-quality evidence) compared to OSA. No differences were observed in postoperative pain control or opioid consumption between the OFA and OSA strategies (very low-to high-quality evidence). Notably, OFA is associated with a higher risk of bradycardia than OSA (RR, 2.6, 95% CI, 1.2-5.9, moderate-quality evidence). OFA is more effective than OSA in reducing the occurrence of PONV during the early postoperative period of LBS, although it may associate with an increased risk of bradycardia. Patients who received either opioid-alternative strategy demonstrated similar effects in reducing postoperative opioid consumption and alleviating pain intensity.

Analysis on the relationship between accident ratio of machinery, metal, and non-metal mineral product manufacturing and improvement ratio of risk factors classified according to the KRAS

Currently, 76.6% of businesses in South Korea that are required to appoint safety managers have outsourced their safety management tasks to specialized safety management institutions. As a result, the role of these institutions is crucial. However, these institutions lack standardized inspection items for workplaces, and there are no specific regulations that enforce the improvement of identified risk factors in the submitted inspection reports. This leads to a low improvement rate and a lack of reduction in the accident rate. This study focuses on 10 businesses in the machinery, metallic, and non-metallic mineral products manufacturing industry in the southern region of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Over a period of three years, the contents of inspection reports submitted by these businesses were classified into six categories: mechanical factors, electrical factors, chemical(substance) factors, biological factors, task-specific factors, and work environment factors, according to the Korea risk assessment system(KRAS) classification. Regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted to find out the relationship between the improvement rate and the accident rate. The results of the regression analysis confirmed that the improvement rate of risk factors provided by specialized safety management institutions significantly affects the accident rate in the workplace. The correlation analysis results indicate a significant correlation between the improvement rates and accident rates of the five factors excluding biological factors for which no inspection items were identified. Based on these findings, the study identified inspection items within the reports that had a low improvement rate and were repeatedly pointed out. Additionally, priority improvement items were derived based on the industry's characteristics. This study proposes checklists that can be utilized for safety inspections in the machinery, metallic, and non-metallic mineral products manufacturing industry. It is expected that by utilizing these safety inspection checklists, the accident rate in these workplaces can be reduced.

Arsenic stress on soil microbial nutrient metabolism interpreted by microbial utilization of dissolved organic carbon

In a 120-day microcosm incubation experiment, we investigated the impact of arsenic contamination on soil microbial nutrient metabolism, focusing on carbon cycling processes. Our study encompassed soil basal respiration, key enzyme activities (particularly, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase and phosphatases), microbial biomass, and community structure. Results revealed a substantial increase (1.21–2.81 times) in β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities under arsenic stress, accompanied by a significant decrease (9.86%−45.20%) in phosphatase activities (sum of acid and alkaline phosphatases). Enzymatic stoichiometry analysis demonstrated the mitigation of microbial C and P requirements in response to arsenic stress. The addition of C-sources alleviated microbial C requirements but exacerbated P requirements, with the interference amplitude increasing with the complexity of the C-source. Network analysis unveiled altered microbial nutrient requirements and an increased resistance process of microbes under arsenic stress. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and basal respiration significantly increased (1.17–1.59 and 1.18–3.56 times, respectively) under heavy arsenic stress (500 mg kg−1). Arsenic stress influenced the relative abundances of microbial taxa, with Gemmatimonadota increasing (5.5–50.5%) and Bacteroidota/ Nitrospirota decreasing (31.4–47.9% and 31.2–63.7%). Application of C-sources enhanced microbial resistance to arsenic, promoting cohesion among microorganisms. These findings deepen our understanding of microbial nutrient dynamics in arsenic-contaminated areas, which is crucial for developing enzyme-based toxicity assessment systems for soil arsenic contamination.

Validation of rubric-based evaluation for bachelor's theses in a food science and technology degree.

An effective evaluation of a bachelor's thesis (BT) needs the use of valid tools such as rubrics. There are few studies providing a validation of rubrics for these theses and even fewer in the academic field of food science and technology; hence the aim of this study was to validate a rubric for the assessment of relevant competencies in the BT. Ninety-seven students presented their thesis and 56 teachers participated as members of the committees. The degree of relevance, suitability, and clarity of the rubrics were assessed as well as the relationship between student perception and academic performance and the congruence between the teacher's and students' evaluations. The content validity index and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Students had a moderate level of knowledge about rubrics, but they mostly agreed with the premise that the rubrics are an accurate tool to assess the quality of BTs. Teacher's and student's marks mostly aligned. No significant relationship was found between the positive perception of rubric's validity and the final grades. Regarding clarity, suitability, and relevance as perceived by teachers, the used rubrics were highly valued. The ICC of criteria indicated that the rubrics were valid in the studied terms. Hence, the validation of a food science and technology degree BT assessment system based on a rubric has been achieved. Supporting Information PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The conclusions drawn from this research could enable teachers at other universities to use this methodology for validating their rubrics for bachelor's theses. Furthermore, they could use this validated rubric to evaluate projects presented at their respective institutions.

Laser-irradiating infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy of articular cartilage: Potential and challenges for diagnosing osteoarthritis

ObjectiveA prototype infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) laser spectroscopic system designed for in vivo classification of human cartilage tissue according to its histological health status during arthroscopic surgery is presented. Prior to real-world in vivo applications, this so-called osteoarthritis (OA) scanner has been tested at in vitro conditions revealing the challenges associated with complex sample matrices and the accordingly obtained sparse spectral datasets. MethodsIn vitro studies on human knee cartilage samples at different contact pressures (i.e., 0.2–0.5 ​MPa) allowed recording cartilage degeneration characteristic IR signatures comparable to in vivo conditions with high temporal resolution. Afterwards, the cartilage samples were assessed based on the clinically acknowledged osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology assessment (OARSI) system and correlated with the obtained sparse IR data. ResultsAmide and carbohydrate signal behavior was observed to be almost identical between the obtained sparse IR data and previously measured FTIR data used for sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (SPLSDA) to identify the spectral regions relevant to cartilage condition. Contact pressures between 0.3 and 0.4 ​MPa seem to provide the best sparse IR spectra for cylindrical (d ​= ​3 ​mm) probe tips. ConclusionLaser-irradiating IR-ATR spectroscopy is a promising analytical technique for future arthroscopic applications to differentiate healthy and osteoarthritic cartilage tissue. However, this study also revealed that the flexible connection between the laser-based analyzer and the arthroscopic ATR-probe via IR-transparent fiberoptic cables may affect the robustness of the obtained IR data and requires further improvements.

Lessons identified from applications of the Risk Analysis Quality Test Release 1.0.

The Risk Analysis Quality Test Release 1.0 (RAQT1.0) was developed as a framework to encourage mutual understanding between technical risk analysts and risk management decision makers of risk assessment quality indicators. The initial version (release 1.0) was published by the Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) in 2020 with the intent of learning from early test applications whether the approach was useful and whether changes in approach or contents would be helpful. The results of applications across three diverse fields are reported here. The applications include both retrospective evaluations of past risk assessments and prospective guidance on the design of future risk assessment projects or systems. The fields represented include Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment, Cultural Property Risk Analysis, and Software Development Cyber Risk Analysis. The RAQT1.0 proved helpful for identifying shortcomings in all applications. Ways in which the RAQT1.0 might be improved are also identified.

Interior Design Assessment System Based on Computer Vision and Multimedia

Interior Design Assessment System Based on Computer Vision and Multimedia

Automated Artificial Intelligence–Based Thai Food Dietary Assessment System: Development and Validation

BackgroundDietary assessment is a fundamental component of nutrition research and plays a pivotal role in managing chronic diseases. Traditional dietary assessment methods, particularly in the context of Thai cuisine, often require extensive training and may lead to estimation errors. ObjectivesTo address these challenges, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University (INMU) iFood, an innovative artificial intelligence–based Thai food dietary assessment system, allows for estimating the nutritive values of dishes from food images. MethodsINMU iFood leverages state-of-the-art technology and integrates a validated automated Thai food analysis system. Users can use 3 distinct input methods: food image recognition, manual input, and a convenient barcode scanner. This versatility simplifies the tracking of dietary intake while maximizing data quality at the individual level. The core improvement in INMU iFood can be attributed to 2 key factors, namely, the replacement of Yolov4-tiny with Yolov7 and the expansion of noncarbohydrate source foods in the training image data set. ResultsThis combination significantly enhances the system’s ability to identify food items, especially in scenarios with closely packed food images, thus improving accuracy. Validation results showcase the superior performance of the INMU iFood integrated V7-based system over its predecessor, V4-based, with notable improvements in protein and fat estimation. Furthermore, INMU iFood addresses limitations by offering users the option to import additional food products via a barcode scanner, thus providing access to a vast database of nutritional information through Open Food Facts. This integration ensures users can track their dietary intake effectively, with expanded access to over 3000 food items added to or updated in the Open Food Facts database covering a wide variety of dietary choices. ConclusionsINMU iFood is a promising tool for researchers, health care professionals, and individuals seeking to monitor their dietary intake within the context of Thai cuisine and for ultimately promoting better health outcomes and facilitating nutrition-related research.

Exploration of the Content Design and Assessment System of Statistics Course for Vocational Finance and Economics Majors Based on OBE

In the statistical teaching practice of various majors in economics and management in Chinese universities, there are generally drawbacks such as dull teaching content and weak applicability. How to organically integrate the teaching of statistical theory with practical teaching, and truly cultivate applied talents that meet the needs of regional economic and social development, is a prominent problem faced by the teaching of statistics courses in universities. This article aims to explore the content design and assessment system optimization of statistics courses in higher vocational finance and economics majors based on results oriented education. Through in-depth analysis of the connotation of OBE concept and its guiding significance for vocational education, combined with the characteristics of statistics in finance and economics majors, a series of course content design principles and assessment system reform suggestions are proposed to improve teaching quality, cultivate students' statistical application ability and innovative thinking.

Scope of Global Citizenship Education in the National Curriculum Framework 2021 of Bangladesh: A critical Review

Global Citizenship Education (GCED) has significant role in creating active and responsible citizens with specific knowledge, skills, and values – such as solidarity, tolerance, empathy who can address the challenges of future uncertain world. This study aims to explore the scope of GCED in the new National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2021 of Bangladesh. Qualitative content analysis was used to critically analyze the NCF as a document. The findings show that the NCF has created a great deal of opportunities for infusing GCED in the curriculum mainly in four aspects. First, it has stepped into competency based education which is one of the major preconditions for embedding GCED in the curriculum framework. Second, within the development process, it created the scope of addressing GCED issues and discourses. Third, in conceptualizing different aspects of the curriculum such as, conceptual understanding of the curriculum within a theoretical framework proposed, the understanding of the competency-based curriculum, assessment system, and technical aspects of the education system, GCED concepts were projected heavily. Fourth, learning area wise core competencies and the subject-wise competencies also clearly reflect the GCED knowledge, skills, and values. However, analysing the NCF from ‘soft’ and ‘critical’ GCED perspective, we found that though the NCF focused both ‘soft’ (e.g., harmony, tolerance, humanity, empathy, human rights, self-awareness) and ‘critical’ (e.g., social justice, creative and critical thinking, power and governance, informed and reflective action) GCED perspectives, it is leaned towards the ‘soft’ GCED aiming to create active citizens who will be able to solve the problems of the world to live a better life, not challenging the existing social and underlying power structure, which is more of a ‘critical’ GCED perspective. Explicit mention of GCED theories, approaches and tools such as gender transformative approaches, process of involving the disadvantaged groups in the NCF development process would make GCED attributes more visible in the document. This study will help the researchers, policy-makers, and educators to bridge this policy document with detailed curriculum, textbooks, and teacher professional development programs to understand the status of translation of GCED to create responsible national and global citizens. Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Research, 49 (1), 49-76