Assessment Of Physical Development Research Articles

Changes of the microbiome as a predictor of comorbidity in gastrostomy patients

Dysphagia as a symptom of dysfunction of the digestive system occurs in patients with various pathologies and in severe cases requires the formation of a nutrient fistula. The presence of a stoma is a source of additional pathological changes. Changes in the microbiota of gastrostomy patients is an issue that is practically not covered in the scientific literature. The purpose of the study is to determine characteristic changes in the microbiota of the oral cavity, stomach and intestines caused by nutritional stoma and their clinical significance. Materials and methods. The study included 20 children fed through a gastrostomy tube and 10 children fed by mouth. Group 1 consisted of patients with a gastrostomy installed in less than 1 year, group 2 - in periods of more than 1 year, group 3 - children without gastrostomy. All patients underwent a standard examination in a gastroenterological hospital and 16S rRNA sequencing of aspirates from 3 biotopes - mouth, stomach and intestines. An assessment of physical development and bioimpedance measurements was carried out, and a group of patients with sarcopenia was identified. Results. In all three biotopes of patients with gastrostomies, a pronounced disturbance of microbiological homeostasis was found. In the oral cavity, the number of anti-carious microorganisms is reduced and, on the contrary, the level of periodontogenic strains is increased. This fact is the cause of the occurrence of comorbid conditions and requires the appointment of local therapy with probiotic strains approved for use. Changes in the gastric microbiome after gastrostomy placement are characterized by a high degree of H. pylori contamination against the background of a decrease in anti-inflammatory protection. Determining the level of bacteria of the genera Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Porphyromonas in the stomach can become a marker of concomitant chronic inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract, a high risk of developing peptic ulcers and its complications. The state of the gut microbiome correlates with underweight, BMI, proportion of fat mass and active cell mass. The development of sarcopenia in gastrostomy patients is one of the possible dangerous comorbid conditions, one of the diagnostic criteria of which is a decrease in the level of Phylum Fusobacteriota bacteria.

The Influence of Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 on Anthropometric Parameters in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The goal is to study the indicators of somatotropic hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 to assess the effect on anthropometric indicators of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. 74 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 14 children in the control group were examined. Average age 12±3.5 years. The assessment of physical development was carried out on the basis of an assessment of anthropometric indicators — height and body weight with the calculation of BMI and compared with centile tables. Determination of the concentration of hormones such as GH and IGF-1 was determined by special ELISA kits using the enzyme immunoassay method using an analyzer (Mindray MR-96A). The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing. It was revealed that 8 (36.4%) boys and the majority of girls 14 (63.6%) achieved the target level of glycated hemoglobin. Children with T1DM are statistically significant and stunted in height and weight compared to healthy children in the control group.

Assessment of physical development and lifestyle in junior medical students

Assessment of physical development and lifestyle in junior medical students

Форми медичного контролю на заняттях силової направленості

Medical control is a scientific and practical branch of medicine that studies the issues of physical development, functional state, and health of the human body during physical exercises and sports. The purpose of medical control is to promote the effectiveness of the physical education process in every way, the correct use of physical culture tools. Medical control is a mandatory condition for injury prevention, preservation of human health, longevity, and creative activity. The main tasks of medical control: determining the state of health and solving issues of admission to classes in various forms and groups; carrying out medical control at physical education and sports classes; diagnostics of the functional state; assessment of physical development and identification of diseases and injuries; medical provision of competitions; agitation and promotion of physical culture among the population. Forms of medical control: regular medical examinations and control of persons engaged in physical exercises and sports; medical and pedagogical observations of people who are engaged in classes and competitions; sanitary and hygienic control over the places and conditions of classes; medical and sanitary provision of mass health and sports events (in sports camps and at educational and training meetings);prevention of sports injuries and diseases; sanitary and educational work and promotion of physical culture, sports, a healthier lifestyle. Physical development is assessed using anthropometric measurements, as well as the method of questioning and external examination. Anthropometric measurements make it possible to determine the level and features of physical development, the degree of conformity to gender and age.

OBESITY IN CHILDREN AS A PREDICTOR OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MYOPIA

Despite a suffi cient number of scientifi c studies devoted to the study of myopia risk factors, the infl uence of obesity on the degree of myopia risk in childhood has not been suffi ciently studied, which prompted us to study this issue using children as an example. The aim is to study the frequency and degree of myopia risk in overweight and obese children.Material and Methods. The sample of children for the study was formed step by step in the process of randomization. Thefi rst stage included a one-time epidemiological study of children aged 10-18 years during preventive examinations in schools of Chernivtsi and Chernivtsi region (1,035 persons). The primary screening included anthropometry and assessment of physical development. For detailed examination 205 persons were selected: with overweight (OW, 65 persons), with obesity (75 persons) and with normal body weight (65 persons, comparison group). The ophthalmologic examination included: visometry without and with correction, autorefractokeratometry before and after cycloplegia, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, optical biometry of the eye. To reveal the statistical diff erence between indicators in normally distributed groups, the Student’s t criterion of reliability was used, the degree of signifi cance – r. Comparison of groups on a qualitative basis was performed using Pearson’s χ2 test. Diff erences were considered statistically signifi cant at p <0.05.The research design and all methods used in this study were reviewed and approved by the Bioethics Committee of theBukovinian State Medical University (Protocol No. 10, dated 18.05.2002). The study was conducted within the research work «Early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of combined pathology of gastrointestinal tract and thyroid gland in children» (state registration number 0116U002937, implementation period 02.2016-11.2022).Results. The frequency of myopia in children with OW and obesity was signifi cantly higher than in children with average body weight (χ2 = 3.2, p < 0.05). Children with obesity and myopia were 2.7 times more likely to have diseases of the musculoskeletal system, 1.8 times more likely to have pathology of the autonomic nervous system, and 3.1 times more likely to have chronic diseases of the oropharynx than children in the control group. In all groups of children, the additional risk was greatest in children whose mother or father was myopic (49.6 and 41.3 %, respectively). Minimal additional risk was associated with a history of childhood infections (<1.6 %), helminthiasis (<3.9 %), nasal polyps (<3.4 %), adenoids (<2.4 %), and spinal cord injury at birth (<9.1 %). The odds ratio for the development of low myopia in the group with OW and obesity compared to the control group (normal weight) were 1.25 [95 % CI 0.56-2.82] and 0.88 [95 % CI 0.49-1. 58], for the development of moderate myopia – 1.22 [95 % CI 0.57-2.59] and 0.82 [95 % CI 0.46-1.49], respectively, and for the development of high myopia–1.37 [95 % CI 0.51-3.66] and 0.80 [95 % CI 0.49-2.09], respectively.Conclusion. The risk of myopia is higher in children with overweight and obesity, which emphasizes the importance andnecessity of taking into account the somatic condition of the child.

Analysis of anthropometric indicators of visually impaired children in relation to their healthy peers and according to subgroups of a special medical group

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of physical development indicators as one of the criteria for the health status of children with visual deprivation, based on the special medical subgroup, in comparison with their relatively healthy peers. Material & Methods. Guided by ethical principles and based on informed consent, a study was conducted involving 27 children aged 10. Among them, 13 children had visual deprivation, specifically 8 children were assigned to subgroup A, and 5 to subgroup B. Additionally, 14 relatively healthy children participated in the study. The assessment of physical development was carried out through anthropometric measurements, including body weight, body length, chest circumference, and chest excursion, following standard methodology. Results. The corresponding statistical analysis revealed that the difference between the groups is statistically significant at the level of p<0.01 only for the indicators of chest circumference on inhalation and exhalation in centimeters, as well as for the chest circumference based on the sigma coefficient. For the rest of the indicators, the differences do not reach a sufficient level of statistical significance. These data indicate that 10-year-old children with visual deprivation significantly differed from their peers without visual deprivation in having a significantly larger chest circumference. Children from subgroup B are slightly taller, have a greater body mass, and exceed the chest circumference on inhalation and exhalation of children who, based on medical criteria, fall into subgroup A. However, all these differences, according to statistical criteria, are not pronounced enough to be considered significant for making decisions regarding the specific design of a program for correcting motor disorders during physical education sessions. Conclusions. The study confirmed data showing that children with visual deprivation exhibit higher body weight indicators compared to their peers without visual deprivation. This is attributed to a sedentary lifestyle resulting from visual analyzer dysfunction. Comparing the anthropometric indices of children with visual deprivation of subgroup A and subgroup B, insignificant differences were found. The only indicator that significantly distinguishes these groups of children is chest excursion, where most children in subgroup A have a difference of 4 cm between the circumference of the chest during inhalation and exhalation, and children in subgroup B have a difference of only 3 cm. The statistical significance of such differences was confirmed by the Mann-Whitney test at the level of p≤0.05.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА АНТРОПОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ И БИОИМПЕДАНСОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ РОССИЙСКИХ И ИНОСТРАННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА

To study the adaptation processes of foreign students, the most accessible and informative is to determine their morphofunctional status. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative characterization of anthropometric and bioimpedance indicators of yakut and arab students. Materials and methods: 166 young men of yakut nationality and 43 arab boys, natives of Egypt, whose average age was 19,9±0,25 years, were examined. All the examined were 1st year students of the Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University. Anthropometric and bioimpedance measurements were carried out, and an index assessment of physical development was given. The methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics are used. Results and conclusion: Significantly high indices of body weight, chest circumference, buttock girth and antero-posterior chest diameter were established in arab boys. Yakuts have significantly higher shoulder diameter values. Arab boys are more likely to register persons with increased body density according to the Yarho-Kaupe index, high physical development according to the Rohrer index, persons with increased body weight and obesity according to the body mass index. The indices of active and reactive tissue resistance were significantly higher in yakut boys. Significantly high values of total hydration, musculoskeletal mass and lean mass were recorded in arab boys. Among the yakut boys, a significantly large proportion of persons with a high value and the absence of persons with a low value of the phase angle were identified. The obtained results of bioimpedance analysis indicate the best condition of the body's cells, the level of overall performance and metabolic intensity in yakut boys.

Biological age assessment method teenage students

To assess the biological age of adolescents, the special literature offers 9 methods for boys and 14 methods for girls. The aim of the article was to determine the more informative methods for boys and girls. Methods: anthropometry, somatometry, somatoscopy, tonometry, spirometry, dynamometry, Hench and Shtange tests, Ruffier and Robinson indices. The interaction of the results of different methods for the assessment of biological age was analysed using factor analysis (principal components method) for groups of subjects of the same gender and age. Boys aged 14-15 (n=102) and girls aged 12-13 (n=101) were studied. The choice of these age groups was explained by the presence of the most significant individual differences in morpho-functional features in the school students of this age. Results: among the methods for assessment of biological age in adolescent school students proposed in the literature, there is not a single one that would be statistically siginificantly related to the other methods. This applies to both boys and girls. The biological age of adolescents can be reliably determined using a set of three components: an assessment of physical development, the heterochronicity index, and the degree of manifestation of secondary sexual characteristics (for boys with a probability of 90.2%, for girls - 92.1%). The percentage ratio of these components has gender peculiarities. Methods for assessing biological age for scientific purposes and quick assessment for use in the practice of physical education and sports are proposed. The indicators in quick assessment technique include body length and the degree of development of the axillary hair. The reliability of the quick assessment technique is 81.4% for boys and 83.2% for girls. Conclusion: the development of adequate physical activity for adolescents of different biological ages will help to improve the physical health of the younger generation.

Антропометрические индексы и биоимпедансометрические показатели как онтогенетические индикаторы риска формирования ожирения

The body mass index does not distinguish body fat mass from fat-free mass and does not capture changes in these parameters. The aim of this study was to establish an association between anthropometric indexes and bioimpedance indicators with age-specific obesity on the example of male population in the Magadan oblast. To achieve it, we examined 586 males who lived in the Magadan oblast by using conventional methods for assessment of physical development. The ROC analysis was performed and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured. The analysis of the obtained research data established a significant decrease in FFMI values with age (from young males to elderly ones) together with growing FMI, FMI/FFMI ratio, total body fat and the waist-to-hip ratio. To determine an optimal BMI value as an indicator eligible to diagnose obesity, a ROC-curve was built to describe a relationship between BMI and FMI/FFMI value < 0.4 cu. It showed that when BMI ranged between 22 kg/m2 and 25.0 kg/m2 in young males, bioimpedance values corresponded to the physiological norm; in the early maturity group, the optimal BMI cut-off point for diagnosing obesity was 26.5 kg/m2; the optimal BMI range in the 2nd maturity group was 24.0–27.5 kg/m2. It is noteworthy that the ROC-analysis turned out to have no predictive significance among elderly men; this indicates that BMI is hardly eligible for being used as an indicator of obesity risk in this period of ontogenesis. Classical BMI ranges cannot be considered a clear indicator to diagnose obesity among males in the Magadan oblast whereas indicators obtained by bioimpedance analysis (FMI/FFMI ratios) can be used as relevant indicators when assessing risks of obesity and sarcopenia in the analyzed population.

Anthropometric indices and bioimpedance body composition as ontogenetic indicators to describe risk of obesity

The body mass index does not distinguish body fat mass from fat-free mass and does not capture changes in these parameters. The aim of this study was to establish an association between anthropometric indexes and bioimpedance indicators with age-specific obesity on the example of male population in the Magadan oblast. To achieve it, we examined 586 males who lived in the Magadan oblast by using conventional methods for assessment of physical development. The ROC analysis was performed and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured. The analysis of the obtained research data established a significant decrease in FFMI values with age (from young males to elderly ones) together with growing FMI, FMI/FFMI ratio, total body fat and the waist-to-hip ratio. To determine an optimal BMI value as an indicator eligible to diagnose obesity, a ROC-curve was built to describe a relationship between BMI and FMI/FFMI value < 0.4 cu. It showed that when BMI ranged between 22 kg/m2 and 25.0 kg/m2 in young males, bioimpedance values corresponded to the physiological norm; in the early maturity group, the optimal BMI cut-off point for diagnosing obesity was 26.5 kg/m2; the optimal BMI range in the 2nd maturity group was 24.0–27.5 kg/m2. It is noteworthy that the ROC-analysis turned out to have no predictive significance among elderly men; this indicates that BMI is hardly eligible for being used as an indicator of obesity risk in this period of ontogenesis. Classical BMI ranges cannot be considered a clear indicator to diagnose obesity among males in the Magadan oblast whereas indicators obtained by bioimpedance analysis (FMI/FFMI ratios) can be used as relevant indicators when assessing risks of obesity and sarcopenia in the analyzed population.

Assessment of physical development of children with weak health

Assessment of physical development of children with weak health

Improving the assessment of physical development during preventive examinations of school students: regional experience

Improving the assessment of physical development during preventive examinations of school students: regional experience

Main directions in the study of schoolchildren and youth’ growth in Russia: а review based on the articles published in «Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin» for the last 15 years

Introduction. This review is a continuation of the research devoted to the assessment of the development of auxology in Russian anthropology. The first part was devoted to a comprehensive assessment of the processes of growth and development of children from birth to 3 years old, living both in our country and in the countries of the near abroad. The analyzed sources describe factors influencing growth processes (evolutionary, climatic, geographical, ethnic and genetic factors, constitutional features of mothers, circumstances of intrauterine growth) [Permiakova, 2023]. This article examines and describes in more detail the main activities of auxologists, as well as physicians and psychologists working both within our country and in cooperation with foreign researchers from various academic institutions. Materials and methods. In this part of the work, the author analyzed articles devoted to the comprehensive assessment of physical development (as well as factors affecting it) of the school and student contingent living in Russia and some other countries. All these articles were published in Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin from 2009 to 2022. Results and discussion. Works in the designated area, on the one hand, analyze the physical development of children and youth of the Moscow region, on the other hand, assess the differences in the rates and dynamics of growth processes of residents of different regions of our country and abroad, including the secular aspect. In addition, representative samples are used to analyze socio-economic factors affecting these processes and determining the features of their course in a particular territory. Complex studies involving the relationship of somatic development indicators not only with socio-economic or environmental parameters, but also the psychological characteristics of the subjects are also important. Conclusion. The number of works devoted to the subject under study is quite numerous, which allows us to speak about the undiminished interest of domestic anthropologists in studying the problems of growth and development. The complex nature of most of them, among other things, indicates an integrative approach to solving the problems posed to this field of science. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Correction of the Physical Condition of Children 5-6 Years Old Who Are Engaged Gymnastics In Sports Shools

The article deals with the assessment of physical development and level of physical fitness of children 5-6 years’ old who are engaged in gymnastics in sports schools with the analysis of physiometric measurements, in particular: vital capacity of the lungs, dynamometry, respiratory rate and heart rate, as well as a detailed analysis of the level of physical fitness with the help of pedagogical testing.
 During the research, theoretical analysis was used, namely the analysis and generalization of literary sources, systematization, comparison of different views on the problem under study, content analysis of textbooks for the purpose of studying the theoretical and methodical foundations of physical education of sports school students, methods of determining anthropometric data and methods of mathematical statistics and data processing, as well as pedagogical testing methods.
 The results of the assessment of children's physical capacity allowed us to conclude that in most people it corresponds to the average level, and in a third of children, small functional reserves were found. The indicators of vital capacity of the lungs also corresponded to the average statistical indicators, аnalyzing the obtained data regarding the development of physical qualities, it can be proven that almost all test indicators that characterize the physical fitness of children are at low and below average levels. In none of the tests did the children demonstrate a high level, the analysis of individual results of assessing the level of physical fitness of children 5-6 years old shows that 40.7% of the subjects have an average level of physical fitness, 14.8% have an above average level, 25.9% of children have a below average level, 18.5% have a low level % of people. Therefore, we selected 120 children (44.4%) with low and below average levels of physical fitness to conduct recreational gymnastics classes with them according to the author's program.
 The results of our research proved that most of the indicators of physical development and functional state of children 5-6 years old who do gymnastics in sports schools correspond to the age norm, however, the analysis of individual results of assessing the level of physical fitness of 5-6-year-old children shows that 40.7% of the subjects have an average level of physical fitness, 14.8% have an above average level, 25.9% of children have a below average level, 18% have a low level, 5% of people

ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ВНЕШНЕГО ДЫХАНИЯ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ЦЕНТРА МЕДИЦИНЫ

The purpose: To characterize the indicators of external respiration of patients of the functional diagnostics department National Center of Medicine n.a. M.E. Nikolaev. The study included the results of a survey of 55 male patients, whose average age was 51,75±9,35 years. The index assessment included the determination of body mass index, Brock index, Yarho-Kaupe index, Rohrer index. Spirometry was performed using a Master Screen spirometer@ Body. A bronchodilatation test was performed using salbutamol. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the SPSS application software package for Windows (version 27,0). It was revealed that the majority of patients have normal body weight according to the Quetelet index and the Broca index, increased body density according to the Yarho-Kaupe index and high physical development according to the Rohrer index. According to spirometry data, 50,9% of the examined patients revealed a low level of vital lung capacity, 56,3% had a reduced Tiffno index, 63,7% of patients had a low level of peak volume expiratory velocity. According to the FEV1 indicator, 41,8% have pronounced ventilation disorders. In most of the examined individuals, the patency of the bronchial tree is impaired at the level of medium and large bronchi (65,5% and 61,8%, respectively). In 41,4% of patients, the result of the bronchodilation test was positive. Of these, 50,0% had a bronchodilation coefficient of more than 12% - a positive test, 50,0% – a negative test. Thus, an index assessment of physical development and characteristics of spirometric indicators of patients of the Department of functional diagnostics of the M.E. Nikolaev NCM were obtained.

Assessment of physical development of schoolchildren aged 7-17

Physical development is a complex of morphological and functional properties of the organism, which determines the ability of the organism to bear physical stress. Purpose: to determine the patterns of formation of anthropometric parameters, indicators of components of somatotype and indices of harmony of physical development of schoolchildren of secondary education institutions. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodical literature; pedagogical observation and experiment; anthropometric research methods; index method; methods of mathematical statistics. The results. During elementary school age, there is a gradual change in the structures and functions of the body. Body length in girls and boys up to 11 years of age increases more intensively than body weight. The proportions of the body change, the volume of the chest increases, that is, the body is "stretched". There is almost no clear difference between boys and girls in anthropometric indicators. Middle school age is characterized by the maximum rate of growth of the whole body and its individual parts, the build-up of the body's functional reserves. The maximum rate of growth in boys is observed at the age of 13-14 years (body length increases by 6-14 cm), and in girls – at 11-12 years (by 5-6 cm). Conclusions. More than half of school-age children have anthropometric indicators that correspond to the normative level, with a tendency to tallness and increased body weight, regardless of gender and age. More than half of the children have a mesosomatic type of physical development. Most children are characterized by harmonious physical development with a tendency to increase the number of harmoniously developed children at an older age. Prospects for further research. A comprehensive assessment of the state of physical development of school-aged children with the determination of age-sex characteristics allows to assess the functional capabilities and reserves of the child's body, and to take this into account when developing programs for physical education of schoolchildren.

Comparative Assessment of Physical Development of Children and Adolescents Living in Territories with Different Levels of Anthropogenic Load

Introduction: Correlations are considered as a reliable indicator of adaptive variability in populations. Objective: To make a comparative assessment of physical development of children and adolescents living in areas with different levels of anthropogenic load. Material and methods: We analyzed the structure of correlations between morphological and functional indicators of children and adolescents (n = 5,137) and the level of anthropogenic load (from relatively satisfactory to critical) in four territories for the years 2018–2021. We measured body length and weight, chest circumference, right and left hand grip strength, vital capacity of the lungs, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and sexual size dimorphism, and then calculated the body mass index and body surface area. The variability of somatic and functional indices was examined separately in age-standardized groups of 9, 13 and 15-year-old boys and girls. Significant differences in the frequencies of statistical correlations in each group and in different environmental clusters were determined. Results: We established a statistical decrease in body length by 0.82 % and in right and left handgrip strength by 5.22 % and 9.68 %, respectively, accompanied by an increase in body weight by 5.02 %, chest circumference by 1.26 %, and vital capacity by 5.56 %, all associated with an increase in the level of anthropogenic load in the area. In environmental clusters with intense and critical load, we noted a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 4.54 % and 5.89 %, respectively, and an increase in the heart rate by 2.81 %. We found an increase in the total number of age and sex-specific intrasystemic (anthropometric) and intersystemic (anthropometric/hemodynamic) morphofunctional correlations from 186 in clean areas to 228 in heavily polluted ones. Health effects of environmental contamination was the most pronounced in 9-year-old children of both sexes. Conclusion: An increase in the frequency of significant intrasystemic and intersystemic correlations of morphological and functional indicators in children and adolescents with the increase in environmental load indicates tension of adaptive mechanisms in the body; the effect of interactions between environmental pollution and anthropogenic parameters in age and sex groups is attributed to greater sensitivity in the male cohort.

Современные подходы к стандартизации физического развития детей дошкольного возраста

Negative trends in children’s health necessitate the use of a prenosological approach aimed at prevention and early detection of pathology risks. Developmental monitoring as a conditional measure of a child’s physical capabilities is of particular importance. To prevent the development of school-related diseases, it is recommended to conduct examinations in advance, at preschool age. This poses a challenge to public health practitioners to choose between international or regional standards for the assessment of physical development. Objective. To compare the results of applying international and regional standards for assessing the physical development of preschool children. Patients and methods. This cross-sectional study included 1716 children aged 2 to 7 years living in Samara. Physical development was assessed using the WHO Z-score standards and regional regression scales. Results. Comparison of the results revealed significant differences: regression scales were 13.3% more likely to detect short stature, 4.3% more likely to detect tall stature, and 6.5% more likely to detect underweight. The only indicator for which the regression scales were less likely to detect deviations from developmental reference ranges was overweight, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05) and was observed only when comparing the results in boys. Conclusion. For timely and effective assessment of child and adolescent health, it is advisable to establish regional standards of physical development. Key words: preschool age, children’s health, prevention, physical development

Th137Cs radionuclides, folate cycle and physical development of children living near the Chornobyl exclusion zone

The purpose of the study: to assess the impact of incorporated 137Cs radionuclides on the physical development of boys and girls living near the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, taking into account the state of the folate cycle and the MTHFR:C677T genetic polymorphism. Research methods: іnstrumental, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results: Within the framework of international projects, an assessment of physical development was carried out according to the Rohrer index (IR), the levels and relationship of incorporated 137Cs, vitamins B6, B9, B12, homocysteine (Hcy), allelic variants of the MTHFR:C677T genetic polymorphism were determined in 260 children aged 13-17 years old from Ivankivskyi and Polisskyi districts of the Kyiv region, bordering the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. It has been established that among the surveyed, the more proportion is the subgroup of adolescents with harmonious physical development (respectively, for boys - 70.40%, for girls - 65.93%). It was shown that boys and girls with disharmonious high physical development (respectively 15.20% and 25.19%) contained significantly less 137Cs radionuclides in their bodies, compared with children from the subgroups of harmonious and disharmonious low physical development. In the analyzed groups of boys and girls, an inverse correlation was recorded between the specific activity of 137Cs and the values of anthropometric indicators. The most pronounced inverse relationship between the specific activity of 137Cs and the values of mass, as well as body length and IR, was found in the subgroup of harmoniously developed girls. The subgroup of harmoniously developed boys differed from the subgroup of harmoniously developed girls by a higher specific activity of 137Cs in the body and a higher level of Hcy in the blood. The decrease in the level of Hcy in the blood of harmoniously developed girls, compared with harmoniously developed boys, may be associated with a higher level of vitamin B12 in the blood, as well as with a more intense functioning of the trans-sulfurization cycle. Comparative analysis showed that in the subgroup of girls with overweight, the proportion of cases of carriage of genotypes composed of neutral alleles of the C/C polymorphism MTHFR:677 is greater than in the subgroup of harmoniously developed girls. At the same time, a lower specific activity of 137Cs in their body was registered. It is concluded that incorporated 137Cs radionuclides cause a decrease in body weight in children living in the area affected by the accident at the Chоrnobyl nuclear power plant. At the same time, there is a metabolic disorder, in the form of an increase in the content of Hcy in the blood, more pronounced in boys. The process of incorporation of 137Cs radionuclides into the body of children may be associated with the T allele of the MTHFR:C677 polymorphism, which affects the activity of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.

Сравнительный анализ физического развития школьников и детей, профессионально занимающихся плаванием

Health of children and adolescents is an essential criterion of well-being of the society. Monitoring of health among children is impossible without assessment of physical development of children and adolescents. Individual-based analysis of anthropometric characteristics is required to develop personalized preventive activities. Considering different levels of physical load of schoolchildren in case of a disturbed nutritional status, an approach to body mass constituent study that deviates from the normal values requires examination. The study purpose was to assess physical development and component composition in schoolchildren during a medical examination and in children involved in classic swimming at a sports club in the city of Samara. The study object involved children studying at a general educational institution and not engaged in any sports sections (first group), and children involved in classic swimming at a sports club in Samara (second group. Significant differences in basic values of body composition were found during the conducted study of physical development and component composition of schoolchildren who do not go in for sports and junior athletes.