Assessment Of Physical Activity Level Research Articles

Levels and patterns of physical activity in stroke survivors with different ambulation status living in low-income areas of Cape Town, South Africa

ABSTRACT Background: Little is known about physical activity (PA) in people with stroke living in low-income areas. The aim of this study was to characterize and contrast the levels and patterns of PA between stroke survivors with different ambulation status living in low-income areas in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 45 community-dwelling stroke survivors living in low-income areas in Cape Town participated. Accelerometers (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) were used to assess PA levels (vector magnitude counts and number of steps) and time spent sedentary, in light and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Total daily PA and within-day activity patterns were compared between limited community ambulators (gait speed: <0.8 m/s) and community ambulators (gait speed: ≥0.8 m/s). Results: Limited community ambulators (n = 23) took fewer steps per day (1091 vs. 3524 steps, P < .001), spent more time sedentary (80% vs 68%, P = .002) and less time in light PA (18% vs 25%, P = .008) and MVPA (1% vs 5%, P < .001) than community ambulators (n = 22). The limited ambulation group had a consistent pattern of PA across the day without any significant variations in PA levels or intensity, whereas the unlimited ambulating group was most active in the morning followed by a gradual reduction in PA throughout the day. Conclusions: Community ambulating stroke survivors showed greater PA levels and a more variable diurnal pattern in contrast to the limited ambulation group. Different interventions may be required to assist the different groups to start engaging in health-enhancing PA.

Physical Activity in Older Adults: An Investigation in a Metropolitan Area of Southern Italy.

Physical activity (PA) and exercise are fundamental to maintaining health in older adults. World Health Organization guidelines state that older adults should practice at least 150 min/week of moderate/vigorous intensity PA to obtain health benefits. We assessed PA levels among older adults in southern Italy and evaluated possible associated determinants. The study was carried out between September and November 2019 in the metropolitan area of Bari. We collected information from participants over 65 years using a self-administered questionnaire. We investigated associations between sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and inactivity/PA levels. A total of 383 individuals completed the questionnaire. Mean body mass index indicated that 45.4% of participants were overweight. Mean time spent in PA was 476.2 ± 297.8 min/week, with women reporting lower levels than men (370.8 ± 210 vs. 555.2 ± 334.3 min/week, p = 0.08). Weekly sitting time was positively related to age. Attending religious or recreational activities was related to moderate PA. Educational level was positively associated with PA while dog ownership represented an obstacle to achieving recommended PA levels in our population. Participants generally met the recommended levels of PA, especially men; the educational level was the main determinant. Interventions aimed at promoting PA among older adults with lower education levels and women are needed in this setting.

Association Between Physical Activity Levels in the Hospital Setting and Hospital-Acquired Functional Decline in Elderly Patients

The effects of in-hospital physical activity (PA) on outcomes among elderly patients has seldom been assessed. To assess PA levels among elderly patients hospitalized for acute medical illness and to examine the association between PA levels and functional decline and other clinical outcomes at discharge. This monocentric cohort study was performed among patients 65 years or older who were admitted for acute medical illness to the internal medicine ward of Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland, from February 1 through November 30, 2018. Data were analyzed from January 1 through December 2, 2019. Daytime and 24-hour PA levels assessed via wrist accelerometers and measured in millig units (mG; 1 mG = 9.80665 × 10-3 m/s2). Functional decline (defined as a ≥5-point decrease in the modified Barthel Index), risk of bedsores, length of stay (LOS), and inability to return home. A total of 177 patients (106 [59.9%] men; median age, 83 [interquartile range, 74-87] years) were included. Lower mean (SD) PA levels were found in patients using walking aids before admission (daytime, 12 [5] vs 15 [7] mG; 24-hour, 10 [3] vs 11 [5] mG), those admitted for a reason associated with functional decline (daytime, 12 [6] vs 14 [7] mG; 24-hour, 10 [4] vs 11 [4] mG), or those prescribed physiotherapy (daytime, 12 [5] vs 15 [7] mG; 24-hour, 10 [4] vs 12 [5] mG). At discharge, functional decline was found in 63 patients (35.6%; 95% CI, 25.6%-43.1%), bedsore risk in 78 (44.1%; 95% CI, 36.6%-51.7%), and inability to return home in 82 (46.3%; 95% CI, 38.8%-54.0%). After multivariate analysis, no association was found between PA levels and functional decline (multivariable-adjusted mean [SE], 13 [1] vs 13 [1] mG for daytime levels [P = .69] and 10 [1] vs 11 [1] mG for 24-hour PA levels [P = .45]) or LOS (Spearman rank correlation, ρ = -0.06 for daytime PA levels [P = .93] and -0.01 for 24-hour PA levels [P = .52]). Patients at risk of bedsores had significantly lower PA levels than those not at risk (multivariable-adjusted mean [SE], 12 [1] vs 15 [1] mG for daytime PA levels [P = .008]; 10 [1] vs 12 [1] mG for 24-hour PA levels [P = .01]). Patients able to return home had significantly higher PA levels than those institutionalized (multivariable-adjusted mean [SE], 14 [1] vs 12 [1] mG for daytime PA levels [P = .04]; 11 [1] vs 10 [1] mG for 24-hour PA levels [P = .009]). In this study, lower in-hospital daytime and 24-hour PA levels were associated with risk of bedsores and inability to return home on discharge. These findings are important given that one-third of elderly patients present with hospital-acquired functional decline.

An Observational Assessment of Physical Activity Levels and Social Behavior During Residential Summer Camp Unstructured Time.

To evaluate children's physical activity (PA) levels, social play behavior, activity time, and social interactions during unstructured time. Systematic observation tool to record child's PA level, social group size, activity type, and social interaction during play. Northeast US residential summer camp, pseudonym Forest Hills Camp. Fifty-nine third-grade campers (27 males and 32 females). Observational data were obtained using the System for Observing Children's Activity and Relationships during Play (SOCARP). Data were analyzed using independent samples t tests (with Bonferroni adjustment) to assess statistical differences between boys and girls SOCARP categories. Both boys and girls spend over 50% of their time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Statistically significant differences between genders were observed: activity level-(a) girls sat more than boys, and (2) boys engaged in more vigorous activity; activity type-(1) boys engaged in more sport activity, girls engaged in more locomotion activity, and girls were more sedentary; and social interactions-(1) boys had more physical conflict, and (2) boys had more verbal conflict. Contrary to previous research suggesting that summer campers have increased sedentary behavior during unstructured time, our results indicate that third-grade campers engaged in MVPA over 50% of their unstructured time. This suggests that unstructured time in outdoor camp settings may provide valuable opportunities for adolescent children to choose PA.

Physical activity and perceived stress at work in university workers: a cross-sectional study.

Previous research has suggested high levels of physical activity (PA), either in occupational or leisure-time, to be associated with low levels of perceived stress at work (PSW). However, because studies have been set in particular conditions, there is no possibility to generalize results on other populations of workers. This study investigated the association between PA and PSW in university workers. University employees (N.=757) aged from 26 to 65 years (47% female) at a large public Spanish university. Data were collected between January 2017 and December 2017. Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS) questionnaire and a single-item scale were used to assess PA levels and PSW. Associations were examined through an adjusted logistic regression. Results showed the strongest association between high PSW and low PA levels after adjusting for age, gender and profession (odds ratio [OR] 2.60, 95% CI: 1.44-3.68). Around half of the employees (51.9%) performed at least 150 minutes of PA per week, which is higher than in most other Spanish and European worker populations. Adequately high levels of PA may be beneficial for stress management in university workers as previously seen in other types of workers. Promoting PA strategies at the workplace could improve the working environment and the health of the workers.

Does having a pet influence the physical activity of their young female owners?

BackgroundMany studies have shown that having a dog has an impact on the increase in physical activity (PA) of people. However, what is often not taken into account in many such studies is owning of other pets. The aim of this study was to compare PA levels between animal owners and non-owners and to research potential differences between owners of different kinds of animals.Method111 young females of mean age 21 ± 1.2 years enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Czech version of short International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess PA level, supplemented with a question about whether they owned an animal and what kind.ResultsPeople who owned a pet had higher frequency and duration of moderate physical activity (MPA) and spent more MET/min/wk. (p < 0.05). This difference has projected into total PA duration and also into calories burned in a week. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference between subgroups of animal owners was also confirmed for MPA and total PA in favour of horse owners.ConclusionsAnimal owners generally reported higher PA levels compared to people who do not own any pets. However, similarly significant in this particular age group was the kind of animal these young women owned.

Relationship between the Knowledge of Benefit of Physical Activity and Physical Activity Level among Individuals with Asthma in Kano State, Nigeria

Background: Regular physical activity is an important factor in the promotion of health and quality of life among individuals with asthma. There is a dearth of information on the relationship between knowledge of benefit of physical activity and physical activity level among individuals with asthma in Kano State, Nigeria. Aim: To determine the relationship between the knowledge of benefit of physical activity and physical activity level among individuals with asthma in Kano State, Nigeria. Methodology: Seventy-four (74) participants were recruited from two selected hospitals in Kano State in a cross sectional study. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short Form and Knowledge Questionnaire were used to collect information on self-reported physical activity in the last 7 days and level of knowledge of benefit of physical activity respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data and Spearman Rank Correlation test were used to analyze the data at alpha level of 0.05. Results: A positive relationship existed between overall knowledge of benefit of physical activity and physical activity level among the participants. The majority of the participants were males 43 (58.1%). About 41 (55.4%) were in the age group of 18-35 years, most of them 32 (43.2%) were married. Knowledge assessment showed that 56(75.7%) of them had low knowledge of benefit of physical activity. Physical activity level assessment revealed that 39(52.7%) had low physical activity level. Negative relationship was observed between knowledge of benefit of physical activity and all socio-demographic studied (age, gender, marital status, tribe, education and occupation). A positive correlation existed between physical activity level and socio demographic variables (age, gender, marital status and tribe) except that a negative correlation was observed only between physical activity level with education and occupation. Conclusion: Knowledge of benefit of physical activity correlates positively with physical activity level among individuals with asthma in Kano State. Study population had low physical activity and low knowledge of benefit of physical activity. Key words: Physical activity, Asthma, Knowledge of benefit of physical activity.

How Active Are People With Stroke? Assessment of Physical Activity Level

How Active Are People With Stroke? Assessment of Physical Activity Level

Assessment of physical activity level among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending rural health centre, Marappadi

Background: Insufficient physical activity is one of the ten leading risk factors for death among patients with Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes mellitus worldwide. Globally, one in four adults is not physically active. More than 80% of the world's adolescent population is insufficiently physically active. Physical inactivity is very common in India with a prevalence of 54.4%. Lack of knowledge regarding physical activity leads to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes which in turn can lead to death and disability.Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed to be diabetic visiting the Out Patient Department of Rural Health Centre Marappadi. Convenient sampling was used and the study was conducted from January 2017 to June 2018 using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire.Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.00±8.747 years. Patients aged 60 years and above had a lower physical activity level. In the older age group, low physical activity was associated with obesity. Adequate motivation was found to be reason for high physical activity level in patients (60.0%).Conclusions: The physical activity levels of the diabetic patients were unsatisfactory especially in the elderly. Low physical activity was associated with poor glycaemic control in the older age group. There is a need to encourage diabetic patients to undertake regular physical activity in order to achieve good health and well-being, optimal glycaemic control and to prevent diabetic complications.

Assessment of Physical Activity Levels and Quality of Life in Women Suffering from Breast Cancer

A wealth of evidence suggests exercise as a complementary therapy for breast cancer (BC), by reducing the expression of oncogenes and atrophy genes, inducing antioxidant defense pathways and helping combat chronic inflammation. However, exercise appears not to be adequately incorporated in the therapeutic strategy of cancer. PURPOSE: This study assessed the physical activity (PA) levels and quality of life (QoL) of women under different BC treatment strategies and compared them with those of age-matched healthy females. METHODS: 141 women were recruited, 76 women with BC under chemotherapy or radiotherapy (age: 53.3 yrs, height: 1.61m, mass: 71.3kg, BMI: 26.7 kg/m2) and 65 healthy women who served as control group (age: 49.6 yrs, height: 1.65m, mass: 69.0kg, BMI: 25.3 kg/m2). Levels of PA were self-estimated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and QoL with the SF-36 Health Survey questionnaire. RESULTS: All BC women refrained from high-intensity PA, while 49.30% of the control group participated in high-intensity PA. However, 50.55% of women under radiotherapy, 44.43% under chemotherapy and 35.70% of women subjected to both therapies participated in moderate-intensity PA. They selected brisk walking as the preferred form of PA by 87.33%, 90% and 83.50%, respectively. In the control group, 50.70% of the individuals participated in moderate-intensity PA and 98.40% of them used to walk. Moreover, BC patients accumulated 8-10,3 h per day of sedentary lifestyle in contrast with the control group that spent 2 h per day sitting. When BC patients estimated their QoL, 15.30% of them assessed it as excellent, 60% as very good, 23.07% as average and 1.50% as poor. Similarly, 10.30%, 55.17%, 29.30% and 3.40% of the control group evaluated their QoL as excellent, very good, average and poor, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that BC patients didn’t engage in high-intensity PA, however they estimated their QoL as very good. PA levels of moderate-intensity were similar in the two groups, indicating that BC patients were willing to exercise but refrained from doing more intense activities, possibly because of their cancer-related fatigue. Moreover, patients subjected to both therapies exhibited lower rates of PA, potentially due to the overall burden of the therapeutic intervention.

Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the Rapid Assessment Of Physical Activity

Measuring physical activity (PA) is a challenge especially with lack of validated questionnaires for specific populations such as Arabic population. Rapid Assessment Physical Activity (RAPA) is an easy to administer, valid and reliable measure. However, this questionnaire is in English and has not been translated or culturally adapted for Arabic speakers. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to cross-culturally adapt the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) for Arabic speaking people and examine the test-retest reliability and the construct validity in Saudi older adults. METHODS: A total of 46 older adults (67% male, mean age 71 ± 5 years) were included in this study. The original RAPA was translated into Arabic following standardized guidelines including the following steps: forward translation, synthesis of the translation, backward translation, expert committee and testing the pre-final version. Test-retest reliability was assessed over two testing visits occurring one week apart, and analyzed using weighted Kappa (K). The construct validity between RAPA and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) was examined by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A weighted K value of > 0.7 for the reliability and a value of greater than or equal to 0.3 for the construct validity were considered acceptable for physical activity measurements. RESULTS: Data from the RAPA shows, about 9 (19.6%) of participants were categorized as sedentary, 12 (26%) as underactive, 7 (15%) as regular underactive, 13 (28%) as regular underactive, 5 (11%) as regular active. About half of the subjects (52%) reported that they did not participate in flexibility or strength activities. For the test-retest reliability, the weighted K was 0.87 (95% CI=0.76-0.98), which indicates very good reliability. There was a significant correlation between the Arabic version of RAPA and the SPPB (Spearman p = 0.536, P < 0.001), and the TUG test (Spearman p = -0.435, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The Arabic version of the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity questionnaire adapted for Saudi older adults provides an easy, valid and reliable way to measure physical activity. Researchers in Saudi Arabia can use this questionnaire to quickly assess PA levels because of short time required to complete and its suitability to the Saudi culture.

Predictors of self-reported physical activity level in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain

Background: Physical activity (PA) and exercise is recommended in clinical guidelines for the maintenance of good health status and management of Non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). At present, no study has evaluated the predictive factors of self-reported PA level among patients with NSCLBP. This study sought to determine the predictors of self-reported PA level among patients with NSCLBP. Methods: This cross-sectional survey involved 57 participants conveniently recruited from the physiotherapy department of a tertiary hospital. Four self-administered questionnaires: A structured socio-demographic data questionnaire, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Modified Assessing Levels of Physical Activity (ALPHA) environmental questionnaire and long form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize data in the frequency and percentage tables. A step-wise multiple regressions were used to determine the predictors of the four domains of PA (job-related (JRPA), transport—related (TRPA), domestic/garden-related (DGPA) and leisure time-related (LTPA)). Alpha level was set at p<0.05. Results: Males had a higher JRPA, TRPA and LTPA. Females had a higher DGPA. The socio-demographic, clinical and environmental variables assessed in the study were only able to account for 45.9%, 60.6%, 97% and 60.7% of the variance in JRPA, TRPA, DGPA and LTPA domains respectively. Conclusion: PA level of NSCLBP patients were moderately high and predicted by some socio-demographic, clinical and perceived environmental variables. More emphasis should be placed on the assessment of these selected variables to improve on the management of NSCLBP and thus obtain optimum outcome.

Assessment of physical activity level and behavioral change in medical university students

Assessment of physical activity level and behavioral change in medical university students

Impact Of Physical Activity On N-glycan Profile In Older Adults

The biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity (PA) on prevention of chronic diseases are not fully understood. It is currently suggested that N-linked enzymatic glycosylation, a post-translational modification modulating the biological function of several proteins, may contribute to disease development. Nevertheless, the influence of PA on N-glycans in humans has never been explored. PURPOSE: To explore serum N-glycan profile in a sample of community-dwelling older women with different objectively assessed PA levels and metabolic risk status. METHODS: Components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and serum N-glycans analyzed using DSA-FACE technology were assessed in 109 older community-dwelling women (65-70 yrs). Ten peaks, each representing a unique N-glycan structure were detected. Adherence to PA guidelines was determined using accelerometry. Participants daily engaged in 30 minutes of MVPA were classified as meeting PA guidelines. RESULTS: Significant differences in N-glycan peaks were indicated when comparing women adhering to the PA guideline to those less active: when adjusted by MetS, a 12% (p = 0.006) and a 13% (p = 0.004) lower level of NA3 (peak 8) and NA4 (peak 10), respectively, were evident among the physically active women compared to those less active. In contrast to findings based on the MVPA threshold, no differences in N-glycan peaks were observed between PA groups when based on the lower intensity threshold, which may indicate that the influence on N-glycan levels by PA is intensity-sensitive. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to PA guidelines is related to a favorable N-glycan profile, regardless of metabolic risk status. This proposed effect on N-glycans only occurs above the moderate PA-intensity threshold. Our findings support the promotion of a physically active lifestyle as a supporting non-pharmacological public health approach.

Sarcopenia in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors.

The prevalence of sarcopenia in rheumatic diseases has been evaluated in single diseases using various diagnostic approaches, generating conflicting data on the pathogenetic mechanism(s). Herein, we evaluated both muscle mass index (MMI) and muscle strength to assess sarcopenia and presarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Moreover, we evaluated the possible impact of disease/patient-related characteristics, therapeutic regimens, and nutritional aspects on sarcopenia. The present study included 168 patients of both genders, aged 40–75 years. All patients underwent a nutritional evaluation, physical activity level assessment, rheumatologic evaluation, and an MMI and muscle strength assessment. The prevalence of sarcopenia was about 20% in all the three rheumatologic diseases, whereas presarcopenia was significantly different in RA, PsA and AS (p = 0.006). At multivariate analysis, only age ≥60 years and the presence of a disability were associated with a significantly increased risk of sarcopenia (p = 0.006 and p = 0.01, respectively), while a higher C-reactive protein did not reach statistical significance. Sarcopenia is similar in RA, PsA and AS, whereas presarcopenia significantly differs in these three diseases. Disease activity/inflammation and nutritional aspects do not influence sarcopenia, while age ≥60 years and the presence of a disability significantly increase the risk of sarcopenia.

Low Levels of Physical Activity Among Older Persons Living with HIV/AIDS Are Associated with Poor Physical Function.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has prolonged lives of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), resulting in greater incidence of aging-related diseases and disability. Physical activity (PA) is recommended for healthy aging, but little is known about PA in older PLWHA. The purpose of this study was to objectively assess PA levels in older PLWHA and the associations with physical function. Twenty-one PLWHA, ≥50 years old, on ART with undetectable HIV-1 viral loads, wore an accelerometer to assess PA, including number of steps, activity intensity, and energy expenditure over 7 days. A physical function performance battery assessing aerobic capacity, strength, and gait speed was also completed. Average age was 66, and 67% were male. An average of 3,442 (interquartile range: 4,613) steps were walked daily, with 254.9 kcals expended. Participants spent most waking hours (75%) sedentary, with minimal hours (24%) in light-intensity activity. Only 5 min per day (35 min per week), on average, were spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Maximal gait speed and 6-min walk test significantly correlated (p < .05) with all PA outcomes. Usual gait speed significantly correlated with all PA outcomes, except for daily kcals and light-intensity activity. Greater PA was associated with better physical performance, while high sedentary time was associated with poorer performance. To our knowledge, this is the first study to objectively measure PA in older PLWHA. Our findings indicate that older PLWHA accumulate substantial sedentary time. Most (86%) do not achieve recommended MVPA levels. This activity profile was associated with poor physical function. Providers should promote PA among PLWHA.

Inactivity and Its Associated Factors in Adults Scheduled for Noncardiac Surgery: The PAMP Phase I Study

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and its associated factors in adult patients admitted to hospital for noncardiac surgery. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Five hundred able-bodied patients (age ≥45 years) admitted to hospital, also participants in the VISION study, were recruited before noncardiac surgery. The physical activity level (PAL) was assessed with the International Physical of Activity Questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between a number of predetermined factors and physical inactivity. Findings: Overall, 59.8% were inactive. Factors associated with inactivity included age, assistance with activities of daily living, and insulin-dependent diabetes. Conclusion: A substantial number of patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery are inactive. Elderly patients, those needing assistance, and those with long-lasting diabetes may benefit from PAL assessment before surgery. Clinical Relevance: Healthcare providers should identify PALs and monitor for known risk factors to prepare patients for surgical procedures.

Ecological correlates of Spanish preschoolers’ physical activity during school recess

Early childhood education (ECE) institutions may be one place for young children to obtain a significant proportion of their daily physical activity (PA). Even though young children are generally considered to be very active, and recess time is considered an important environmental factor for promoting PA, evidence suggests that young children spend most recess time participating in sedentary activities. To our knowledge there have been no systematic evaluations of the PA levels and patterns during recess time in Spanish preschool children. Therefore, the aims of this study were threefold: (a) to analyse the PA patterns and sedentary behaviour during recess time in outdoor ECE environments through accelerometry and systematic observation in a sample of Spanish preschool children; (b) to validate the use of the Observational System for Recording Activity in Children – Preschool (OSRAC-P) to assess PA levels, using accelerometry as the reference method; and (c) to evaluate personal, psychosocial and environmental correlates of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour in young children during recess. Our major findings were that: (a) young children engaged in very little MVPA during recess; (b) boys were significantly more active than girls; (c) younger preschoolers were more active than older preschoolers; (d) social interaction was a positive predictor of MVPA levels; and (e) direct observation through OSRAC-P is a reliable system to characterize PA patterns in young children. These findings indicate the need to increase MVPA in ECE institutions during break-times and have implications for the ECE community, especially for practitioners, preservice practitioners and health professionals.

Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Are Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults With Prediabetes: The PREVIEW Study.

The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the association among physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and cardiometabolic risk in adults with prediabetes. Participants (n = 2,326; 25-70 years old, 67% female) from eight countries, with a BMI >25 kg ⋅ m-2 and impaired fasting glucose (5.6-6.9 mmol ⋅ L-1) or impaired glucose tolerance (7.8-11.0 mmol ⋅ L-1 at 2 h), participated. Seven-day accelerometry objectively assessed PA levels and ST. Multiple linear regression revealed that moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was negatively associated with HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (standardized β = -0.078 [95% CI -0.128, -0.027]), waist circumference (WC) (β = -0.177 [-0.122, -0.134]), fasting insulin (β = -0.115 [-0.158, -0.072]), 2-h glucose (β = -0.069 [-0.112, -0.025]), triglycerides (β = -0.091 [-0.138, -0.044]), and CRP (β = -0.086 [-0.127, -0.045]). ST was positively associated with HOMA-IR (β = 0.175 [0.114, 0.236]), WC (β = 0.215 [0.026, 0.131]), fasting insulin (β = 0.155 [0.092, 0.219]), triglycerides (β = 0.106 [0.052, 0.16]), CRP (β = 0.106 [0.39, 0.172]), systolic blood pressure (BP) (β = 0.078 [0.026, 0.131]), and diastolic BP (β = 0.106 [0.39, -0.172]). Associations reported between total PA (counts ⋅ min-1), and all risk factors were comparable or stronger than for MVPA: HOMA-IR (β = -0.151 [-0.194, -0.107]), WC (β = -0.179 [-0.224, -0.134]), fasting insulin (β = -0.139 [-0.183, -0.096]), 2-h glucose (β = -0.088 [-0.131, -0.045]), triglycerides (β = -0.117 [-0.162, -0.071]), and CRP (β = -0.104 [-0.146, -0.062]). In adults with prediabetes, objectively measured PA and ST were associated with cardiometabolic risk markers. Total PA was at least as strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk markers as MVPA, which may imply that the accumulation of total PA over the day is as important as achieving the intensity of MVPA.

The association between childhood fractures and adolescence bone outcomes: a population-based study, the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures.

Childhood fracture may be an early marker of skeletal fragility, or increased levels of physical activity (PA), which are beneficial for bone mineral accrual. This study investigated the association between a previous history of childhood fracture and adolescent bone mineral outcomes by various PA levels. We recruited 469 girls and 492 boys aged 15-18years to this study. We assessed PA levels by questionnaire and measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at arm, femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH), and total body (TB) and calculated bone mineral apparent density (BMAD, g/cm3). Fractures from birth to time of DXA measurements were retrospectively recorded. We analyzed differences among participants with and without fractures using independent sample t test. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between fractures and aBMD and BMC measurements according to adolescent PA. Girls with and without a previous history of fracture had similar BMC, aBMD, and BMAD at all sites. In multiple regression analyses stratified by physical activity intensity (PAi), there was a significant negative association between fracture and aBMD-TH and BMC-FN yet only in girls reporting low PAi. There was a significant negative association between forearm fractures, BMAD-FN, and BMAD-arm among vigorously active boys. Our findings indicate a negative association between childhood fractures and aBMD/BMC in adolescent girls reporting low PAi. In boys, such an association appears only in vigorously active participants with a history of forearm fractures.