Assessment Of Personality Traits Research Articles

Commercial laying hens exhibit long-term consistent individual differences and behavioural syndromes in spatial traits.

Past research has supported the importance of animal personalities for the productivity and welfare of farm animals. However, current assessments of personality traits are commonly conducted over short periods using standardized assays and may not reflect all important aspects of behaviours in commercial settings throughout the production period. This study aimed to evaluate consistent behavioural differences between 194 commercial laying hens within an aviary across most of the production period (eight months). We used five spatial behaviours related to various aspects of commercial hens' daily routine, including the sleeping, feeding, nesting, indoor movements and outdoor usage. All behaviours were repeatable over time and across contexts, with consistent differences between individuals explaining between 23% and 66% of the variation. These long-term consistencies revealed the potential applicability of the behaviours as personality traits of commercial hens. Moreover, we identified behavioural syndromes comprising all behaviours except the nesting-related behaviour, indicating two axes of spatial personalities that may be driven by different mechanisms. We discussed the significance of such individual differences in using personality traits to breed more resilient farm animals. Future research should evaluate associations of these behaviours with animal welfare and productivity to inform breeding efforts.

Trait and symptom change in group cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety and depression.

Personality traits underlying both anxiety disorders and depression are more malleable than previously presumed. This study examined associations between changes in personality traits (i.e. negative affectivity and detachment) and alleviation of anxiety and depression symptoms following cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). We hypothesized that decreases in negative affectivity would predict alleviation of depression and anxiety symptoms and decreases in detachment would predict decreases in depression and, to a lesser degree, anxiety symptoms. Data (N = 156) were collected in a randomized controlled trial comparing transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific group CBT for patients with major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder or agoraphobia. We assessed personality traits using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and symptoms with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25-item scale (SCL). Prediction was based on regression analyses. We found that decreases in negative affectivity predicted lower levels of depression and anxiety symptoms while decreases in detachment only predicted lower levels of depression symptoms. The findings substantiate current efforts to explicate the dynamic interplay between personality traits and symptoms and support the existing focus on targeting negative affectivity and detachment in therapy for anxiety disorders and depression. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID NCT02954731).

Network analysis of the associations between personality traits, cognitive functioning, and inflammatory markers in elderly individuals without dementia.

Lower cognitive functioning in old age has been associated with personality traits or systemic inflammatory markers. Associations have also been found between personality traits and inflammatory markers. However, no study has explored the inter-relationships between these three components simultaneously. The present study aims to better understand the inter-relationships among personality traits, inflammatory markers, and cognitive performance in elderly individuals without dementia. This study utilizes a network analysis approach, a statistical method that allows visualization of the data's unique pairwise associations. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 720 elderly individuals without dementia, using data from Colaus|PsyColaus, a population-based study conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. The Revised NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-R) was used to assess personality traits, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as peripheral inflammatory markers. Cognitive domains were investigated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Verbal Fluency Test, the Stroop Test, the DO40, and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding (FCSR) test. Openness was associated with verbal fluency and Agreeableness with immediate free recall. In contrast, no association between inflammatory markers and personality traits or cognition was identified. In elderly individuals without dementia, a high level of Openness or Agreeableness was associated with executive functioning/semantic memory and episodic memory, respectively.

Personality traits and perceived cognitive function in lebanese healthcare professionals

BackgroundThe healthcare field, a well-known field associated with variety of stressors, leaves healthcare professionals at an increased risk of both physical and mental problems. COVID-19 pandemic has recently been added to the stressful factors by endangering further the cognitive function of healthcare workers. On another hand, personality traits have been shown to have pervasive associations with functioning across various cognitive domains. Thus, this study aims to evaluate association between personality traits and perceived cognitive function among healthcare professionals in Lebanon during the collapsing period (following the severe economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and January 2022 enrolled 406 Lebanese participants using the convenience sampling technique for data collection. Healthcare professionals from all specialties who received the online link to the survey were eligible to participate. The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) and Fact Cog scale were used to assess personality traits and cognitive function.ResultsAfter adjustment over all variables (age, gender, household crowding index, physical activity index, marital status, profession and the other four personality traits), higher negative emotionality was significantly associated with a worse cognitive function, whereas more extroversion and conscientiousness were significantly associated with a better cognitive function.ConclusionOur study adds to the narrow body of research revolving around the relationship between personality traits and perceived cognitive function in Lebanese healthcare professionals during these hard times in Lebanon. These results show that the choice of these cognitive processes is strongly affected by different personality traits, such as extroversion, conscientiousness, and negative emotionality. This study encourages the need to conduct further research that assess the changes in cognition in life stressors along with personality traits.

The mediating effects of personality traits on the relationship of youth conduct problems and mood disorders with adulthood suicidality

Identifying the relevant factors for suicidality in individuals with conduct problems is a public health concern, especially if they were under the influence of mood disorders later in life. This study investigates the relationship between youth conduct problems and mood disorders and adulthood suicidality, and to further explore the mediating effects of personality on this relationship. A retrospective cohort study was administered to 308 individuals aged 20–65 years, with or without mood disorders diagnosed by psychiatrists. The Composite International Diagnosis Interview was used to evaluate conduct problems in youth and suicidality (i.e., suicide plan and suicide attempt) in the past year. Personality traits were assessed using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised for extraversion and neuroticism. Multiple-mediator analysis was used to investigate the mediation effects of personality traits on the relationship between conduct problems and suicidality. The average age of enrolled participants was 31.6 years, and 42.5% of them were female. 39.2% reported suicidality and 43.2% reported conduct problems in youth. Participants who were diagnosed with mood disorders (p < 0.001) and reported having conduct problems (p = 0.004) were associated with high suicidality. Multiple-mediator analysis showed that conduct problems in youth increased the risk of adulthood suicidality through the indirect effects of higher neuroticism (suicide plan: OR = 1.30, BCA 95% CI = 1.04–1.83; suicide attempt: OR = 1.27, BCA 95% CI = 1.05–1.66). Neuroticism mediates the association between youth conduct problems and adulthood suicidality. This finding raises our attention to assess personality traits in individuals with youth conduct problems for designing proper intervention strategies to reduce the risk of suicide.

Exploring effectiveness of CBT in obese patients with binge eating disorder: personality functioning is associated with clinically significant change

BackgroundBinge eating disorder (BED), as the most prevalent eating disorder, is strongly related to obesity and other somatic and psychiatric morbidity. Despite evidence-based treatments a considerable number of BED patients fail to recover. There is preliminary evidence for the association between psychodynamic personality functioning and personality traits on treatment outcome. However, research is limited and results are still contradictory. Identifying variables associated with treatment outcome could improve treatment programs. The aim of the study was to explore whether personality functioning or personality traits are associated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) outcome in obese female patients with BED or subthreshold BED.MethodsEating disorder symptoms and clinical variables were assessed in 168 obese female patients with DSM-5 BED or subthreshold BED, referred to a 6-month outpatient CBT program in a pre-post measurement design. Personality functioning was assessed by the Developmental Profile Inventory (DPI), personality traits by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Treatment outcome was assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) global score and self-reported binge eating frequency. According to the criteria of clinical significance, 140 treatment completers were categorized in four outcome groups (recovered, improved, unchanged, deteriorated).ResultsEDE-Q global scores, self-reported binge eating frequency and BMI significantly decreased during CBT, where 44.3% of patients showed clinically significant change in EDE-Q global score. Treatment outcome groups showed significant overall differences on the DPI Resistance and Dependence scales and the aggregated ‘neurotic’ scale. Significant overall differences were found between groups on TCI Harm avoidance, although post hoc t-tests were non-significant. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for mild to moderate depressive disorder and TCI harm avoidance showed that ‘neurotic’ personality functioning was a significant negative predictor of clinically significant change.ConclusionMaladaptive (‘neurotic’) personality functioning is significantly associated with a less favorable outcome after CBT in patients with binge eating. Moreover, ‘neurotic’ personality functioning is a predictor of clinically significant change. Assessment of personality functioning and personality traits could support indication for more specified or augmented care, tailored towards the patients’ individual strengths and vulnerabilities.Trial registrationThis study protocol was retrospectively evaluated and approved on 16-06-2022 by the Medical Ethical Review Committee (METC) of the Amsterdam Medical Centre (AMC). Reference number W22_219#22.271.

Personality traits among major depressive disorder in southern Thailand: a hospital-based case–control study

BackgroundResidual depression can cause functional impairment. This study aimed to assess personality traits among individuals with depression, to compare the results with personality traits found in outpatients without psychiatric disorders recruited from general practitioner settings, and to study the association between personality traits and the age-onset of depression, duration of treatment, and the presence of depressive residual symptoms.MethodsA case–control study surveyed Thai individuals with depression and outpatients without psychiatric disorders recruited from general practitioner settings at an outpatient clinic of Songklanagarind hospital, in 2022. The questionnaires were: (1) demographic data, (2) the PHQ-9 Thai version, and (3) the International Personality Item Pool-NEO (IPIP-NEO) Thai version. The difference between personality traits and the assigned clinical group were analyzed using the Student’s t-test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test. A generalized linear model was performed to examine differences of personality traits between the assigned clinical group (case–control), and the presence of depressive residual symptoms. The association between personality traits and treatment profiles was assessed by using an analysis of the variance test and the Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsIn regards to 73 individuals with depression in the case group, and 73 gender-and age-matched outpatients without psychiatric disorders recruited from general practitioner settings in the control group; 78.1% of cases and 82.2% of controls were female. Thirty-eight (52.1%) cases had depressive residual symptoms. Regarding the IPIP-NEO Thai version, there was a statistically significant difference in Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness domains between the case and the control groups. In comparison to the control group, the case group scored higher on the Neuroticism domain, and lower on the Extraversion and Conscientiousness domains. Every 0.18-point reduction in the Neuroticism score and every 0.09-point increment in regards to the Openness score were associated with a 1-year increment of age-onset of depression. This study found an association between a higher score of Neuroticism and a lower score of Conscientiousness with the presence of depressive residual symptoms.ConclusionDifferent personality profiles were found between individuals with depression and outpatients without psychiatric disorders recruited from general practitioner settings. Individuals with depressive residual symptoms featured a higher score of Neuroticism and a lower score of Conscientiousness. A higher score of Neuroticism and a lower score of Openness were associated with age-onset of depression, but no personality traits were associated with treatment duration.

Approximating defense mechanisms in a national study of adults: prevalence and correlates with functioning

Despite the clinical relevance of defense mechanisms, there are no published studies in nationally representative samples of their prevalence, correlates, and association with psychosocial functioning. We sought to estimate the prevalence and correlates of 12 defense mechanisms in the general adult population by approximating from items used to assess personality traits in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a representative sample of US adults (N = 36,653). We examined the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of 3 types of defenses mechanisms (pathological, immature, and neurotic). For each defense mechanism, we used the Short-Form 12 to compare psychosocial functioning among 3 groups: those who (1) endorsed the mechanism with self-recognized impairment, (2) endorsed the mechanism without self-recognized impairment, and (3) did not endorse the defense mechanism. The prevalence of defense mechanisms ranged from 13.2% (splitting) to 44.5% (obsessive/controlling behavior). Pathological defenses were more strongly associated with immature defenses (OR = 5.4, 95% CI = 5.2–5.6) than with neurotic defenses (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.9–2.0), whereas the association between immature and neurotic defenses had an intermediate value between the other two (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 2.1–2.2). Pathological and immature defenses were associated with younger age, having been never married, lower educational attainment, and lower income. After adjusting the crude results for age and sex, individuals who did not endorse a given defense generally had higher scores on the mental health component of the SF-12 than those who endorsed the defense without self-recognized impairment who, in turn, had on average higher scores than those with self-recognized impairment. These results suggest that neurotic, immature, and pathological defense mechanisms are prevalent in the general population and associated with psychosocial impairment. Recognizing defense mechanisms may be important in clinical practice regardless of treatment modality.

An Assessment of Personality Traits Based on Photos on Instagram.

This study analyses the accuracy assessment of personality traits based on photos on the Instagram social network. The theoretical starting point is the Realistic Accuracy Model based on the correct detection and interpretation of information about individuals. The research sample consisted of a group of participants who provided their Instagram profiles for assessment (N = 4) aged M = 23.0, SD = 1.63 and a group of independent assessors (N = 342; 258 women). The accuracy of the assessment was based on the assessors' consensus and the degree of agreement between assessors and the accuracy criterion. The highest assessor consensus was for extraversion, and the most accurately assessed traits were neuroticism and agreeableness - with women being more accurate in their assessments.

Ayahuasca and personality. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies with long-term participants (Ayahuasca y personalidad. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de estudios transversales con participantes de larga trayectoria)

ABSTRACT The current article is a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies that assess personality traits of long-term participants in ayahuasca rituals. An electronic search was conducted in the SCOPUS, PubMed and Web of Science databases. The systematic review included six final articles. In the meta-analysis, long-term ayahuasca participants, when compared with control groups, obtained: (i) lower significant scores for Harm Avoidance (g = −0.51), Anticipatory Worry (g = −0.56), Fear of Uncertainty (g = −0.27), Shyness with strangers (g = −0.41), Fatigability (g = −0.28) and Purposefulness (g = −0.27); (ii) higher significant scores for Reward Dependence (g = 0.34), Attachment (g = 0.40), Helpfulness (g = 0.38), Self-Transcendence (g = 0.91), Transpersonal Identification (g = 0.68) and Spiritual Acceptance (g = 1.02). The results show a ‘social’ and ‘spiritual’ profile for long-term ayahuasca participants that seems to concur with evidence from other psychedelic studies.

Assessment of Socio-economic Status and Personality Traits on Academic Performance of Second Year MBBS Students: A Cross-sectional Study from a Teaching Hospital of Eastern India

Introduction: The skill and quality of doctors largely depend on their academic performances. Examination scores of medical students can be impacted by their personality and Socioeconomic Status (SES). Identification of the effects of different personality traits and socioeconomic profile on the academic results of medical undergraduates can help to identify the vulnerable groups and consider possible support by counselling, financial aids and policy formulation. Aim: To assess the correlation of personality traits and SES with the academic performances of undergraduate medical student based on the marks scored in the second professional Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) examination. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study of 10 months duration from May 2017 to February 2018 was done on 143 students of sixth semester (Part I) of MBBS course, in a Government Medical College of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Participants filled up the Big Five Inventory (BFI) questionnaire that evaluates dimensions like extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness, and the Kuppuswamy’s SES scale form which considers education of the head of family, occupation of head and monthly family income. The examination marks were collected from the student’s section of the institution. Demographic parameters of the population like age, gender and religion were considered. Data was tabulated in MS Excel spreadsheet and a descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Any correlation of the study parameters with student’s academic performance was determined through statistical analysis using Spearman correlation coefficient and p≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the participants of the study (n=143), a mean age of 21.53 years was observed with male:female ratio of 2.04; about 87.41% of the students were Hindu while rest were Muslim. The results showed conscientiousness (r=0.1842) and neuroticism (r=0.1799) were correlated with total academic score as well as openness to pathology (r=0.1783) and forensic medicine (r=0.2362). Higher SES positively affected the results in microbiology (r=0.1698). Occupation of the head of the family was correlated positively with total marks (r=0.1677) and performances in microbiology (r=0.2256) and pathology (r=0.1919). Conclusion: Conscientious behaviour, an attitude of openness and even neuroticism, can contribute to better grades. Higher occupation of the head of the family may also contribute positively. Appropriate counselling to nurture beneficial personality traits and adequate guidance by mentors may help students achieve better academically.

Words Similarities on Personalities: A Language-Based Generalization Approach for Personality Factors Recognition

The evaluation of personality traits allows the study of human behavior in different environments, but it is not a trivial task. In this sense, the Five-Factor Model (FFM) allows, in a global way, the assessment of personality traits of individuals using textual data. However, there is a scarcity of lexical resources for languages other than English, which generated the main research question of this work: "Can models trained to predict FFM personality traits using English textual data show satisfactory results when applied to textual data in other languages?". Therefore, this work aims to answer: (i) Whether Word Embeddings techniques could be used to solve low resources languages problems in FFM personality traits prediction; and (ii) Whether is feasible to train a traditional Machine Learning algorithm with English language textual data and evaluate its performance with Brazilian Portuguese language textual data for FFM personality traits prediction. Thus, the work aims to present an approach in which the models can be used to learn the highest level of abstraction. As results, we observed that the difference in performance between the models trained for personality recognition in English is minimal when used to predict FFM personality traits in Brazilian Portuguese texts. In this task, the Stochastic Gradient Descent model presents the best average results among the FFM personality traits of the models analyzed.

Features of Temperament and Character in Families with Recurrent Depressive and Bipolar Affective Disorders

The research is devoted to the study of temperament and character characteristics in families with mood disorders (recurrent depressive disorder (RВВ) and bipolar affective disorder (BD)). Many temperament and character traits tend to aggregate in families and influence the risk of RDD and BD. At the same time, no studies have been conducted in the Russian population with an assessment of temperament and character traits depending on the presence of mood disorders in families. The hypothesis of the study: patients with mood disorders and their relatives have specific features of temperament and character. 36 probands with RDD and BD and 68 of their relatives were examined, as well as 23 probands without mood disorders and 53 of their relatives. A Cloninger&amp;apos;s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125) was used to assess personality traits. The results of the study showed that probands with mood disorders, in comparison with their relatives, had significantly higher scores on such TCI-125 dimensions as novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence. However, the main contribution to the identified differences was made by relatives without mood disorders. Probands with mood disorders had a higher score on the dimension of harm avoidance compared to healthy probands. In addition, a higher score on the novelty seeking dimension was associated with the absence of relatives with mood disorders when comparing healthy relatives of probands with mood disorders and healthy relatives of probands without mood disorders. It is concluded that there are specific temperament traits in families with mood disorders that can be considered as candidates for the endophenotypes of RDD and BD.

Resistance to Adversities in Teenagers, High School Students, and University Students

This research featured theoretical and practical approaches to resistance. Resistance to adversities is an important personality trait because it determines the strategy of behavior in various situations. Personal resilience requires a multidimensional assessment of personality traits, age profile, and solution strategies. The research objective was to identify and compare the trends in resistance in three age groups: teenagers, high school students, and university students. The authors developed a diagnostic complex to determine its component structure. The article describes behavioral patterns, socio-psychological adaptation, personal value orientations, life-meaning attitudes, and manifestations of subjectivity. The authors plan to design a program for the development of resistance in academic environment.

A borderline personality assessment for adolescents: Validity and reliability of the Chinese languages borderline personality features scale (short form version) for adolescents/children.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by behavioral patterns that promote suffering in many adolescents and their guardians. Currently, early diagnosis of BPD mainly depends on the effective assessment of pathological personality traits (i.e., borderline personality features) and using the indicated scales. The Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children-Short Form (BPFSC-SF) is widely used and the introduction of a Chinese version of the BPFSC-SF, can improve the diagnosis and prognosis of Chinese patients with BPD. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the BPFSC-SF. 120 adolescents with BPD were enrolled in the present study and completed the BPFSC-SF and the Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form (PBQ-SF) assessments. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test assessment validity. Test-retest correlations and the Cronbach's α coefficients were used to determine reliability. CFA analysis identified primary factors of BPFSC, with each item ranging from 0.597~0.899. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.877 between CL-BFSFC-SF and the state vs. trait loneliness scale. The Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.854 in the clinical group. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient (interclass correlation coefficients.ICC) was 0.937. The Chinese version of BPFSC-SF is a valid and reliable tool for adolescent Chinese patients with BPD.

Assessment of Personality Traits, Personality Model and University Systems to Enhance Entrepreneurial Intention in Ghana HEI Context

The paper contributes to the existing literature in assessing the contributions of Personality Traits, Personality Models, and University Systems that enhance entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) in Higher Education to produce entrepreneurial mindset graduates. Qualitative and Quantitative surveys conducted in 2018 and 2019 involved 568 and 400 students and faculty respectively from eight Ghanaian Universities. Face-to-face interviews and focused group discussions were employed. Data analysis was performed using Excel, Statistical Package for Social Sciences, and Smart Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model. The findings indicated that Locus of Control, Subjective Norms, and Need for Achievement sufficiently impacted EIs. University Culture, Leadership, and Institutional Structures also impacted EIs greatly. Time and resource constraints constituted a limitation of the study. Longitudinal research to ascertain graduates’ preparedness to remain entrepreneurs and not job seekers after graduation is recommended. Governments, Public Policymakers, and University leadership in higher education need to know the factors of personality traits, Personality Models, and University systems that enhance EIs in Universities for informed decisions to produce entrepreneurial mindset graduates.

Personality traits, oral health beliefs, and periodontal parameters in patients with periodontitis.

Recognising the construct of the Big Five personality factors with health beliefs could help in better evaluation of distinctive factors that may impact a patient's behavioural responses with reference to compliance to primary and secondary preventive measures in periodontitis. The aim of the present study is to explore association among the personality traits, oral health beliefs, and periodontal parameters in patients with periodontitis. The present single centred, cross-sectional study consists of 118 systemically healthy participants with Generalised Periodontitis: stage II and III with grade B. NEO-FFI-3 instrument was applied to assess personality traits (Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness to experience (O), Agreeableness (A), and Conscientiousness(C). The Oral Health Belief Questionnaire was administered to determine five oral health beliefs namely-: 1) perceived seriousness (PS), 2) benefit of preventative practices (BPP), 3) benefit of plaque control (BPC), 4) efficacy of clinicians (EC), and 5) perceived importance (I). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that BPP and BPC are inversely correlated with N. EC is positively correlated with the personality traits O, A, and C whereas it is inversely correlated with N. Binomial logistic regression showed that the predictor 'very low' and 'low' levels of C are positive and significant of CAL (clinical attachment loss) =4.89mm (b=1.90, 1.55 SE= 0.70, 0.72, p=0.007, 0.033) with odds ratio (OR=6.73(95%CI=1.68-26.95), and 4.75(95%CI= 1.13-19.83). Intensity of an individual's perception of benefits of clinicians in achieving dental health is directly correlated with levels of C. Trends of higher odds ratio for CAL were observed with decreasing level of C.

Personality traits affect anticipatory stress vulnerability and coping effectiveness in occupational critical care situations

The present study aimed at investigating the influence of personality on both anticipatory stress vulnerability and the effectiveness of coping strategies in an occupational stressful context. Following assessment of individual personality traits (Big Five Inventory), 147 volunteers were exposed to the anticipation of a stressful event. Anxiety and cardiac reactivity were assessed as markers of vulnerability to anticipatory stress. Participants were then randomly assigned to three groups and subjected to a 5-min intervention: relaxation breathing, relaxation breathing combined with cardiac biofeedback, and control. The effectiveness of coping interventions was determined through the cardiac coherence score achieved during the intervention. Higher neuroticism was associated with higher anticipatory stress vulnerability, whereas higher conscientiousness and extraversion were related to lower anticipatory stress vulnerability. Relaxation breathing and biofeedback coping interventions contributed to improve the cardiac coherence in all participants, albeit with greater effectiveness in individuals presenting higher score of openness to experience. The present findings demonstrated that personality traits are related to both anticipatory stress vulnerability and effectiveness of coping interventions. These results bring new insights into practical guidelines for stress prevention by considering personality traits. Specific practical applications for health professionals, who are likely to manage stressful situations daily, are discussed.

Association between the Big Five personality traits and medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study.

The correlation between personality traits and health outcomes of primary prevention has been examined. However, there is a lack of evidence on the association between the assessment of personality traits and medication adherence for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Thus, this study aimed to explore the association between personality traits and medication adherence, including compliance to prescribed medications and attitudes toward taking medications among patients with cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study included patients hospitalized for cardiovascular disease. We assessed the Big Five personality traits (conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion, and agreeableness) of each patient at discharge using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. In addition, we evaluated four aspects of medication adherence using a 12-item version of the medication adherence scale: medication compliance, collaboration with health care providers, willingness to access and use information on medication, and acceptance to take medication. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the correlation between the level of each medication adherence domain and each personality trait. The data of 128 patients with cardiovascular disease were analyzed. Higher conscientiousness score was significantly associated with a high compliance score (odds ratio per 1 point increase, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.79; p = 0.001), high collaboration score (1.90; 1.31-2.76; p = 0.001), and high willingness score (1.74; 1.19-2.54; p = 0.004) after adjustment for potential confounders. Other combinations of personality traits and medication adherence showed no statistically significant correlations in multivariate analyses. The findings of this study suggest that assessment of personality traits, especially conscientiousness, may facilitate patient-medical staff communication for the improvement of medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease.

SOCIAL-COGNITIVE DETERMINANTS OF MANAGERIAL SUCCESS: A REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES

Determining the necessary skills to meet present and future priorities and assessing resources of managerial activity are the fundamental directions of strategic staff planning in civil service. The necessity of studying cognitive and personal determinants of success in managerial activity is becoming even more urgent insofar as it concerns processes inextricably connected with the person performing it and their qualities and methods of action. It seems important to assess the cognitive styles that significantly influence managerial activity and mediate the influence of a number of other psychosocial variables. In connection with this, the purpose of this study is the theoretical analysis of technologies and methods for studying the features of the social-cognitive domain of managers in the public administration system and its relationship with their managerial success. The least studied here, yet no less significant, are cognitive determinants directly related to personality traits, a subject which is also illuminated in the results obtained in the course of the theoretical analysis, analytical synthesis, analytic induction, typology, and generalization of more than 60 scientific articles from domestic and international researchers. The result is also an analysis and systematization of productive approaches and methods for studying the features of the social-cognitive domain and an assessment of their influence on managerial and career achievements, which has become the grounds for describing the main social-cognitive antecedents that affect managerial success and substantiating the typology of leaders’ subjective managerial conceptions, based on which it is possible to develop programs for their individual development. The study and assessment of cognitive personality traits have significance concerning the search for factors that contribute to strategic change.