Assessment Of Morphological Traits Research Articles

Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Quantitative Traits of Chickpea Genotypes

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important pulse crop providing the livelihood to farmers. India is one of the topmost countries in chickpea production followed by middle-east. Assessment of morphological traits and their genetic diversity will help in increasing production of chickpea. A comprehensive evaluation of 44 distinct chickpea genotypes was conducted during 2020-21 Rabi season at RLBCAU, Jhansi. Utilizing Tocher's method and D2 values, the studied genotypes were meticulously organized into nine non-overlapping clusters, with cluster (I) comprising the most, featuring 17 genotypes, followed by cluster (II) with 12 genotypes. Significant genetic diversity was evident, especially between clusters (IV) and (VI) (2710.13) followed by (V) and (VI) (2565.51), highlighting the diversity among these genotypes. Key contributors to this divergence were 100-seed weight (48.8%), number of secondary branches per plant (26.5%), and seed yield per plant (9%). Cluster (VIII) exhibited higher mean values for days to maturity (140.57), while cluster (VII) had elevated values for the number of pods per plant (84.61). Genotypes like Phule G 171105, RVSSG 81, RLBG 6, GL-16063, and RKG 19-2 emerged as potential contributors to future breeding programs, promising significant hybrid vigour and superior heterotic segregants to advance chickpea genetics.

Analysis of physiological mechanisms of adaptation and resilience of winter wheat accession of different geographical origin

The aim of the study: Analyzing the role of morphotype traits, physiological reactions in adaptation to the conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine by studying a wide set of winter wheat collection accessions and identifying valuable samples for further involving them in the local breeding program.
 Materials and methods: The article contains the results of the research of 318 samples of winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin from 27 countries according to the complex of morphological traits and physiological reactions to the environmental conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine in the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 growing years. A field evaluation (visual score) was carried out at next parameters: evaluation of the state of plants before wintering; assessment of winter hardiness; assessment of the speed of plant regeneration in the spring; fixation of the earing date; assessment damage by foliar diseases. An assessment of morphological traits was carried out in accordance with the methodology for the examination of varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for DUS-test recommended by UPOV and the State Service, the methodology of physiological research in breeding from CIMMYT and the methodology for the selection of winter-hardy wheat genotypes.
 Discussion of the results: Significant variation was found for all studied traits. Analysis of temperature indicators in recent years indicates changes in the passage of the autumn and winter periods of wheat vegetation in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The weather conditions of both years of the study were generally favorable for the overwintering of winter wheat plants. It is worth noting that the overwintering conditions in the 2021-2022 vegetation year were somewhat more difficult, wheat plants were more exhausted due to the presence of sudden temperature increases and decreases. It has been studying, what important for the wheat plants adaptation to the weather conditions is not only frost resistance, but also winter resistance in combination with a high level of growth in the initial stages and good regeneration at the spring period. A correlation was established between the traits of field winter resistance and the intensity of growth in the autumn period (r=0.653) and with the regenerative capacity of plants in the spring period (r=0.835).
 Conclusions: Selected samples with high winter hardiness and high intensity of spring regeneration - Lira odes’ka, Oberih Myronivskyi, Dykanka (Ukraine) and varieties of foreign origin - Turkuaz (Azerbaijan) and Andrada (Romania). The following samples had increased winter hardiness (7-8 points) and good regeneration in spring (8-9 points) - Oktava odes’ka, Natalka, Zolotava Nosivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Bunchuk, Orzytsia Nova, PS Tashan’ (Ukraine), T67/X84W063-9-45//Karl92/3 (Turkey), AR800-1-3-1/NW97S320, NE10507 (USA). According to the two years results of the evaluation of the resistance of genotypes to Septoria tritici blotch, next samples can be use as resistance sources - Kraevyd, Mahnatka, Spivanka poliska (Ukraine), Arctis (Germany), Apertus (Austria), AR800-1-3- 1/NW97S320 (USA).

Assessment of Morphological Traits and Yield Potentiality of some Egyptian Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) Cultivars under normal and Water Deficit Conditions

Assessment of Morphological Traits and Yield Potentiality of some Egyptian Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) Cultivars under normal and Water Deficit Conditions

Assessment of Morphological Traits, Nutritional and Nutraceutical Composition in Fruits of 18 Apricot cv. Sekerpare Clones

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is one of the most important members of Prunus and its trees bears delicious and nutritious fruits during summer months in the temperate zones in the world. Apricot cultivars are propagated asexually which consists of clones. Information on inter-clonal variations in apricot cultivars can assist us in the selection of better clones from commercial cultivars. We aimed to determine morphological traits (fruit weight, seed weight, kernel weight, flesh/seed ratio, shape index, fruit firmness, color index), nutritional (sugars and organic acids) and nutraceutical (total phenolic, total flavonoids, total carotenoid and antioxidant activity) composition of 18 clones of Sekerpare apricot cultivar grown together in Kagizman district in eastern Turkey. Results showed significant differences among clones concerning most of the morphological traits, nutritional and nutraceutical compositions. Fruit weight, flesh/seed ratio and fruit firmness of clones were in range of 23.14–27.11 g, 11.21–13.14 and 3.88–5.11 kg/cm2, respectively. Fruit shape index was slightly similar among all clones which was between 0.95 and 1.03. Citric acid and sucrose were found to be the predominant organic acid and sugar among clones which varied from 728 to 915 mg/100 g and 7.11 to 9.94 g/100 g, respectively. The clone ‘KS2’ exhibited the highest level of total phenol (67.1 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g) and antioxidant activity (2.16 μmol trolox equivalent per g). The study confirmed the diversity among Sekerpare clones and effectiveness of combining morphological, nutritional and nutraceutical analyses in assessment of Şekerpare clones and its use for future pre-breeding programs.

Assessment of morphological traits as seed and protein yield components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Effect of different attributes on grain and protein yield of bread wheat was assessed using 20 genotypes. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Relationship among measured traits was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and factor analysis. Correlation analysis showed the significant relation of grain and protein yield with all the traits except correlation of grain filling duration and peduncle length with grain yield as well as spike yield and peduncle length with protein yield. Factor analysis based on principal component analysis method and varimax rotation indicated that four important factors accounted for about 98% of the total variation among traits studied. The first factor assigned 48% of total variation between traits and was significantly related with traits grain yield, biological yield, protein yield and protein percentage. This factor was regarded as quantitative and qualitative yield improvement factor. Other factors accounted for 20, 16 and 14% of variation between traits so were entitled as spike yield, grain filling ability and photosynthesis reservoir enhancement factors, respectively. In conclusion, results revealed effect of grain filling rate, biological yield, number of grains/spike, spike yield and protein percentage on grain and protein yield. Hence, these traits are recommended as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield especially in early generations.

Response of Elodea Nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John to Manual Harvesting in the North-East of France

Elodea nuttallii (Planch). H. St John is an introduced aquatic macrophyte which was first observed in France in the early 1950s. The impact of two frequencies of harvesting on the biomass and regrowth strategy of this invasive species was evaluated by assessment of morphological traits monthly from February to October 2003. The effect of this management on the floristic biodiversity was also analysed. Harvesting caused a drastic reduction of biomass of E. nuttallii. Two harvests caused almost total disappearance of E. nuttallii. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the architecture of E. nuttallii between an unharvested site and harvested site. In one year, harvest did not allow the development of native aquatic plants.